Unit3 Art and architecture

发布时间:2016-3-23编辑:互联网

【本章重点难点】

Ⅰ.Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组

1.Architecture looks at the man-made living environment.(P.19)

look at在此句中的用法

2....who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty.(P.19)

动词词组go against的内涵及用法

3.Modern buildings impress us because they are huge...(P.19)

动词impress的用法

4.But in the choice of materials and shape of buildings,ancient architecture stands much closer to nature.(P.20)

词组in the choice of的意义和用法

5.Despite using traditional materials,Gaudi was a modern architect.(P.20)

介词despite的意义和用法

6.Most of Gaudi's works were constructed in and round Barcelona.(P.20)

动词construct的意义和用法

7.Frank Lloyd Wright,who built an art museum in New York,found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.(P.20)

动词inspire的意义和用法

8.They are decorated with small round windows that remind us of ships,bent roofs,...(P.23)

动词decorate的意义和用法;动词词组remind sb. of sth.的意义和用法

9.The simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.(P.23)

动词词组set...aside的意义和用法

10....so that people in the neighborhood are not disturbed when rock musicians move in and practice for a concert.(P.24)

动词disturb和interrupt在意义和用法上的区别

Ⅱ.Language points and grammar focus语言点和语法重点

A.Language points语言点

1.When you look around at buildings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.(P.19)

“find+宾语+现在分词”与“find+宾语+过去分词”在内涵上的区别和各自的用法

2.Looking at the architecture by Gaudi is like a dream,full of fantastic colours and shapes.(P.20)

“full of...”形容词性的词组用作非限制性定语时的用法

3.Viewed from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel,...(P.20)

分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语应是句子的主语

4.The simple style of buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.(P.23)

that在同位语和定语从句中不同的内涵及用法

5.Until very recently,most of the workshops in Factory 798 stood empty.(P.23)

半系动词stand的内涵及用法

6.Many large cities...have had experiments of this kind,with old factories turned into successful art centers.(P.24)

介词短语with+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/不定式,不同非谓语动词所表达的不同内涵及用法

B.Grammar focus语法重点

The Past Participle used as Object Complement用作宾补的过去分词

Ⅲ.Skills of the four essential abilities:listening,speaking,reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧

1.Listening:Try to define the details of a long dialogue such as time,a place and an incident

确定较长对话中涉及的时间、地点与事件等细节

2.Speaking:Talk about art and architecture谈论艺术与建筑

3.Reading:Mastering the accurate meanings of some key words is the foundation of having a good understanding of some difficult

sentences掌握词的确切词义,是正确理解句意的基础

4.Writing:How to write an introduction according to a floor plan

如何根据建筑物的平面画写一篇介绍性短文

【难点解析】

Ⅰ.Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组

1.Architecture looks at the man-made living environment.(P.19)

译文:建筑学关注的是人造生活环境。

[讲解]本句采用了拟人的修辞方法(personification),把architecture人性化。look at在本句中意为“考虑、关注(consider)”;此外还有“看待(regard)”、“对待(judge)”、“检查、察看(examine to see if it is good or correct)”等意思。

[例句]

I won't look at such a simple matter.

我不愿考虑这样简单的事情。

We must look at the question from all sides.

我们应该从各个方面考虑这个问题。

You should look at your work attentively.你应认真对待你的工作。

You ought to have your bad teeth looked at.

你应去检查一下你的坏牙。

2....who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty.(P.19)

译文:他们希望用背离人们审美标准的建筑改变社会。

[讲解]go against有三个意思。①违背,反对(to act in opposition to);②对(某人)不利(to be in favorable to sb.)③与……相反;与……不符。

[例句]

She went against her own wishes.她违背了她自己的意志。

The opinion is going against us.舆论对我们不利。

The case may go against you这个案子对你不利。

It went against my principles to work for this company.

