g1Unit 7 Cultural relics

发布时间:2016-7-2编辑:互联网

教学目的和要求

(Teaching aims and demands)

类别

课程标准要求掌握的项目

话题

1. Talk about Cultural relics

2. Talk about ways to protect cultural relics

3. Giving advice and make suggestions

功能

提出意见和建议(Giving advice & Make suggestions)

What shall we…? Maybe we could…

Shall we…? I’d like to…

Can’t we…? What/How about… ?

Should we…? Why don’t you…?

Let’s… Why not…?

词汇

cultural pyramid represent include ruin burn restore rebuild beauty photograph portrait recreate unite artist period vase stone damage ancient project brick official cave pollution carbon breath limit sincerely

give in in ruins bring …back to life pull down set up

语法

被动语态(1)

1. 描述事物已经受到某种影响或某种处理__使用现在完成时被动语态。例如:

Now, after years of hard work, parts of statues have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced.

Old paintings, …,have been carefully recreated, and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.

2. 描述人物已经被动地接受某种行为或某种处理__使用现在完成时被动语态。例如:

The sick woman has been sent to hospital, and now you can‘t visit her.

Jack has been told about it , so you needn‘t call him up.

教学重点与难点

第一部分

重点1   ☆☆☆

It may be sent into space so that …它可能被送入太空以便………

(1)space 在此是不可数名词,空间、太空,再如:

The Russians were the first to send a man into space.

苏联人首先将人(类)送入太空。

(2)space也有可数名词形式,空隙、间隙,如:

Leave a space after each word.

每一个单词后面必须留一个间隔。

There is not a space for the car in the park.

停车场没有这辆车(停靠)的空位置。

重点2  ☆☆☆☆

  List the names and the importance of the site ,and what is being done to protect them.

列举一些名字如(它的)场所重要性的一面,且说出保护这些遗址该干些什么。

  List 在此是动词,“列表,造表”.e.g.

The books are listed by alphabetically.

这些书是按字母顺序编入目录的。

List 作名词表示“清单,一览”e.g.

Mrs smith always makes a list of things she must do so as not to forget.

史密斯太太总将要做的事列在单子上,以免忘记。

重点3  ☆☆☆

  work in pairs to prepare a “Chinese Cuiture capsuie.”每两个同学一组准备一个关于“中国文化航天舱”的对话。

Prepare 为及物动词,可接名词、动词不定式作宾语。

e.g. I will return in time for you to prepare lunch.

我会准时回来为你做午餐。

She is preparing the new lessons with other teachers.

她正在同其他老师一起准备新课(备课工作)。

同时,prepars 还可构成prepare sb.sth. 或 prepare sb .to do sth.

e.g. Mother is preparig me a meal.

妈妈在为我准备饭。

The teacher is preparing the students to do the experiments.

老师正在为学生做实验做准备。

重点4  ☆☆☆

  You can seiect five things that represent Chinese cuiture.

你可以挑选出5件象征中国文化的事情。

Represent 在此是及物动词,“代表、象征、等于、标志”。

e.g. The rose represents England and red flag China.

玫瑰是英国的象征而红旗象征中国。

Comma represents short pause.

逗号代表短暂停顿。

Represents things unknown 代表 未知。

此句中five things 是引导从句的先行词,因此,在定语从句中作主语时要将

represent视为复数形式。

重点5   ☆☆☆☆

You may also include a short message in any language in a box ……你也可以加上一条短信息在文化舱内,哪种语言都行……

Include vt.(及物动词)包括,包含,后接名词或代词。

e.g. Does the price include VAT?

这价钱是否包括增值税在内?

The tour includes a visit to the Great Wall.

观光点中包括参观长城这一项目。

Include可接动名词。

e.g. Your duties include puttihg the children to bed.你的工作(同样)包括发孩子就寝。

在线课堂

(1)space表示“太空、空间”,多用作不可数名词,而“间隙、间隔”有可数和不可数两种形式:

in space 在太空,在空间(不要带任何冠词)

outer space 外层空间

There are millions of stars in space moving continusously.

太空中有数以百万计的星星在不停的运动。

He was staring into space.他极目远眺。

(2)room 作不可数名词,也表示“空位、余地”,指可腾出的有限地方,而space则表示宽阔、空旷的空地方。

e.g.There is not enough space in the class for thirty desks.

