英语 Waste 内容全析
【本课教学目标】
相关知识
本单元 30 和 31 两课的学习中要掌握下列线索：
1．Why must we stop pollution?
2．What kind of pollution is mentioned in the text ?
3．What types of waste are discussed in the text ?
4．Can you tell what ways are used in the world to recycle waste ?
5．How many different things are reused in China?
句子分析
1．No matter how much you want to bathe，it just isn’t safe． 不管你多么想洗海水澡，反正这都很不安全。
这里是由 no matter how 引出让步状语从句。
但是一定要注意：no matter how(however) 既可以接形容词和副词，表示程度状语；又可以直接接句子，表示方式状语。请对比下面两个句子：例如：
No matter how small the wheat ear is，we should pick it up． 无论麦穗有多小，我们都该把它拾起来。(程度状语)
No matter how he tried，he failed at all． 无论他怎样试，他均未成功。(方式状语)
No matter 之后可以是任何 wh-word 例如：what，who，which，when，where 等。例如：
No matter what she says ，he wouldn’t listen to her. 不管她说什么，他就是不听她的。
No matter who says it，he wouldn’t listen． 不管谁说的，他就是不听。
No mater where he works，he is always working hard. 无论他在哪儿干活，他总是很卖力气。
2．When you find anything，make a note where it’s found and do a drawing in your notebook．
当你发现某种东西时，记下发现的地点，并在笔记本上绘一个图。
该句子中 where it’s found 为同位语从句，说明 note 的内容。
注意：不要把它看成是地点状语从句，那就译为“在你发现它的地方做笔记”意思完全不对了。where it’s found，不是指 make a note 的地点。
该句中有一个搭配很强的结构： do + (由动词转换来的) ing 式，表示做什么。例如：
do a drawing 绘一个图
do some cooking 做饭 do some shopping 买东西
do some reading 阅读 do some writing 写东西
3．How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today．如何处理废物是当今世界上的一个大难题。
该句是不定式结构做主语。How to get rid of waste 是由疑问词+不定式构成。它可以延伸为一个主语从句：
How we should get rid of waste．
疑问词+不定式结构可在句中做主语，宾语，表语等。例如：
How to deal with the matter is unknown． 如何处理这件事没有人知道。(作主语)
We haven’t decided when to start off for Beijing． 我们还没有决定何时动身去北京。(做宾语)
The problem is how to get rid of bad habit． 问题是如何去掉这不良的习惯。(做表语)
4．A better method is to take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down．
该句中“where the wind and waves break it down”为定语从句，先行词为sea．句中 break down 做“分解”讲。(既可以指化学变化，也可以指物理变化)。
5．It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers.
要过很多年(之后)，容器里的化学物质才会开始流出。
该句中 before 译为“在(一段时间)之后”。例如：
It was three months before she returned to her hometown． 三个月之后她才返回家乡。
注意：在翻译含有 before 从句的句子时，要注意汉语的译法。例如：
Before I could get in a word，she had left without saying a word． 我还没来得及插话她便什么也没说就走了。
It was not long before the whole country rose up. 没过多久，全国就举行了起义。
翻译下列各句，注意 before 的译法：
1．Do it now before you forget．
2．Before I could get in a word，she had left．
3．It was not long before she came back．
4．It was long before she came back．
5．He had left the town the day before she arrived．
6．It will not be long before they understand each other．
参考答案：
1．趁你没忘记，赶快做这件事。(否定译法)
2．我还没来得及插话，她便走了。(否定译法)
3．没过多久，她便回来了。(不译)
4．过了好久之后，她才回来。(译为“之后”)
5．她到的前一天，他就离开这座城市了。
6．要不了多久，他们便会彼此理解了。
语言要点
1．deal with 作：“处理”讲。例如： Pollution is a big problem to deal with． 污染是一个要处理的大问题。
I wonder how we should deal with so much rubbish．我不知道如何处理这么多的垃圾。
2．Although the sea breaks up the waste... 虽然海洋可以把粪便冲散……
break up 作“驱散”“拆开”“打碎”解。
做“拆散”解时，与 break down 同义。例如：
The war broke up many families． 这场战争拆散了许多家庭。