为这家公司工作违背了我的原则。

[讲解]against的用法总结:

be against a plan(反对计划)/sail against the wind(逆风行船)/stand against the door(靠门而立)/go against the law(违背法律)/be against one's will(违背心愿)/protect(defend)sb. against(from)...(保护……免受)/warn sb. against doing sth...(警告……不……)/Her red clothes stand out clearly against the snow.(她的红色衣服在白雪中格外显眼)/The rain beat against the window.(雨点打在了窗户上)。

3.Modern buildings impress us because they are huge...(P.19)

译文:现代建筑之所以打动我们是因为它们的宏大……

[讲解]impress中的im根义为“in”,press的根义为“按、压”。因此impress原意为:压入;按入→vt.①(具体)印、压(盖)印;②(抽象)给……深刻印象;使感动;使佩服;③铭记;铭刻。常用句型:impress sth on sb./one's mind;impress sb. with sth.。

[例句或例词]impress a seal in wax把印章印在蜡上

We are very impressed by his behavior.我们被他的行为所打动。

My father impressed on me the value of hard work.=My father impressed me with the value of hard work.我父亲让我牢记工作的重要性。

4.But in the choice of materials and shape of buildings,ancient architecture stands much closer to nature.(P.20)

译文:在选择建筑材料和形状方面,古代建筑更接近自然。

[讲解]in the choice of意为“在选择……方面”。choice n.①选择(可数或不可数名词);②被选出的人或东西(可数名词),常和for,as连用;③可供选择的品种。

[例句]

I bet we've made a good choice.我确信我们做了一个好的选择。

As to language learning,he was given a choice between English and France.至于语言学习,他被提供了两项选择--英语或法语。

I didn't work all night.-I did it by choice.

我不是非得整夜工作--我是自己选择这样做。

He was a very good choice as chairman.他是作主席的最好人选。

5.Despite using traditional materials,Gaudi was a modern architect.(P.20)

译文:尽管用了传统材料,高迪在人们心目中仍是现代派建筑师。

[讲解]despite prep.意为:in spite of;not prevented by不管,尽管,任凭。

[例句]

He came to the meeting despite/in spite of the rain.=He came to the meeting,although it rained.=It rained.However,he came to the meeting.=It rained.He came to the meeting,though.尽管下雨,他还是到会了。

6.Most of Gaudi's works were constructed in and round Barcelona.(P.20)

译文:高迪的大部分作品都建筑在巴塞罗那及周围。

[讲解]construct v. build(sth);put or fit together;form建筑;建造(某物);形成。

[例词]construct a factory/an airplane/a sentence/a modal建工厂;造飞机;造句子;制作模型

7.Frank Lloyd Wright,who built an art museum in New York,found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.(P.20)

译文:弗兰克劳埃德赖特设计了纽约的艺术博物馆,是日本的海贝壳激发了他的灵感。

[讲解]inspire v. in 根义:注入。①注入精神→鼓舞,激励;②注入灵气→给……灵感;启迪;启示。

[例句]

His noble example inspired the rest of us to great effort.

他的高尚的榜样激发了我们大家更加努力。

It inspired him with courage.这事鼓起了他的勇气。

My father inspired me with a love of knowledge.

我的父亲鼓励我爱好学问。

The beautiful scenery of the West Lake inspired him to write this famous poem.西湖美景给了他灵感写出了这首著名的诗篇。

8.They are decorated with small round windows that remind us of ships,bent roofs,...(P.23)

译文:它们被小圆窗装点,还能让你联想到轮船、穹顶……

[讲解]decorate v.装饰、装修(make sth. more beautiful or attractive by sth.(not because it is necessary)。常用句型decorate...with sth.;如宾语是人,意为:授予某人荣誉标志(勋章)。

[例句或例词]

a Christmas tree decorated with colored lights装饰着彩灯的圣诞树

He was decorated for his bravery.他因勇敢而被授予勋章。

[讲解]remind v.①使某人想起,常用remind sb. of sth.句型②提醒某人做某事,常用remind sb. to do sth.句型。

[例句]

He reminds me of his brother.他使我想起了他哥哥。

This song reminded me of my childhood.=This song recalled me of my childhood.=This song called up the memory of my childhood.这首歌使我想起了我的童年。

Do I have to remind you?我必须提醒你吗?