教室腾不出可容30张桌子这么大的空间。

The computer table table takes too much room .这张电脑桌太占地方了。

要点记忆

1.☆☆☆☆ 本课时包括听说两部分,谈论人类的文化遗产(址),有些词法和句法用于逐图谈论的,要可以着重了解。

2.☆☆☆☆ 及物动词include 可接名词、代词和动名词作宾语,表示“包括,包含”,但包括者是整体中的一部分。同时,including 可视为现在分词,起补充说明作用;也可视为介词,后接名词。

3.☆☆☆ space 用作太空、空间,不同冠词连用,即in /into space,指较大空间;而room 是指可利用的有限空间。Space也可用于可数名词,表示“间隙、间隔”;room 用于可数名词,表示“房间”。Protect这个及物动词可接名词作宾语,但多用于protect sb./sth .against/trom sth.(doing sth.)结构,“保护某人/某物不让其……”。Prepare可接名词、代词、动词不定式作宾语或用prepare sb .sth .表示正在做某事:而prepare …for 表示准备未发生的事情。Be prepared for 表示“作好了准备”,是一个状态结构。

4.☆☆ choose,select,pick out 三个“选择”“挑选”意义的词,可以接宾语。Select 是从一大堆(物)材料中精选一些可用的东西,choose 则表示“如何做出决定去选”,一般不指选择对象的多少,pick out 则带有随意性。

第二部分

重点1  ☆☆

What cuitural relics are there in the place where you live?

在你生活的地方有什么文化遗迹吗?

Where you live 是一个定语从句,修饰名词place.

e.g. Do you know the Summer Palace where you have some color pictures taken?

你叫别人照了一些颐和园的彩照,你了解它吗?

Desert is a place where there is no water.

沙漠是没有水的地方。

以上两例中,the Summer Palace 和place是地点名词,在从句中作状语,定语从句用where 或介词+which 引导。

重点2  ☆☆

The Neva River flows through the center of St Petersburg in Russia.

涅瓦河从俄罗斯的圣彼德堡市中心流过。

Through介词,从……(内部)穿过,自始至终,完成

We traveled two months through the forest.我们在森林中穿行了两个月。

The sunlight was coming in through the window.阳光从窗户那边射进来。

Did you read the book through?

你已读完了这本书吗?

重点3  ☆☆☆

They often looken like something out of a fairytale.(这结宫殿)他们看起来好像某种从童话故事中来的东西(给人以想像)。

句中something out of a fairytale相当于something that came out of a fairytale into your life.

Fairytale 童话,神话故事。再如:

Tell me the truth,please; I don’t want any more of your fairytales(fairy storles).把真相告诉我,我不想再跟你胡诌了。

重点4  ☆☆☆☆

In 1941,the Germans tried to destroy the city.1941年,德国人试图毁坏这座城市。

Destroy 在此为及物动词(vt),指毁来性的破坏、毁坏,没有名词形式。

e.g. The hurricane(飓风)destroyed the whole village.飓风把整个村子给毁坏了。

The whole city was destroyed.in the earth quake.整个城市在地震中毁掉了。

All his hopes were now destroyed.

他的一切希望都破灭了。

重点5 ☆☆☆☆

St Petersburg was almost in rulns.圣彼德堡市差不多成了废墟。

(be)in ruins 严重受损、破败不堪,再如:

Her career is in left the whole town in ruins.

地震过后,全城到处是断壁颓垣。

重点6  ☆☆☆☆

But people of the city never gave in . (尽管圣彼德堡市受攻90天)但市民从没屈服过。

But people of the great city would not give up .

但是这个伟大城市的市民是不会入弃(修复和重建)工作的。

课文中这两句出现了两个重要的短语:

give in (to sb.)屈服于,对……让步,投降

give up (doing sth.)放弃

e.g. I give up ;tell me the answer to the question.我认输,请告诉我答案吧!

The enemy were forced to give in.

敌人被迫投降。

重点7  ☆☆☆☆

We would do everything we can to save our city.

我们会尽我们所能来挽救(圣彼德堡)我们的城市。

句中we can 是省略了谓语动词的定语从句,即:

that we can do 我们能做的优先化事情,由于与主用同一谓语动词,为了避免重复,可以省掉,并不是情态动词后可接带to 的动词不定式。主句为We would do everything to save our city,定语从句由everything 引导省略了引导词that,再如:She did everything she could to help me.

重点8  ☆☆☆☆

Pleces of the palaces that had been hidden befor Germans came could now be used torebuild the city.

德国人到来之前就藏好的宫廷物品又可以在重建该市时选用起来。

That had been hidden 是定语从句,修饰pleces of the palaces(已被隐藏起来的)是过去完成时的被动语态,即 had been done 结构。例如:

Many temples in China had been destroyed by the Japanese before liberation.解放前,中国许多寺庙已被日本人毁掉了。

重点9  ☆☆☆☆

When they were trying to bring the city back to life.

