-ing form
做主语
Knowing is one thing, doing is another.
Seeing is believing.
(注意-ing做主语，谓语动词做单数)
-ing形式的复合结构 由名词所有格，形容词性物主代词+ing
我姐姐生病了，使我很担心
My sister's being ill made me worried.
总统的出席，给了他们很大的鼓励。
The president's attending the meeting gave them a great deal of encouragement.
李平的迟到让他的班主任很失望。
LinPing's being late made his headmaster disappointed.
-ing 做主语时，有时在句子中使用形式主语it
It's nice\pleasant meeting you here.
It's no use\ good talking to her.
It's useless telephoning him, he's not willing to come.
It's worth making an effort.
It's a waste of time \money
Eg.It's a waste of time arguing about it.
It's a waste of money buying such a thing.
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
It's no good wasting time.
做宾语
1介词宾语
2做某些动词的宾语
avoid miss put off （ postpone）
避免 错过 （少）延期
suggest finish practice
建议 完成 （多）练习
enjoy imagine cannot help
喜欢 想象 禁不住
admit deny envy
承认 否定 （与）嫉妒
escape risk excuse
逃避 冒险 （莫）原谅
stand keep mind
忍受 保持 （不）介意
consider\ prevent \appreciate \delay \allow \permit\include
可ing接做宾语也可接不定式做宾语,含义区别不大的词
start begin like love hate continue prefer
可接ing做宾语又可接不定式做宾语含义不同的动词
remember forget\ regret try \ mean \ stop \ learn \go on
need want require做需要时,后面接-ing形式主动式或不定式的被动式.意义没有差别,但常用ing 形式
英译汉
I forgot mailing your letter
I forgot to mail your letter
Being early may mean wasting a little time.
You really mean to go ?
He tried opening the back door with the key.
He tried to open the back door with the key.
The students stopped talking .
The students stopped to talk.
Exx 做主语，宾语的练习
1. She didn't remember___ him before.
A. having met B.have met
C.to meet D. to having met
2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_______.
A. catching B. to be caught
C. being caught D. to catch
3.I can't imagine _____ that with them.
A. to B.to do C. being done D. doing
4.I really enjoy___ that kind of job.
A.do B. doing C. to do D.to be doing
5. They wouldn't allow him____across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go
C. for risk to go D. risk going
6. Go on _____ the other exercises after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
7. People couldn't help_____ the foolish emperor in the procession
A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on
8. We're looking forward ____ the photo exhibition.
A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting
9.---What do you think of the book?
--- Oh, excellent , It's worth_____ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
10. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you cal C. your calling D. you are calling
11. How about the two of us___ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
12. The country is known ____ rich in natural resources.
A. to being B. for being C. to be D. being
13. I'm sorry I forgot _____ him about it. So he didn't come.
A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. having told
14. I considered_____ my job , but in the end I decided_____.
A. to change, to do not B. changing , not to
C. changing, to do not D. to change , not to
15.---Your job is well done. Have you ___ for it?
---Yes , I remember_____$50.
A. paid , being paid B. been paid , to pay
C. been paid, being paid D. paid , to pay
16. While shopping , people sometimes can't help____ into buying something they don't really need.
A. persuade B. persuading C. being persuades D. persuaded
17. It's no use____ with him.
A. quarrelling B. quarrel C. of quarrelling D. being quarrelling
18. Excuse me for___ in without____.
A. coming , asking B. coming , being asked
C. to come, asking D. being asked
19. Lying in bed all day means ____ time.
A. wasting B .to have wasted C. to wasting D. to waste
20. My old grandpa always forgets____ the door but he always says that he remember ____it.
A. to lock, to lock B. to lock , locking
C. locking ,locking D. locking , to lock
21. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well , now I regret___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
22. I didn't feel like____, so he suggested____ an English letter right now.
A. reading , practicing writing B. reading , to practise to write
C.to read , to practise writing D. to read, to practicing write
23. This exercise requires____carefully. We would do as we are required____.
A. to do, doing B. to be done C. to be done , to doing D. doing, to do
24. He is not___ to ____ up late.
A. used , sit B. to be used, sitting C. to be used , sit D. used, sitting
Keys:
1-5ACDBA 6-10ACACC 11-15CBABC 16-20CABAB
21-24DADD
做状语：
现在分词做状语，可以相当于一个状语从句。
Eg. A. Seeing the teacher , the students smiled and said good morning to him.
= When they saw the teacher , the student smiled and said good morning to him.
Exx.1. When you hang wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam rising from them.
Hanging wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam rising from them.
2.While he was reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.
(While) reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.
B. Being excited , I couldn't go to sleep.
= As I was excited , I couldn't go to sleep.
3. As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.
Being a tailor, He knows what to do with this material.
4. Because he didn't know much English, he could hardly understand the English film.
Not knowing much English, he could hardly understand the English film.