That(what you've said)reminds me.I must feed the cat.

对啦!我该喂猫了。

9.The simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.(P.23)

译文:建筑物风格简朴且有德国特色,使之与中国建筑风格迥然不同。

[讲解]set aside意为:把……放在一边,引申为“不理会=ignore,不顾某事”。

[例句]

Don't set aside his wishes in the matter.不要忽视他对此事的愿望。

The complaint was set aside as no importance.

(对方的)诉苦被看成无所谓的事而被放在一边。

She set aside her book and lit a cigarette.

她把书放在一边,点了一支香烟。

10....so that people in the neighborhood are not disturbed when rock musicians move in and practice for a concert.(P.24)

译文:……目的是当乐师们搬进来为音乐会排练时,邻居不被打扰。

[讲解]disturb vt.①焦虑不安,常用于be disturbed to do sth.(由于做了某事而焦虑不安);②扰乱、惊动、搅乱;interrupt vt.打断、中断。因此disturb强调“扰”;interrupt强调“断”。

[例句]

He was disturbed to hear of your illness.听到你生病他焦虑不安。

Don't disturb the papers on my desk.不要把我桌上的文件弄乱。

She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child.

她轻轻打开门为的是不把睡梦中的小孩弄醒。

Don't interrupt the speaker now;he will answer questions later.

现在不要打断他的话,他稍候再回答问题。

We interrupt this programme to bring you a new flash.

我们中断节目,报告新闻快讯。

Ⅱ.Language points and grammar focus语言点与语法重点

A.Language points语言点

师:下面我将依次讲解在此栏目中点击的六个难点。

1.When you look around at buildings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.(P.19)

译文:当你环视一下周围的大楼、大街、广场、公园,你就会发现它们的设计、规划、建设上都风格各异。

[讲解]“find+宾语+现在分词”与“find+宾语+过去分词”在内涵和用法上有很大的区别。首先,现在分词作宾语补足语,①与前面的宾语是逻辑上的主动关系;②现在分词表示动作的持续性、未完性。过去分词作宾语补足语,①与前面的宾语是逻辑上的被动关系;②过去分词表示动作的完成。

[例句]

We found him waiting to receive us.

我们发现他们在等着欢迎我们。(him与wait是逻辑上的主动关系)

Dusk found the little boy crying in the street.

黄昏时,那小男孩被发现正在大街上哭。

She found the house repaired,when she went back home.当她回家时发现房子已被修好。(the house与repair是逻辑上的被动关系)。

2.Looking at the architecture by Gaudi is like a dream,full of fantastic colours and shapes.(P.20)

译文:看高迪的建筑作品仿佛就像在梦幻中一样,--色彩斑斓,形状各异。

[讲解]英语中,定语有限制性和非限制性之分。对其修饰的名词来说是不可缺少的定语,叫限制性定语;反之,对其修饰的名词只是一种补充说明作用,叫非限制性定语,非限制性定语往往与前面的名词用逗号隔开。本句中full of...是对前面名词dream起补充说明作用,因此为非限制性定语。

[例句]

He had many pencils,red and blue.他有许多铅笔,有红有蓝。

He entered his room,dirty and messy.

他进了他自己的屋子,又脏又乱。

3.Viewed from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel,...

译文:从顶部看,体育馆就像被一层灰色的金属网覆盖。

[讲解]分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语应是句子的主语。下面看一道例题:

Hearing the news,__________________.

A.tears came to his eyes B.he burst into tears.

A、B两项都表“热泪盈眶”,然而分词作了状语,它的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致,A项中的主语tear不可能会听消息,所以不正确;而B项的主语是he,逻辑上是很通顺的,所以B才是本题的答案。

4.The simple style of buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.