当他们尽量使该市恢复原样的时候。

…the people of st Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their cuiture and history.

圣彼德堡市的市民有能力使他们美丽的文化和历史复苏。

  Bring back 送回,使恢复健康,使回忆。

Bring sth .back …to life使苏醒,使活泼,使生动。

Professor Carl now brings his classes back to life.卡尔教授的课现在讲得非常生动。

  The doctors brought her back to life after a week’s treatment.经过一周的治疗后,医生使她苏醒过来了。

重点10  ☆☆☆☆

  Now ,after years of hard work ,parts of statues have been put back together and missing pleces have been replaced.

如今,经过了几年的辛勤劳动,部分雕像已恢复了原样,丢失的残片都已物归原处。

这个句子谈的是现在的情况(圣彼德堡市),而被损的雕像和残片已被恢复原样,动作已经完成,部分雕像和失踪的残片作主语,应用被动语态,故用现在完成时的被动语态。在此,replace与put sth.back同义,避免重复使用。

在线课堂

(1)place在此句中是可数名词,“地方、地点”。

e.g.One can’t be in two places once.

一个人不可能同时出现在两地。

I sat on the right place at table.

吃饭时,我坐右边(上座)。

(2)与之相应的短语多用不可数名词,“位置”。

In place在(应该在)适当的位置

Take place(=happen)发生

In place of 代替

Take one’s place=take the place of sb .取代某人(座位、职务)

Take the first place蠃得第一。

e.g. Don’t put your books here and there.They should be in place.

不要把你的书到处乱放,该放在哪儿就放在哪儿(整齐放好)。

要点记忆

1.☆☆☆☆  (1)本阅读课文中出现了destroy 和ruin,而下一课文中又出现了damage,都作动词时,损害和损毁的程度从damage,destroy 到ruin 由轻到重。Damage是轻微损坏,destroy 是毁坏,而ruin则毁坏到了废墟的地步。Damage 和ruin 可作名词,damage用作不可数名词,ruin 用作可数名词和(be )in ruins结构。

(2)短语give up 是“放弃”的意思,give in (to sb.)是“让步、屈服、投降”的意思,而give out 是“用尽、分发、拿出”的意思,give away 则是“捐献、泄露”,give off 是(光、热、气)等发出来的意思。

(3)省略句do sth .you can to do sth 或do sth .as …as you can to do 中can 后面省略了与主句同样的动词。

  (4)hide 是及物动词,表示“使……躲起来”,不及物动词表示“躲藏”。注意用于hide sb./sth.或 hide oneself 结构。

(5)bring sth./sb.back to life短语,“使活泼、生动、恢复”的意思,而bring sth./sb .back有“送回、恢复健康、使回忆”的意思。

(6)replace表示将某物放回原处,相当于put sth.back ,但replace还有“代替某人/某事、取代”的意思。

2.☆☆☆ look like 和look as if 或 look as though 都有“看起来好像”的意思,like 后接名词,而as if 和as thouth 必须接从句。

3.☆☆ (1)名词place 表示“空间”,是不可数名词,与room不同的是place指较广阔的空间,而room 指可利用的空间,表示“间隔”时place有可数名词形式,而room 则表示“房间”。

(2)介词 through 表示从某物内部穿过,across 从一端到另一端表面通过,over 是“穿越”的意思。

第三部分

重点1 ☆☆☆

Shally ran into the house and saw that the beautiful vase lay in pleces on the ground.

雪莉冲进房子,看到美丽的花瓶已摔成碎片,满地皆是。

(1)run into some place向(某空间)冲进去。

He ran to the hospital, went upstair and rushed into the ward.

他跑向医院,上了楼房,然后冲进了病房。

(2)run to do sth.跑去干……

We ran to help her out of the ditch. 我们跑过去帮忙她从水沟上来。

(3)run away 是不及物动词短语“跑掉”之意。

Don’t run away ,I have something to tell you.不要跑了,我有事要告诉你。

重点2  ☆☆☆

The king wished to pull down the city wall and to repiace it by a stone bullding.

国王想要拆掉旧城墙,用一个石头建筑物取而代之。

Pull sth .down /pull down sth .是“拆毁”的意思,其反义短语是:

Pull ……out of 把……拉出来。

Pull ……up from 把……拉上来。

e.g. Let’t pull the net out of the water.让我们把网从水中拉出。

The children pulled the boat up from the fiver.小孩把船从河里拉了上来。

重点3  ☆☆☆☆

Villagers are worried part of their history will be lost.