C. Four people enter and look around in a curious way.
= Four people enter and look around in a curious way.
5. Wei Fang sat at the desk and wrote an article in English.
Wei Fang sat at the desk , writing an article in English.
6. He was quite disappointed and thought that he would never have his things back.
He was quite disappointed, thinking that he would never have his things back.
D. Losing heart, you won't find a way to overcome the difficulty .
= If you lost heart, you won't find a way to overcome the difficulty.
7. As long as we were in better condition , we were sure to win.
Being in better condition , we were sure to win.
8. If a person stands at the foot of a mountain, he will find himself very small.
Standing at the foot of a mountain, a person will find himself very small.
9做结果状语
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
10做目的状语He went swimming the other day.
11.与逻辑主语构成独立主格。
I was waiting for the bus, a bird falling on my head.
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
12.有时与with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+ing 形式
With the lights burning, he fall asleep.
13. 做独立成分
Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor.
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.
-ing形式归纳
动词形式
及物动词
不及物动词
一般式
完成式
否定式 主动形式 被动形式 主动形式
doing
being done
going
having done
having been done
having gone
not doing
not having done not being done
not having been done not going
not having gone
做状语的练习
1._____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
2. Finding her car stolen,_____.
A. a policeman was asked to help.
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
3. He sent me an e-mail,____ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
4. White building a tunnel, through the mountain,____.
A. an underground lakes was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake.
5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage____ the girl and took her away,______ into the woods.
A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
6. ______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. to wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
7. European football is played in 80 countries,___ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
8._____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
9. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
10. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______
A. doctors came to their rescues
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists.
Keys: 1-5CDBDD 6-10CACCB
做定语
ing 做定语常放在被修饰词之前
ing 可分为现在分词和动名词
China is a developing country
There is a swimming pool near my house.
She told us an interesting story.
区别：动名词做定语与被修饰词之间仅表示一种用途相当于一个for的介词短语
现在分词做定语，与被修饰词之见有逻辑主谓关系，可相当与一个定语从句
a sleeping boy=a boy who \that is sleeping
注意： 若是ing分词做定语，则可以放在被修饰词之后
The girl wearing a skirt is my roommate.
如：候车室 正在散步的男人
饮用水 手术台
游泳衣 劳动人民
做定语的练习：
1那个在表演的男孩是我的一个同学
2那个正在唱歌的人会弹四种乐器。
3正在吃午餐的哪个喜剧演员是我妈妈的一个朋友。
4正在唱歌的哪个妇女自己写歌。
Keys:
The boy performing the show is a classmate of mine.
The person singing now can play four musical instruments.
The comedian eating her lunch is a friend of my mother's.
The woman singing now writes her song herself.
做宾补
ing 做宾补，宾补与宾语之间是主动关系，分词的动作与谓语的动作同时发生。
什么词可以用现在分词做宾补
1． 感官动词
口令： 看看三次 听听两次
注意闻闻 找到感觉
see watch look at, hear , listen to notice observe smell find feel
2.其他几个动词
have set get catch keep leave
这些动词也可以加不定式做宾补，但有区别
Eg: I saw her going downstairs.
I saw her go downstairs.
He saw a car running into the street .
He saw a car run into the street
He watched her daughter water flowers
He watched her daughter watering flowers.
---ing做宾补练习：
1. Though I have often heard this song_____, I have never heard you ____ it.
A. being sung ;sang B. sang ;singing C. sung , sing D. to be sung , to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire___ all night.
A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
4. ---Did you meet anyone____ at the party?
---No, in fact, I found the party rather____.
A. interesting; boring B. interested , boring
C. interesting; bored D. interested, bored
5. The salesman scolded the girl caught____ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
6. Don't leave the water____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
7. The ____ boy was last seen _____ near the East Lake.
A. missing, playing B. missing, play C. missed, played D. missed, to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
Keys: C C D A D B A B
做宾补练习
1． 我发现他躺在草地上
2． 我听见楼上友人在唱歌
3． 我注意到有人在我的课堂上睡觉。
4． 你让我在雨中等了两个钟头。
I found him lying on the grass.
I heard someone singing upstairs.
I notice someone sleeping in my class.
You kept me writing for two hours in the rain.
做表语
ing 做表语，主要是说明主语的内容或形容主语的性质，用于联系动词之后。
The story is interesting
Seeing is believing.
My hobby is playing badminton
The film seems exciting.
注意与现在进行时的区别。
一般来讲，做表语的可以表语和主语的位置对调，（除了一些ing已经是变成形容词的就不行）
现在进行时的就不可以这样变化。
He is teaching us English now.
Ing 总练习
用所给的动词的适当形式填空。
1. Answering correctly is more important than_________(finish) quickly.
2. Does your shirt require______(press) ,sir?
3. I won't have you ____(run) up and down the stairs all day.
4. The book,_______(intend) as a surprise for the sister, was lost in the mail.
5. Having met the unknown word several times while_____(read), he stopped to refer to the dictionary.
6. _________(realize) that the problem was more than he could deal with , he called the police for help.