译文:建筑物风格简朴且有德国特色,使之与中国建筑风格迥然不同。

[讲解]定语从句和同位语从句都可由that引导,但用法却有很大区别。①定语从句对前面的名词起修饰限制作用,因此定语从句是个残缺的句子,that在定语从句中要充当成分;而同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,that从句所表达的内容就是前面名词的内容,所以同位语从句是完整的。前面名词与同位语从句可以对调。②一般来说,同位语从句前面的名词往往是:fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information等。现举例说明:You can't get around the fact that it's against the law.(同位语从句)

He made a promise that he'll lend us some money.(同位语从句)

He made a promise that inspired us greatly.(定语从句)

5.Until very recently,most of the workshops in Factory 798 stood empty.(P.20)

译文:直到最近,798厂的大部分厂房仍然被闲置。

[讲解]英语中除verb to be外,还有一些其他的系动词,有表变化的,有表感官的,有表静态的,本句中的stand属于表静态的半系动词,此外还有:sit,remain,keep,stay,lie等。注意:这些半系动词后要加形容词作表语。

[例句]

He is standing/sitting/lying still.

他一动不动地站/坐/躺在那儿。

He remains/keeps weak.他仍很弱。

6.Many large cities...have had experiments of this kind,with old factories turned into successful art centers.(P.24)

译文:许多大城市……已经做了这样的实验,把旧工厂成功地变成艺术中心。

[讲解]“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语”我们常称之为“with的复合结构”,在句中充当状语。它可以作方式、伴随、原因、条件状语。但介词with+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/不定式,用法却有很大区别。现在分词作宾语补足语表示与前面的宾语有逻辑上的主动关系,且表示此动作的持续性、未完性;过去分词作宾语补足语表示与前面的宾语有逻辑上的被动关系,且表示此动作已完成;不定式作宾语补足语表示此动作未开始。

[例句]

With everything bought,he went home happily.

一切东西都买好了,他高高兴兴回家了。(表时间)

Our school looks more beautiful with all the flowers coming out.

所有的鲜花开放了,我们的校园更美了。(表条件)

With the boy leading the way,we had little difficulty finding she school.

有了那个男孩子领路,我们没费多大的劲就找到了学校。(表原因)

With weather permitting,we will go on a picnic.

如时间允许,我们将进行一次野餐。(表条件)

With him to help me I am sure I can do it well.

由他帮我,我肯定能做好。(表原因)

B.Grammar focus语法重点

The Past Participle used as Object Complement

用作宾补的过去分词

本单元的语法项目是过去分词作宾补,你能把它的用法讲解一下吗?

师:过去分词作宾补,与前面的宾语有逻辑上的被动关系且表动作的完成。

1)作表感觉或心理状态的动词的宾补,它们是:see,hear,watch,feel,find,think等

We hear the music played by the band.我们听了乐队演奏这首乐曲。

I found her greatly changed.我发现她变化很大。

Everybody thought the battle lost.人人都认为这场战役输掉了。

2)作使役动词的宾补,它们是:make,keep,leave,have,get,help等

When you speak,you have to make yourself understood.

说话时要让人听懂。

Please keep us informed of the latest development.

请随时向我们通报事态的最新发展。

I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修自行车。

3)作表希望或要求的动词的宾补,它们是:want,like,wish,prefer,need,declare,report,order,acknowledge等。这种用法与不定式的被动形式作宾补基本相同。

I don't want any of you(to be)involved in the scandal.

我不要你们任何人牵涉到丑闻中去。

The viewers wish the serial film(to be)continued.

观众们希望这部系列片继续下去。

She needs the work(to be)done before tomorrow.

他要此项工程明天以前完成。

Ⅲ.Skills of the four essential abilities:listening,speaking,reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧

1.Listening skills听力技巧

Try to define the details of a long dialogue such as the time,the place or the incident.

确定较长对话中涉及的时间、地点与事件等细节。

较长对话的听力题除了有您在前两节讲授的固定设问外,经常还有一些针对对话中的细节发问的题目,应对这类听力题有什么技巧吗?

师:首先我们应该搞清楚除了前两节讲的那些固定设问外,针对较长对话发问的有哪些细节?

这些细节无非是地点、时间、数字或被谈论的人或事?

师:那么针对这些细节的设问有其固定的设问形式吗?

