g1Unit 14 Festivals

发布时间:2016-8-18编辑:互联网

目标导引

1.单元词汇及短语

allow, festival, celebrate, get together, greet, in common, believe in, as well as, light, share one’s hope, spend, in other words, care about, play tricks on, take in, host.

2.单元句型

1) We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.

2) There seems to be no other choice.

3) So that 引导目的的状语从句

4) It’s your turn to create a festival.

核心知识

重点词汇及短语

(1)allow v 准许,允许

1) 不允许“在某处做某事”,应说Smoking is not allowed here. 不应说It is not allowed to smoke here.

2) allow doing sth . 是允许做某事。

eg . They should not allow taking the books out of the reading room.

他们不应允许把书带出阅览室。

3) allow sb . to do sth . 允许某人做某事。

eg . Who allows you to do that ?

谁允许你那样做的?

allow 后只接动名词作宾语,不接不定式;但接不定式做宾补。

试题:

1)Everyone does not allow ______ here.

A. to smoke B. smoke

C. smoked D. smoking

2)How many days are you allowed _______?

A. to smoke B. smoke

C. smoked D. smoking

答案  1)D  2)A

(2)get together 聚会

get together for a friendly chat 聚在一起闲话家常

get together with sb. to discuss a problem 与某人聚在一起讨论问题

构成词组get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事

get down to 开始认真注意

get in 到达

get on 上车

get off 下车

get over 克服困难

get out 出去

试题:改错

1)My teacher got me do so.

2)The boy got burnt on his way home by them.

3)To get off the bus and got on a car.

4)They got to home at six yesterday.

5)It was getting darkness.

解析: 

1)在do 前加上to. get 虽然也作使役动词用,但接不定式作宾补时,to不能省略。

2)by them 去掉。在“主语 + get + 过去分词 +(其他)”句型中,显著特点是过去分词后一般不能有“by + 施动者”,这时get 相当于be.

3)on改为into, get on(off) 指上下车,通常用于相对位置高一些的交通工具。如指小轿车,则用get out(into).

4)去掉to, “get to + 名词”表示“到达某地”,但在home, there, here, where 前不加to,因为它们是副词。

5)darkness改为dark, get 可作连系动词“变得,成为”,后常接形容词。

(3)greet υ.

1) 欢迎,迎接

eg. He greeted her guests at the door. 他在门口迎接她的客人。

2)(指景象或声音)映入眼帘或入耳

eg. The view that greeted us at the top of the hill is so beautiful. 在山顶上收入我们眼底的景色真是美极了。

名词形式是greeting, 问候a greetings telegram 贺电

(4)in common 共同的,其中common 是名词

eg. These two books have very little in common. 这两本书没有什么共同点。

common 还是形容词,意思是“普通的,一般的,平凡的”。

be common to sb. 对…是常见的

eg. Tom’s trouble is very common to the boys these days. 汤姆学些天遇到的麻烦对这些男孩来说是常见的。

(5)believe in 信任,信仰(真理,宗教,原则等)

eg. We believe in the Marxist theory. 我们信仰马克思主义理论。

比较:I believe him. 和I believe in him.

试题:

解析 I believe him. 相当于I believe what he said (我相信他说的话)。而I believe in him. 则是相当于I believe that he is a good man(我相信他的为人是好的)。

believe接从句,如果所接宾语从句含有否定意义,通常不否定从句而否定believe, 这种用法的词还有think, suppose, imagine, expect 等。

eg. I don’t believe that he is in the office, but I’ll go and see. 我相信他不在办公室,但我还是要去看看。

believe 一般不用于进行时。这类词还guess, realize, understand, suppose, know, remember 等。

2)翻译:我相信你不对。I don’t believe that you are right.

(6) as well as

意思是not only 不仅仅,如:She is beautiful as well as clever. 她不仅聪明,而且漂亮。当as well as 接动词时,通常用动名词。如:As well as playing the violin, he can draw pictures. 他不仅能拉小提琴,还能画画。

as well as 和… 一样好 如:I don’t sing as well as you . 我没有你唱得好。

连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词和前面的名词一致。如:Tom as well as his parents likes music very much.

试题:

He as well as you _________ some books from our school library.