The warship was broken up．这艘战舰被拆散。
3．...depending on the nature of the materials． ……视材料的性质而定。
depend on 做“依……而定，”“依靠”“依赖”讲。例如：
Whether we’ll go there depends on the weather．我们是否去那儿取决于天气。
4．at one time 译为“(过去)有段时期”( once／in the past )例如：
At one time，he was an English teacher．过去有段时间，他是英语教员。
注意：at one time 不能与“at a time”混淆。
at a time 意思是“一次”“同时”例如：
We cannot do two things at a time．我们不能同时做两件事。
5．...and has been very active in protecting the Pacific Ocean．在保护太平洋的活动中一直都很积极。
be active in 意思是“积极／主动地参加(活动)。”例如：
She has been active in sports．她一直积极参加体育活动。
We should be active in social activities．我们应积极参加社会活动。
6．European countries are making an active effort to reuse materials more than they used to．
欧洲国家现在正积极努力比过去更多地回收利用旧材料。
make an effort to do sth．努力做……
We have made every effort to fight against pollution． 我们尽一切努力和污染做斗争。
7．This ink is taken out by a special technique，and new paper is made．
用一种特殊的技术清洗掉油墨，再制成新的纸张。
take out ( = remove)擦掉，洗掉。例如：
How can I take out the ink marks from my new white shirt? 我的白色新衬衣上的墨水怎样才能洗掉呢?
They took out the posters on the walls．他们洗掉了墙上的招贴画。
【重点难点解析】
新知讲解
状语从句
状语从句在高三课本中虽然没有单独列出作为语法项目，但在本单元中状语从句出现得比较频繁，故引起大家的注意。
状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导，既可放在主句前又可放在主句后。放在句首时，从句后经常用逗号；放在句尾时，从句前不用逗号。状语从句共有：时间状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、方式状语、让步状语和条件状语从句。无论什么样的状语从句，最主要的是要搞清连接词的分类和
在从句中所起的作用，这是掌握状语从句的关键。
旧知归纳
典题剖析
1．I was about to go for a walk ______ it began to rain．
A．while B．after C．when D．the moment
误点 A 与 B 没有掌握时间状语从句中连词的使用；同时对这个句子没有充分的认识。正确答案应选：C。
解析 (1)首先要解决一个误区问题：这道题不是大家所认为的状语从句的概念。when 放在句中，前面的句子里有 be doing，be about to do，had just done，be ready to，be on the point of doing 时此句为一个并列句，中文的翻译是：这时(突然)。
(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词有：
when：从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以有动作的先后，但是经常会有一个句子为进行时态。
as：作为时间状语从句的连接词时一般放在句中，前后的时态为一致翻译为：“一边……一边……”；但是当 just as 出现时，要放在句首，翻译为“就在……的时候”。
while：A．当作为从属连词时从句要用表示延续性的动词，而 when 两者皆可；B．当作为并列连词时它要放在中间，前后时态要一致，同时用两个不同的主语表示对比的概念。
before：表示“在……之前”。但有时它有不同的翻译意思或有句型的概念。例如：
Don’t get off before the bus has stopped．
车没停，不要下。(逆翻)
Three years had passed by before we knew it.
不知不觉，过去了三年。(逆翻)
The roof had fallen in before I could have time to save the boy．
我还没来得及有时间去救那男孩，屋顶就塌了。(逆翻)
It was twenty days before he came back to his motherland．
二十年后，他回到了祖国的怀抱。(顺翻，不译)
after：表示“在……之后”
since：表示“自从……”。主句现在完成时态，从句一般过去时态。
as soon as，the moment，the minute，directly，immediately，Hardly had...when，No sooner had...than，Scarcely had...when：
均表示“一……就……”(但只有as soon as可以用在一般将来时态中)。
not...until，until／till：表示“直到……才”；“直到……”(前者主句动词要用非延续性动词，而后者要用延续性动词)。
捷径 重点掌握状语从句的使用及连接词的概念，并在具体的语言逻辑的要求下指导做题是解决状语从句学习的关键所在．
2．______ he is busy，I won’t trouble him．
A．Since B．For C．When D．Unless
误点 B选项是受到中文语言逻辑的直接影响的结果，since 与 for在表示原因时各有不同。正确答案应选：A。
解析 (1)在表示原因概念的时候首先要注意 since，as，for，be-cause 这几个词的区别。
since：“既然”，在使用时一定要注意主句的表达概念。例如：
Since everyone is here，1et’s have our meeting．
Since the earth is round，why can’t we fall off?