7. _________ ( settle) in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
8. We were lucky that we just escaped_______(catch) in the rain.
9. We know he wasn't a person________( depend on)
10. The student entered the office without_______(ask).
11. I regret______( inform) you that we are unable to offer you the job.
12. The shy girl doesn't like______(laugh) at in public.
13. Which do you enjoy______(spend) the weekend playing football or going to the cinema?
14. Do you mind____(get) off the bus immediately?
15. This novel is said____(translate) into many foreign language.
16. She set out soon after dark and _____(arrive) home an hour later.
17. I insisted on going back to may work rather than ______(stay) in hospital.
18. Time should be made full use of______(complete) the project ahead of time.
19. Please excuse me for my ____(come) without_______( ask).
20. What worried then most was______(they, not allow) to visit their mother in the hospital .
Key:finishing 2.pressing\to be pressed 3. running 4.intended 5. reading 6.Realizing 7.Settled 8.being caught 9.to depend on 10.being asked 11.to inform 12. being laughed 13. to spend . 14. getting 15. to have been translated 16.arrived 17. staying 18. to complete 19.coming , being asked 20.their not being allowed
单项：
1. I don't mind her_____ jewels at the party.
A. wear B. to wear C. wearing D. worn
2. _________ for computers is called computer programming.
A. Writing instruction B. to write instruction
C. The writing of instruction D. Having written instructions
3. After her famous husband's death, Eleanor Roosevelt continued _____for peace.
A. working B. work C. the working D. to working
4. Mark often attempts to escape _____whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined B. to be fined
C. to have been fined D. being fined
5. Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance D. being a chance
6.--- What made him so unhappy?
---____ the ticket for the football match.
A. Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing
7. After_____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed B. interviewed C. interviewing D. having interviewed
8. I don't know what illness hr suffered from. But I do remember he mentioned____ in hospital last year.
A. to have been B. to be C. having been D. being
9. Nancy isn't here. It's my mistake. I forgot all about ___ her.
A. telephoning B. to telephone C. to telephone to D. the telephoning to
10. I still remember you , as a student,___ sweetly.
A. to sing B. singing C. being singing D. sing
11. The boy's______ school late again and again caused the teacher to wonder why.
A. to come B. coming C. being coming D. come
12. --- What do you think of the film Harry Potter?
--- Oh, excellent, It's worth____ a second time.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. being seen
13. It's very helpful for you to practice____ English about for 15 minutes every day.
A. to read B. reading C. in reading D. to be reading
14. These young scientists succeeded_____ the new software.
A. produced B. to produce C. in producing D. produce
15.--- I apologized to you ___ your dictionary for so long.
--- It doesn't matter.
A. to keep B. for having kept C. of keeping D. for keeping
16．---I____out the physics problem in your way, but I failed.
---Why _____ it in your own way?
A. tried to work m nor try doing B. tried to work , not try to do
C. tried working , not try to do D. try to work , not try doing
17. To procect the environment , we must prevent trees____.
A. from cutting down B. cut down C. cutting down D. being cut down
18.I appreciate____ the chance to study abroad three years ago.
A .having been given B. my giving C. to be given D. having given
19.--- I hear John____ in a middle school.
---What ? I can't imagine him ____as a teacher.
A. teach, to work B. teaches ,working C. teaches,to work D. to teach , working
20.I am looking forward to ____ your reply to my application soon.
A. receive B. receiving C. accepting D. get
Key:1-5 CAADA 6-10 DACAB 11-15BCBCB 16-20 ADABB
能力提升
从下面所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
1、Are all Chinese textbooks _____ in your _____ house?
A、publishing…publishing B、published…published
C、publishing…published D、published…publishing
2、I found the door ______ when I got home.
A、opened B、opening C、closed D、to close
3、Are you going to attend the meeting _____ next Saturday?
A、holding B、hold C、will be held D、to be held
4、We were told to have our reading room _____ after school.
A、clean B、to clean C、cleaning D、cleaned
5、The stranger _______ rags is a modern beggar.
A、dressed in B、more C、dressing D、has on
6、_____ there many times, I know the city well.
A、Being B、Having been C、Going D、Gone
7、The pupil sat there, _____ what to do.
A、does knowing B、didn't know C、not know D、not knowing
8、_____ more time, he could do it ______.
A、Giving… more better B、Given…any better
C、Given…much better D、to give…good
9、_____, but he still could not understand it.
A、He had been told many times B、Having been told many times
C、Told many times D、Although he has been told many times
10、In the busiest season the farmers are seen ____ their tractors ____from morning till night.
A、to have…working B、have…work
C、have…working D、had…work
答案：
1、D 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、A 6、B 7、D 8、C 9、A 10、A