A.borrows B. borrow C. have borrowed D. has borrowed

解析 谓语动词和he一致。

答案 D

(7)…by lighting a candle each day

…通过每天点一支蜡烛的方式

这里的light 是动词,“点燃,点着”的意思;另还有“照亮”之意。

eg. 1)He lights a stove in the living-room every winter. 每年冬天他都在卧室里生炉子。

  2) The street is lit by electricity. 街道有电灯照明。

Lighted和lit同为light的过去分词,lighted较常用作前置定语,如:lighted candle 点燃的蜡烛。而lit作为light的过去式,则常用作谓语。

eg. Suddenly a smile lit up her face.

突然她的脸上露出高兴的表情。

  lit 不能换作 light. light up 是“照亮”或“露出高兴的表情”之意。

light 作名词用,是指光,光线;灯;火柴,打火机等。

eg.

1)The sun gives light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。

2)Please turn off the light. 请把灯关上。

3)Do you have a light? 你有火儿吗?

还可以作形容词,是指轻的;轻松的;浅色的;明亮的等意思。

eg.

1)He gave me a light pat on the shoulder. 他在我肩上轻拍了一下。

2)a light room. 光线充足的房间

3)light blue. 淡蓝色

(8)share one’s hope 与某人有共同的希望

此处的share 意思是“与别人共有某物”,类似的词组还有share one’s belief, faith, optimism, 与某人有共同信仰、信念、乐观态度。

share 分享,分担,均分;share (in)分享某事(某物)。

eg.

1)The grandmother is sharing the eggs among the boys. 祖母把鸡蛋分给男孩子们。

2)We share a small room between us. 我们俩合用一个小房间。

  share 作名词用,“一份”或者是“股份”。

3)Let me take a share in the expenses. 这些费用让我来出一份。

4)He owns 500 shares of the company. 他拥有寻家公司的500股股份。

(9)in other words

换言之,换句话说

   eg. We are getting on well now, in other words, we are becoming good friends.

     我们现在相处得很好,也就是说我们正在成为好朋友。

     word 构成的一些常用词组:

     in a word 总之,简言之

     get in a word 插话

keep one’s word 信守诺言

     have a word with sb. 和某人说句话

试题:改错

 1)A word came that their headmaster would soon visit our school.

2)Can you spare me a few minutes? I want to have words with you.

3)Can you keep your words?

解析 

1)不定冠词“a”去掉,word作“消息”讲,前面不加任何冠词,也没有复数形式。

2)words改成a word, have words with sb. 是“与某人争吵”的意思。

3)words 改成word或promise, 信守诺言可用keep one’s promise, 也可用keep one’s word, 但word 不能加复数。

答案 1)a word 改为word;2)words 改为a word; 3)words 改为word / promise

(10)care about 关心,在乎

eg. She doesn’t care about anything we may say.

我们说什么她都不在乎。

care for 则是“喜欢,照顾”的意思。

eg. 1)She doesn’t care for films. 她不喜欢电影。

  take care of 照顾,保管

  2)The orphan is taken good care of now. 那个孤儿现在得到了很好的照顾。

(11)play tricks on

捉弄某人,开某人的玩笑 也作play a trick on sb.

eg. These boys like playing tricks on their teacher.

这些男孩子喜欢捉弄他们的老师。

  trick 名词

eg. He did things with a dirty trick. 他做事情用卑鄙手法。

   trick作动词“哄骗,欺骗”:trick sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事

  eg. Mother tricked me into taking my medicine.

母亲骗我服了药。

   trick sb. out of sth. 骗某人某物

  eg. He tricked her out of her money. 他骗了她的钱。

试题:

He often ________ tricks on me.

A. haves B. takes

C. makes D. plays

答案   D

(12)take sb. in

在本单元中是“欺骗”之意。

eg.

1) He was completely taken in. 他完全上当了。

2)He was badly taken in when he bought that second-hand car. 他购买那辆旧汽车时,大大地受骗了。

take sb. in 还有“接受,收容”的意思。

eg. He was homeless, so we took him in . 他无家可归,我们收容了他。

此外,take sth. in 还有“吸收,”;“包含,包括”;“理解,领会”之意。

eg.

1)His lecture took in all the recent developments in the subject. 他的讲座包含了这个课题的所有最新进展。

2)They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder. 他们听了我的课,但是我不知道他们领会了多少。

(13)host υ.主办,主持

eg. Beijing will host the 28th Olympic Games. 第二十八届奥运会将在北京举行。

host n. “(款待客人的)主人”,hostess 则是“女主人”

eg. He acted as host at the dinner party yesterday evening. 他是昨晚宴会的主人。

同义词辨析

(1)gift, present

作为名词,gift和present都有“礼物”的意思。gift指特别郑重其事地赠送给个人、团体、组织的礼物;present没有gift那种郑重之意,指赠送给朋友或其他的人,价值不高的礼物。

eg.