我们在第一章的简短对话中学习并练习过它们固定的设问形式及应对它们的解题技巧。只是针对地点发问的疑问词一律是where或what place...?凡是针对时间细节发问的疑问词一律是when或what time...?凡是针对可数名词的数量这一细节发问的疑问词一律用how many或what is the number of...?凡是针对不可数名词的数量这一细节发问的疑问词一律用how much...?凡是针对被谈论到的人或事这一细节设问的疑问词一律用whom或what...?您看我掌握的这些设问词正确吗?

师:应该知道可能被检测的细节还有我们在第一章已学过的其他一些细节。例如:做事的方式、动作持续的时间长度、距离、一段时间做某事的次数等等。在此对那些设问使用的疑问词没必要再一一赘述。但现在的问题是怎样才能更好地在规定的短暂时间内通过审题把握这两个甚至更多的设问的内在联系。更重要的是在听这类较长对话时,如何迅速听懂并很好理解这些对话,如何很好地在规定的短暂时间内正确做出判断。这些能力是我们必须具备的。要想具备这些能力,我们要解决以下四个问题:

1.通过熟悉各种设问形式,迅速确定要考查细节的检测点;

2.通过审读题干及其下面的选项尽可能多地获取即将听到的对话的信息,分析两个设问里暗示的内在联系,尤其要注意从第二个设问及其选项里获取的信息;

3.听对话录音时,首先要能把握住对话的中心话题,对话双方的人物关系,虽然这些内容不是检测点,但对更准确地理解对话中被检测的细节大有裨益;

4.听对话录音时,要特别注意设问句中的主语是男还是女,从而确定自己的听音重点,而且要能对被检测的细节内容听得十分具体与精细。

请您以实例演示一下您刚讲授的这四个要点在实践中的具体运用过程。

师:请看下例:

1.What are the two speakers most probably doing?

A.At work.

B.At lunch.

C.On research about healthy food.

2.Why does the woman refuse the man's offer?

A.Because she is broke.

B.Because she's on a diet.

C.Because she's having a stomachache.

请告诉我您能从审读题干及选项中获取哪些信息?

从审读题干的设问与它们下面的选项,我得知对话双方在进行这段对话的同时还在做另外一件事,这件事有三种可能性:A项表示的是“在工作”,B项表示的是“在用午餐”,C项表示的是“在对健康食品进行研究”,从第二个设问中我得到的信息是对话中的女方拒绝了男方的请求,要检测的是她拒绝男方请求的原因。选项提供的原因如下:A项表示的原因是女方囊中羞涩,B项表示的原因是女方正在节制饮食,C项表示的原因是女方眼下正在受胃痛之苦。

师:那么两个设问及其选项中间有什么内在联系呢?

我现在真找不到它们的内在联系,请您给予赐教。

师:女方拒绝男方请求的原因,根据逻辑推理,哪项活动与他们进行对话的同时所做之事最可能有联系呢?

从第一个设问下的三个选项的内容上看,后两个选项的内容有些共同之处--都与食物有关,从第二个设问下面三个选项的内容上看,也是后两个选项的内容有共同之处--节食与胃痛,仍与进餐有关。

师:如果能在审读题干及选项的过程中,在规定的时间内迅速抓住这些要点,那就基本具备了较好的审题能力。剩下的是我们在听对话录音时,来验证我们刚做的推断。请听下面这段对话:

M:Another piece of meat pie for your meal.It's about six hours before supper.

W:No,thanks really.I'm on a diet.

M:Please do.You've hardly eaten anything.

W:It's delicious,but I don't think I ought to.

M:Can't I tempt you at all?

W:Well,maybe I could manage a very small piece of fish.

我选的第1题与第2题的答案都是B项。因为对话录音是以男方让女方在用餐中再吃块肉饼的请求开始,随后他解释道:到吃晚饭还有6个小时左右。随后女方拒绝了男方的请求,并解释说她正在节制饮食。接下来男方继续恳求,但女方仍然继续拒绝。其实没完全听完这段录音,我已做出判断。

师:应该说正确审题是做好听力题的前提与基础,听懂其对话内容,抓住其关键之处,来验证或否定自己的判断,如果否定了自己原本的判断,就应重新做出判断,这是得到正确答案的关键。

2.Oral practice口语训练

Talk about art and architecture

谈论艺术与建筑

我们怎样才能用英语较好地谈论艺术与建筑呢?

