2. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 还在上小学时．她就在许多戏剧中扮演角色。
(1) While still a student & While she was still a student的省略形式。如果复合句中的状语从句用了“主语十 be十名词（形容词，分词）”结构，且主从句主语一致（或从句主语是it）时，可省略从句主语和动词be，而只保留从句中的其他部分。又：
Water will boil when heated. 水加热就会开。（省略了 it is）
I'11 repeat it several times, if necessary. 如果有必要，我可以重复好几遍。（省略了 it is）
(2) play roles/a role扮演角色，起作用。如：Keanu Reeves played leading roles in many films. 基努’里维斯在许多电影中扮演主角。
He played an important role in the research. 他在研究中起了重要作用。
3.During the 1980s and 1990s she won many more prizes在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代，他获得了更多奖项。
l）年代的表示法：the加上整十位数的复数形式 ( twenties 20s/20's; thirties 30s/30' s; forties 40s/40' s; fifties 50s/50' s :
These books were written in the 1830s( 1830's) . 这些书写于十九世纪三十年代。
某人“几十几岁的表示法：物主代词his，my，her，their等加上整十位数的复数形式。如：
He went to America for further education in his twenties. '他二十几岁时去美国深造。
2) many more和much more的区别
many more修饰复数名词much more修饰不可数名词。如：I have many more books than you. 我的书比你的多得多。
much more用于修饰多音节形容词或副词，还可用于修饰不可数名词。如：
This park is much more beautiful than that one. 这个公园比那个公园漂亮得多。
He has made much more progress this year than last year. 他今年的进步比去年大得多。
4.marry, get married 和 be married表结婚
Dmarry可作及物动词，后面直接接宾语；也可作不及物动词，后面常跟副词。如：
She/He is going to marry a doctor. 她／他将和一个医生结婚。 He married late. 他结婚晚。 She married well. 她嫁给了一个有钱人。
get married 和 be married为系表结构，后要加介词 to才能跟宾语。如：She was married to an English man. 她同一个英国人结了婚。
He got married to a friend of mine last year. 去年他和我的一个朋友结了婚。
2)marry,get married均表瞬时动作，不能与 for…／since等“段时间”连用。 be married表示状态，可与“段时间”连用。
如：他们结婚三十年了。 误: They have married (got married) for thirty years. 正: They have been married for thirty years.
5.This film quickly made him famous. 这部电影使他很快成名。
make在此为使役动词，意为“使（做某事）”；‘驶（成为）”。其宾语后要接补足语。补足语可为：形容词、过去分词、名词、省略to的不定式。
1)make十宾语十形容词。如：We are doing our best to make our country even stronger. 我们在努力使我们国家更加强大。
2)make十宾语十过去分词。如：He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood. 他讲得很慢，以便大家能够听懂。
3)make 十宾语十名词（短语）。如：They made him their team leader. 他们推选他当了队长。
4)make十宾语十动词原形。如：They made me do it. 他们让我做那件事。
注意：如本句型用于被动语态，不定式前必须加to。如上句的被动语态为：I was made to do it.
6.reason后的定语从句和表语从句的引导词。That 's the reason why (that, for which ) she left home.
l）定语从句：引导词在从句中作状语时，用why，that或for which 引导；作主语或宾语时，用that或which引导。如：
That 's the reason that / ( which ) he explained to us. 那就是她离家出走的原因。（作状语）
2)reason 作主语时，其后的表语从句用that引导（不可错用成 because）。如：
His health is getting worse and wore. The reason is that he drinks too much. 他的健康越来越差，原因是他喝酒太多。
7.dream的用法
1）dream是可数名词，意为“梦”时，后跟about短语作定语；意为“梦想，愿望”时，后跟of短语作定语。如：
I had a dream about some elephants last night. 我昨晚梦见了一些大象。
His dream of visiting Beijing has come true. 他去北京的愿望实现了。
2)dream 作动词时，意为“做梦，梦见”，有以下三种用法:后跟同原名词作宾语;后跟of或about引起的介词短语;后跟that从句
He dreamed a bad dream last night. 他昨晚做了场恶梦。 I often dreamed of (about ) you. 我常梦见你。
I dreamed that I could fly. 我梦见我能飞翔。
3) 表示“想到”、“向往；渴望”时，后跟of短语。如：I never dreamt of seeing you here. 我没想到会在这儿见到你。
We dream of peace. 我们渴望和平。
8. “be十不定式”的用法
1）主语为 dream， wish， idea， job，work， duty ，plan等名词时，“be to do”是系表结构，表示主语是什么。不定式表示的动作在渭语动词之后发生。如：His wish was to be a teacher．他的愿望是当一名老师。
Their plan is to finish building the house within a week. 他们的计划是在一周内完成这房子。
2）主语是“人”时，“be to do”表示主语（计划、安排）干什么。如：
I'm to meet him at the station. 我将到火车站接他。 They are to be married. 他们将要结婚。
9. by the sea 和 by sea的区别。
by the sea意为“在海边”; by sea意为“乘船，走海路”。如：
Some children are playing by the sea. 一些孩子在海边玩。 We went to Japan by sea. 我们乘船去日本。
10.take off“脱掉”；“起飞”；“很快上升”