1)It is a gift given by American government in 1972.

这是美国政府1972年送的一件礼物。

2)I received a lot of presents on my birthday.

  生日那天我接受了很多礼物。

另gift有“天赋,天才”之意,如have a gift for art/languages:有艺术(语言)天赋。

(2)create, invent

create 表“创造”,是使某物得以存在,形成或产生;invent表“发明”,是利用人的才智发明出新的事物。

eg.

1)Writer create their characters through their pens.

作家们用他们的笔创造人物。

2)Do you know who invented car?

你知道认发明的汽车?

(3)common, general, ordinary, usual

common主要的含义是“常见的”,“不足为奇”,也有“共有”的意思。

eg. The milu deer is a kind of deer that used to be common in China long ago. 说心里话麋鹿是很久以前在中国非常常见的一种鹿。

1.ordinary 是指平常的,无特殊之处的。

eg. He is in a ordinary dress. 他穿着一件普通衣服。

2.usual是指从时间和频率上讲通常发生的事情或已形成的习惯。

eg. Thunder is the usual sign of a coming storm.

雷声通常是暴雨来的信号。

3.general大众化的、大体的,笼统的。

eg. Do you know the general idea of this article?

你知道这篇文章的大意吗?

另:generally speaking 一般说来。

general作名词用,是“将军”的意思。

试题:填空

1) As ________, he arrived early and started to work at once.

2) The government answered the problems of ________ concern.

3) We have the ________ interests.

4) She is in her ________ wearing though it’s her birthday.

答案  1)usual 2)general 3)common 4)ordinary

(4) spend, cost, take, pay

四个词都有“花费”的意思,但用法各异:spend 主语往往只能是人,构成两个常用句型spend…(in) doing sth.“在做某事上花时间”,spend…on“在…上花时间、金钱”。

eg. 1) We spent two hours in finding his house.

我们花了两个小时才找到他的家。

 2)I spent five yuan on the book.这本书我花了五快钱。

1.cost:主语是物,构成句型sth. cost sb. some time or some money 某物花了某人时间或钱

eg. The book cost me five yuan. 这本书花了我五块钱。

2.take常用作形式主语,也可以是其他的物,不能是人,句型:It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。

eg. It took me two hours to clean the classroom.

打扫教室花了我两个小时。

3.pay主语是人,pay…for为…付款

eg. I paid two yuan for the book. 这本我付了两块钱。

试题:用spend, cost, take, pay 填空

1) The dictionary ________ me fifty yuan.

2) He _________ three months writing the book.

3) It _______ him three months to write the book.

4) I _______ two dollars _______ the gift.

答案 1)cost 2)spent 3)took 4)paid; for

(5)be able to ,can

两者均有“能够”的含意,通常可以互换使用。

1) be able to 表示有能力并且做成了某事,强调结果,强调确实使用了这种能力,可以用于各种时态。如:

Will you be able to attend the meeting? 你能参加会议吗?

He has not been able to get there before dark. 他没能在天黑前赶到那里。

2)can仅仅表示有能力做某事,但不一定做成,它只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:

He said he could swim across the river. 他说他能游过这条河。

(6) used to, be used to do 和 be used to doing

1)used to 表示过去的习惯性动作,过去如此,现在不再这样了。常译作“过去常常”。如:

He used to play basketball when he was young. 他年轻的时候常常打篮球。

There used to be an apple tree here. 过去这儿曾经有棵苹果树。

2)be used to do 表示“被用来做某事”。如:

Wood is often used to make desks and chairs. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。

3)be used to doing/n. 表示“习惯于”某一客观事实或状态,不强调动作,to是介词,后面接名词或动名词。如:

He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。

She is not used to eating Chinese food. 她不习惯吃中餐。

(7)believe, believe in

1)believe表示“相信”某事或某人所主的话;或“认为”、“想”。如:

You can’t believe anything she says. 你不能想念她所说的任何事情。

The police didn’t believe him/his account of the accident. 警方不相信他/他对事故的陈述。

I believe they are getting married. 我看他们就要结婚了。

2)believe in 表示“相信……的存在”、“信仰”、“信任”。如:

Do you believe in fairies? 你相信有神仙吗?