师:通过本单元的学习,我们应该知道艺术与建筑的关系是水乳交融的关系,艺术溶汇于建筑。所以不同的文化与不同阶段产生了不同的建筑。要用英语谈论艺术与建筑,就必须了解并掌握一些有关建筑物与艺术的词汇及其表达方式。

建筑与建筑物名称的英语词汇与表达方式如下:

architecture建筑 architect建筑师

palace宫殿 Gothic哥特式

church教堂 cathedral天主教堂

mosque清真寺 temple寺庙

grotto石窟 pagoda塔(与宗教相关)

tower塔 arch拱门,拱洞

hall大厅,大礼堂 altar祭坛

castle城堡 column柱

edifice大厦 pyramid金字塔

monument纪念碑 stele石碑

memorial arch牌楼 marble bridge大理石桥

pillar支撑屋顶带有装饰物的柱子 column柱子

corridor走廊 gallery走廊,通道

museum博物馆 pavilion亭,榭

suspension bridge斜拉索桥 house房子

style样式 design设计

flat单元房

建筑材料的名称与描写建筑物的形容词:

grand宏伟的 unique独特的

stone石头 wood石头

brick砖头 earth泥土

steel钢材 concrete水泥

glass玻璃 plastics塑料

modern现代的 traditional传统的

了解并掌握了这些词汇与表达方式后,我们在什么场合下使用它们谈论建筑与艺术呢?

师:在旅游观光与选择住房时,经常要谈论建筑与艺术这两个话题。在本单元的【同步达纲练习】中,尤其是在今后的真实的语言交际活动中,应尽力使用这些词汇与表达方式表达自己对建筑与艺术的观点。

3.Reading skills阅读技巧

Mastering the accurate meanings of some key words is the foundation of having a good understanding of some difficult sentences

掌握词的确切词义是正确理解句意的基础

师:与汉语一样,英语中很多词是一词多义的,尤其是那些常用词更是有很多不同的词义,所以在平常的学习中,要特别注意对词汇多义性的学习。要手勤,只要在原著中碰到你感到与你的理解有悖或不太通顺时,就应立刻查阅词典。如果读到这样的句子:Tom got overwhelmed with sorrow when his wife died because of difficult labour.这句中的overwhelm肯定是生词,查词典后,得知其词义是:感情被控制。那么got overwhelmed with sorrow的词义就是“极其悲伤”或“痛不欲生”了。假如把这句理解为“汤姆在他的妻子因艰难的劳动而死去时痛不欲生。”那就大错特错了。因为句中labour的词义是“分娩”,而difficult labour的词义是:难产。类似的例证不胜枚举,仅从此例便可看到掌握词的确切词义的重要性。

1.准确理解一些英语单词的确切内涵。例如:I'll just clear the plates away,then I'll have a rest.

[误]我要先把盘子里的东西倒掉,然后就休息。

[正]我要先把盘子拿走,然后就休息。

上句中的动词clear的确切内涵是正确理解此句的关键。clear在此语境中是动词,其词义为:remove sth.,take sth. away或get rid of sth.,其汉语释义是:把某物拿开,拿到别处去。所以理解此词义成了正确理解此句的核心。下面例句中加粗的词是正确理解它们的关键,请看:

(1)The doctor advises me not to smoke.

[误]大夫说服我把烟戒了。

[正]大夫劝我不要吸烟。

(3)We can't go out,it's too wet outside.

[误]外面太潮了,我们出不了门。

[正]外面雨太大了,我们出不了门。

(3)The patient worried us a lot.

[误]那个病人为我们很担心。

[正]那个病人使我们很担心。

(4)We'll go to the hospital to see the dying man.

[误]我们要到医院去看看那个死者。

[正]我们要到医院去看看那个生命垂危的人。

(5)Though the box was very heavy,he managed to carry it to the fifth floor.