村民们担心他们的一段历史会丢失。

I am very worried about it because some of the cave palntings have been destroyed by the air pollution.我极其担忧这个遗址,因为(有些)部分的洞壁雕像已被空气污染毁坏。

Part of sth.指不可分割的一部分或较大的一部分。

A part of sth .指一小部分,例如:

Talwan is part of China .台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。

Part of the building has been destroyed by the fire.

大火烧毁了楼房的部分地方。

We walked a good part of the way.

我们走了一大半路程。(good/better指较多的,较大的)

重点4 ☆☆☆☆

So far , more than 200,000 old bricks have been returned,but two million such bricks are needed for the repairs.

到目前为止,已有20万块旧砖被送回来,但仍需2百万用于维修。

 Far 在此句里是副词性,其比较级和最高级结构有两种:

Farther, farthest 专指距离的远。

Further ,furthest 指抽象的意义,更深一层,更进一步,也可指距离。

e.g. –How far have you walked?你已走了多远?

――Only 20 miles,though we could walk farther.

只有20英里,尽管不应走这么短。

重点5  ☆☆☆

The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings.

他们呼出的二氧化碳一直在损坏那些壁画。

Breath 是名词,“呼吸、气息”,有可数和不可数两种形式。

e.g. Take a deep breath.深深地吸一口气。

Take breath 歇一歇,喘口气

Hold one’s breath 屏息,弊住气

Out of breath 上气不接下气

e.g. Out of breath,they stopped at the top of mountain.

他们在山顶停下来时,已是上气不接下气。

He took a deep breath and then dove into the water.

他深深地吸了一口气,然后跳入水里。

重点6  ☆☆☆☆

When we read,we needn’t know every word阅读时,我们并不需要知道每个单词的意思。

2.million old bricks are needed for the repalrs.还需要2百万块旧砖来进行复原维修。

第一句 need 是情态动词(无人称和数的变化,不带to ),第二句need 是实义动词(有人称、数、时态的变化)。

作情态动词多用于否定句和疑问句中,例如:

She needn’t go at once.

----Need I do that right now?

----Yes,you must.(--No,you needn’t)

重点7  ☆☆☆☆

现在完成时的被动语态的用法。

 其固定结构是have(has )been done,是由现在完成时have (has )done和一般现在时被动语态be done 共同构成的。E.g.

The work is done every day.

The have done the work.

The work has been done.

在线课堂

run into除表示“向……地方跑去”外,还有些常见的用法。

(1)run into sth.遇到或撞及某物

e.g. I ran into a thick fog in the airport in the morning.

一大早,我在机场遇到浓雾。

The motorcar went out of control and ran into a shop .

摩托车失控了,冲进了一家商店。

She ran her into a tree while reversing.

她倒车时,撞着了一棵树。

(2)run into sb.偶然碰到,(使汽车)撞及某人

e.g. I ran into an old school friend at the supermaket this morning.

早上我在超市碰到了一个老同学。

The thief rna into a policeman.小偷撞上了警察。

He didn’t expect to run into so many of his friends.

He did’t expect to run into so many of his friends.

他没料到会碰到这么多的朋友。

针刺破了她的手指。

要点记忆

1. ☆☆☆☆ (1)need 作实义动词有各种形式(有人称、数、量才而为变化),构成不定与疑问结构可借助do ,did,does;作情态动词无形式变化,只用于否定句式疑问句中;在疑问句中,其肯定回答是must,否定回答是needn’t .也可用于if 和whether引导的条件句中的肯定结构。

(2)worry 作及物动词,构成 sth ,worry sb ,sb worry oneself 结构,作不及物动词可以单独使用,也可以接介词about 接宾语,在系表结构中,be worried 可接that 从句,也可接about sth ./sb.

(3)so far 表示时间,“到目前为止”,与完成时态连用。Sb /as far as …意为据……,就……。而by far 多修饰比较级和最高级用来加强语气。

2.☆☆☆  (1)run into 后可接某地,表“跑进去”;run into sb.意为撞着,偶然遇到;run into sth.遇到,撞着某物。

(2)pull 一词意义是拉,pull……out of /from 把……从拉上来/出来。反义词 push,sth.down拆毁。

(3)breath 作名词,构成take a deep breath 深深吸了一口气,hold one’s breath 屏息,out of breath 上气不接下气。Take breath 歇一歇,喘口气。而breathe 既可以是及物动词,又可以是不及物动词,为“吸气、不透露”的意思。