John took off his hat as he entered the room. 约翰一边进屋子，一边脱下帽子。
The plane took off at 9 a.m. this morning. 那架飞机今晨九时起飞。
Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years. 家庭电脑的销售量近年来上升很快。
11.afraid的活用:
1)be afraid of +只作表语（一般不作定语），常用于以下句型：
be afraid of+名词／动名词（常担心不良后果，尤其是用于某事的发生是出乎以外的，或这事的发生不是我们所希望或乐意的，这时只能用 be afraid of doing）。如：I'm afraid of dogs. 我害怕狗。 He was afraid of failing in the exam. 他害怕考试不及格。
I'm afraid of making mistakes when I speak English. 我讲英语时总是怕出错。
2)be afraid to do常指害怕而没胆量去做 He was afraid to go back home alone in the evening. 晚上他害怕独自回家。
3)be afraid for“为……担心”。如：I'm afraid for your health. 我为你的健康担心。
4)be afraid that意为“认为，恐怕”等，用于有礼貌地表达可能令人不愉快的信息。如：I'm afraid that we can't come. 恐怕我们不能来。
12.way的几种后置定语形式。
This is the best way to improve our English. 的后置定语有以下几种形式：
l）以不定式作定语。如：There is only one way of doing the work well. 这是提高我们英语水平的最好方法。
He was pleased with the way she had accepted his gifts. 只有一种能把这件事做好的方法。
13.in the end和 at the end的区别
1) 表示“最终”、“终于”时，两者之间没有明显区别，通常可以互换。如：
In the end/At the end we find out the secret. 我们终于发现了这个秘密。
I hope everything will turn out all right in the end/at the end. 我希望最终一切都会顺利。
2)at the end后面常接 of介词短语，表示“在……的尽头；在……的末端”。In the end 的后面不能跟 Of短语。如：
At the end of the road you will find the hospital.在这条路的尽头，你会找到那家医院的。
I went to Paris at the end of last year. 我去年年底去了巴黎。
8. owe的多重含义
1)owe既可作“欠钱”、“负债”解，又可作“感激”、“感谢”讲，其后可跟双宾语，间接宾语放后时要用to引导。如：
He owes his father 100 dollars(He owes 100 dollars to his father ) . 他欠他父亲 100美元。
I owe my teachers a lot (I owe a lot to my teachers) . 我很感谢众位老师。
2) 作“把……归功于”时，用 owe sth to sb（sth）结构。如： We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。
He owes his success to luck. 他把成功归功于运气。
15.take one's place“代替”、“入座”
Take one’s place作“代替”讲时，可用 take the place of替换。如：Who will take Mr. Smith's place? 谁来代替史密斯先生呢？
Take one’s place作“代替”讲时,可用 take the place of替换。 We had no one to take the place of John. 我们没有谁能代替约翰的工作。
Shall we take our places at the table? 我们入席吧？
16.escape和run away的区别。
escape可作及物动词（后跟名词、动名词）和不及物动词。如：They are trying to escape punishment. 他们在尽量逃脱惩罚。
The soldier managed to escape being caught. 那个士兵没法逃脱了被抓获。
Some people escaped from the burning building. 一些人从燃烧着的大楼中逃了出来。
run away是个不及物动词短语，表示“不辞而别，逃走”，在口语中常可与 escape互换。如：
The boy often runs away from school. 那男孩经常逃学。 As soon as the thief saw us, he ran away. 小偷一看见我们就逃跑了。
17. determine to do 和be determined to do的区别
1) 二者都表示“决定（干某事）”，稍有不同的是：determine to do强调动作；be determined to do说明一种状态，表示“已下定了坚定不移的决心”。如：He determined to go abroad. 他决定出国。 He was determined to go abroad. 他下了决心要出国。
2)determine是非延续动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用；be determined是一种延续状态，可与时间段连用。如：他决定做此事已经很久了。误：He determined to do it for a long time.正：He was determined to do it for a long time.
【语法点评］一、浅谈“介词十关系代词”所引导的定语从句
要掌握“介词十关系代词”所引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下三点：
一、关系代词的选用 在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. 这是我去上海所乘坐的船。
This is the student for whom I bought the book. 这是我给买书的那个学生。
二、介词的选用 “介词十关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：
1． 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。如：
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我给说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
2．根据先行词来确定介词。如：In his room, we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books. 在他的屋子里，我看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。(on the table)
Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. 昨天我们开了一个会，会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at the meeting)