[误]尽管那只箱子很沉,他还是尽力要把它搬上六楼。

[正]尽管那只箱子很沉,他还是设法把它搬到六楼。

2.要非常注意英语中一词多义给我们的理解带来的误差。例如:

(1)The young soldier stood there still.

[误]那个年轻的士兵仍然站在那里。

[正]那个年轻的士兵站在那里纹丝不动。

(2)We have no room for so many people on the ship.

[误]我们在船上没有给这么多人的房间。

[正]我们在船上没有装这么多人的空间。

(3)His right arm hurt a lot last night.

[误]昨晚他的右臂受了很多的伤。

[正]昨晚他的右臂疼痛得厉害。

(4)The dog is too dear on the market.

[误]在市场上这只狗太可爱了。

[正]在市场上这只狗的价格太贵了。

(5)He's the last person I thought would come.

[误]他是我认为要来的最后那个人。

[正]他是我认为最不可能来的人。

(6)The key was left on the table.

[误]那把钥匙在桌子的左边。

[正]那把钥匙被落在桌子上。

(7)Do you know the late changes in the government?

[误]你知道政府里那些迟到的变化吗?

[正]你知道政府中不久前的变动吗?

(8)Her aunt used to be a wet nurse in the old days.

[误]在旧社会她的姨娘是个潮湿的护士。

[正]在旧社会她的姨娘是个奶妈。

4.Writing capacities书面表达能力

How to write an introduction according to a floor plan

如何根据建筑平面图写一篇介绍短文

请您讲授怎样才能根据建筑的平面图写一篇介绍性短文。

师:本单元学习的主题是:艺术与建筑,我们应学以致用,学用结合。首先在口语训练中介绍的那些词汇与表达方式对我们这种写作大有益处。

在掌握了这些词汇与表达方式后,就应仔细看清平面图上标记的那些建筑物的位置、面积、高度、形状和特点。然后用适当的表达方式来描述这些建筑物给人视觉留下的印象。表示方位、面积、高度、形状和特点的英语表达方式如下:

in the east/west/north/south在东/西/南/北边

on the right/left side of...在……右/左边

in front of...在……前边

in the front of...在……的前部

behind...在……后面

at the back of...在……后部

opposite...在……对面

across在……对面

by the side of...在……边上

square metre(s)/kilometre(s)平方米/公里

hectare公顷/一万平方米

height高度 shape形状

round圆的 square方的

oval椭圆的 triangle三角形的

arch拱形的 feature特性

使用这些词表达自己的意思时,最好查查词典,确定这些词的用法,这样就可以写出地道的英语短文。

【同步达纲练习】

Ⅰ.根据句意,在空白处填入既适合语境又在语法上正确的单词

1.The moment the plan came into effect,many people argue ___________it.

2.I'm wrestling with the problem.It is a very difficult___________.

3.Do as you like,____________my personal feelings.

4.He is a trouble-maker.What he did is always ____________his parents' wishes.

5.In order to ____________it on my memory,I had to repeat in every day.

Ⅱ.单项填空

1.People can't afford to buy expensive things ___________the price of daily goods going up.

A.as B.for

C.with D.since

2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___________in the kitchen.(NMET 2003)

A.smoke B.smoking

C.to smoke D.smoked

3.You should impress what the teacher says ___________your mind.

A.on B.in

C.to D.with

4.___________using traditional materials,Gaudi was a modern architect.

A.Although B.Because of

C.Inspite of D./

5.Don't go __________your parents' wishes,which are usually beneficial(有益的)to you.

A.on B.against

C.with D.along

Ⅲ.阅读技巧

将下列句子译成汉语,尤其要注意每句里加粗的词,并把其词义单独注出。

1.The young man was very anxious for his wife in difficult labour.

2.I see that next week is clear,let's meet each other sometime then.

3.Their prices are high because production costs are great.

4.He's such a well-known politician(政治家)because he has a great deal of colour.

5.“Of course you can bring your date to our party,Henry.You're over twenty,and you're a grown-up after all.But for you,Justin,I won't allow you to go out on dates.”Said Mrs Brown.