Christians believe in Jesus. 基督徒信仰耶稣。

(8)while, when 和 as

三者均可引导时间状语从句,但含义不尽相同。

1) while表示时段或过程,强调主句与从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在,所以while从句必须用延续性动词。如:

while I was in New York, I met him twice. 当我在纽约时,我见过他两次。

2) when既可表示时段,又可表示时点,因此,它有时可与while通用,有时则不可。如:

when/while I was busy in the kitchen, someone knocked at the door. 当我正在厨房里忙的时候,有人敲门。

When I woke up, mom was preparing breakfast. 当我醒来时,妈妈正在准备早餐。(此句中when不能用while代替,因为when I woke up 表示一个时点,而不是时段。)

3) as 常与when,while通用,但它更侧重主句与从句的行为同时发生,常译作“随着……”或“一边……一边……”。如:

As you grow, you know more and more. 随着年龄的增长,你的知识越来越丰富。

She was singing as she was walking. 她边走边唱。

(9)care about, care for 和 take care of

1) care about sth.的意思是认为某物很重要。如:

She doesn’t care about money. 她不看重金钱。

I don’t care about what people think. 我不在乎别人怎么想。

2) care for 的意思是“喜欢”(一般用于否定句和疑问句),“照料”。如:

I don’t really care for tea; I like coffee better.

我并不怎么喜欢喝茶,我更喜欢喝咖啡。

Would you care for a drink? 你想喝点什么吗?

I am glad to see that you are being well cared for.

看到你得到很好的照料,我非常高兴。

3) take care of 意为“照料”。如:

We will take care of you when you are old. 你年纪大了,我们来照料你。

She asked her secretary to take care of the travel arrangement. 她要她的秘书负责照料旅行的事宜。

重点难点解析

must, have to 和 have got to 的用法

(1) must是情态动词。它只能用于现在时和将来时(过去时用had to 代替)。Must与动词原形连用,可以表示义务和语气较强的劝告。

否定式:must not/mustn’t

疑问式:must I? 等

否定疑问式:must I not?/mustn’t I? 等

You must get up earlier in the morning. 你早晨必须起早一点。

You must take more exercise. Join a squash club. 你应该多锻炼。参加一个壁球俱乐部吧。

(2) have to 表示“必须”,“不得不”。可以用于各种时态。如:

I have to go to work every day except Sunday. But I don’t have to work a full day on Saturday. 除了星期天外我必须每天去上班,但星期六我不必干一整天。

(3)must表示说话人的主观看法;而have to 则表示客观需要。如:

Mother: You must wipe your feet when you come in. 母亲:你进屋前必须先足掉鞋上的土。

Little boy: I have to wipe my feet every time I come in. 小男孩:我每次进屋前都得先足掉鞋上的土。

(4)在口语中,可以用have got to 代替 have to.如:

It’s getting late. I’m afraid I’ve got to go. 天晚了,恐怕我得走了。

口语交际

(一)感谢帮助

1. Thank you very much. That was thoughtful of you. 十分感谢您。您真是细心周到。

2. I know that you went out of your way. Thank you. 我知道您已经给我额外的帮助了。谢谢。

3. Thank you for helping us move. You were a big help. 谢谢您帮我们搬家。这可帮了我们一个大忙。

4. We want to take you out to show our appreciation. 我们想请你吃一顿饭,以表达对你的谢意。

5. Without your help, the job would have never been completed. 那时候,要是没有您的帮忙,工作便无法完成了。

6. Why don’t you come by the house? The beer is on me. Thank you again for all that you have done.何不顺路到我家坐坐?我请你喝啤酒。再次谢谢你为我们所做的一切。

7. without you, it would have never been possible. Thank you. 没有你,事情根本就无法办好。谢谢你。

8. Many thanks for the favor you did for me! 谢谢你给我的一切帮助!

(二)禁止、不允许

1. stop talking. 禁止讲话!

2. Don’t touch it! You will burn your hand.别碰!会烫伤手的。

3. You shouldn’t go through a red light.你不应该闯红灯。

4. You mustn’t speak English that way. 你不准那样说英语。

5. You can’t play in the street.你不能在街上玩耍。

6. Nobody is allowed to hunt here.此处禁止打猎。

7. Keep off the grass!勿踏草地!

8. No spitting!禁止随地吐痰!

9.No bike riding!禁止骑车!

10.No Parking here!此处禁止停车!

11.Don’t litter the ground with paper.不要随地乱扔纸屑。

12.Not open to visitors.谢绝参观。

13.Please do not disturb.请勿打扰。