6.Patrik threw away the shabby sofa bed because it had not much spring in the cushion(床垫).

Ⅳ.书面表达能力的练习

根据下图的提示及英语释义以《北海公园》为题,用英语写一篇介绍北京市内北海公园的介绍短文。

北海公园位于北京市内,在紫禁城的西北,始建于辽代,历经元、明、清,一直是皇家园林。全园占地面积七十公顷,其中一半以上被称为北海的湖泊覆盖。下面是北海公园的草图。

北海Beihai/North Sea 琼华岛Jade Islet

白塔White Dagoba 牌楼memorial arch

琼岛春荫Jade Islet Spring Shade(此字为乾隆皇帝题字)

仿膳饭庄Fangshan Restaurant

濠浦涧Buildings between Hao and Pu Streams

五龙亭Five-Dragon Pavillions

九龙壁Nine-Dragon Screen

万佛阁The Tower of Ten Thousand Buddhas

静心斋Heart-Ease Study

画舫斋Studio of Colourfully-Painted Boat

参考答案

【同步达纲练习】

Ⅰ.

1.against 意为“从这项计划刚一生效,就有很多人反对它。”

2.choice 意为“我对这个问题左右为难,真是太难选了。”

3.set aside 意为“你喜欢怎么做就怎么做,不要考虑我个人的感觉。”

4.against 意为“他是一个捣蛋鬼,所做事情经常违背他父母的意愿。”

5.impress 意为“为了把它牢记在心,我每天温习它。”

Ⅱ.

1.C 见language point 6。

2.B 见language point 1。

3.A 见hot words and phrases 3。

4.C 见hot words and phrases 5。

5.B 见hot words and phrases 2。

Ⅲ.

做这一道题中的句子翻译时,你会感到确切掌握词义的重要性,因为确切掌握词义是正确理解句意的基础。如果对词义只知其一,不知其二、其三或四,就是译出汉语来,自己对译出的句子也会有不伦不类的感觉。下面是以上六题的译文答案:

1.那个年轻男子那时很为他的难产的太太着急。

anxious adj.着急,发愁 labour n. 分娩

2.我知道下星期会有空,那时找个时间见面吧。

clear adj. empty,with nothing on it空的,没有事物占据的

3.因为生产成本很高,所以价格也很高。

cost n. 成本

4.他是一个很有名的政治家,因为他很有气质。

colour n. behaviour of a person that interest the mind or eye and excite imagination气质,风采

5.布朗太太说:“亨利,你当然可以带你的女朋友来参加我们的聚会,你二十多岁了,毕竟是个成年人。可是对你,贾斯汀,我不能允许你外出去和女友约会。”

date n.约会对象;未婚异性间的约会。

6.帕垂克把那张破沙发床扔掉了,因为那床垫没有什么弹性。

spring不可数名词,弹性。

Ⅳ.

Beihai Park

Beihai Park is located in the city of Beijing.It lies to the northwest of the Forbidden City.This park began to be built in 1179(Liao dynasty)and additions were made during the following dynasties,such as the Yuan dynasty,Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty.It covers a total area of over 70 hectares,more than half of it is taken up the lake called the north sea.In the centre of the lake is an islet named Jade Islet.Atop the islet stands a beautiful white dagoba.Southeast to the dagoba is a pavillion in which stands a stele with the calligraphy by Emperor Qianlong:Jade Islet Spring Shade.On the west side of the islet lie some buildings between Hao and Pu Streams.Therefore they were named Haopujian.On the north side of the islet stands Eangshan Restaurant.Across the lake and on the side stand five beautiful pavillions connected to one another.These five pavillions are called Five-Dragon Pavillion.The Tower of Ten Thousand Buddhas is to the west of the pavillions while the Nine-Dragon Screen to the east,still further to the east is the Heart-Ease Study.East to the lake there is the studio of Colourfully-Painted Boat,where art exhibitions are often held.A white marble arched bridge leads to the islet.Opposite the bridge stands a typical Chinese-style memorial arch.All the houses,towers,pavillions are arranged in harmonious design,so this park is just like a wonderland in human society.