(主句所表达的是“建议性或无须回答的推测概念”)
because：“因为……；由于”，在使用时要注意它是表示主句动作的直接原因或用来回答 why 所引起的提问，既可放在句首，又可放在句中。例如：
Because he was ill，he didn’t come to the meeting last week．
-Why didn’t he come for a film?- Because he had seen it．
as：表示较为明显的原因，除了可从外表看出原因以外，它不能回答由 why 引起的提问，既可放在句首，又可放在句中。例如：
As the weather was nice，I opened all the windows． 显而易见，天气很好，我打开了窗户。
As our country is strong，we are respected by people all over the world．
显而易见，我们的国家强大了，备受全世界人们的尊敬。
for：在表示原因的时候它主要用于并列句里，同时要放在句中表示一种补充说明的原因(句子不能倒过来翻译)，前面的句子里往往有：must，can，seem，look，can’t 等词的判断点的出现。例如：
He must have come from Africa，for he is black． 他准是来自于非洲，因为他是个黑人。
(2)另外，还要掌握下面状语从句的各种连接词的使用。
①时间状语从句：when，while，as，before，after，once，since，as soon as，wherever( = every time).till，until，by the time，every time．
②原因状语从句：because，since，now that，as．
③条件状语从句：if unless，as(so)long as，in case，on condition that，once．
④程度、结果状语从句：so...that；such...that．
⑤让步状语从句：although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter what, no matter who,no matter when, no matter where, no matter how, as whether... or.
⑥目的状语从句: so that, in order that.
⑦比较状语从句: as... as, (not) so ... as, than, more than.
⑧方式、方法状语从句: as, as if, as though, just as.
⑨地点状语从句: where, wherever.
捷径 注意掌握中英文之间的辨析与状语从句所表达的确切含义是作好这类题的关键。
高考焦点
一、基础训练：填入适当的连词完成下列句子
1. I must do him a favour ________ I'm refused.
2. They talked ________ they walked.
3. ________ he was angry, he asked me to wait patiently.
4. ________ it is printed, the book will be popular.
5. The children were enjoying their dinner ________ a stranger knocked at the door.
6. They set out early ________ they could arrive in time.
7. Don't try to get off the bus ________ it has stopped.
8. He gets up late on Sunday morning ________ he doesn't have to go to school.
9. ________ reading the book, I changed my mind.
10. We will put off the meeting ________ the speaker tells us the exact time.
11. ________ you have a lot of homework to do, you needn' t come to help with my English.
12. The thief ran away ________ the police appeared.
13. Old ________ he was, he did a good job.
14. He sat there ________ nothing had happened to him.
15. Work hard, ________ you are sore to make greater progress.
16. The old woman sat ________ the sunlight was enough.
17. Please do ________ he tells you.
18. Nobody believed him ________ he said.
19. ________ she was reading the letter, tears kept coming to her eyes.
20. You shouldn't give it up ________ you failed again. You will be successful sooner or later.
二、历年高考水平测试题及高考题
1. ______ there is a will, there is a way.
A. Though B. Where C. While D. Even it
2. Strike ______ the iron is hot.
A. before B. till C. while D. so
3. ______ they arrived there, they started to work at once.
A. After B. While C. As D. Though
4. He won't believe it ______ he sees it with his own eyes.
A. before B. after C. until D. as soon as
5. ______ you came to visit me, I was reading.
A. As B. After C. Before D. When
6. People do not know the value of health ______ they lose it.
A. while B. when C. until D. as
7. The climate here is ______ of Kunming.
A. as good as climate B. better than C. as good as that D. better than the one
8. China has a larger population ______.
A. than that of America B. than America C. as America D. than American
9. He succeeded in solving all the problems ______.
A. as expected B. as expecting C. than expecting D. than expected
10. The radios made in our factory are better than ______ made in theirs.
A. that B. those C. what D. these
11. It's nicer to go with someone ______.
A. as going home B. as to go home C. than going alone D. than to go alone
12. This room is ________ than the last one you showed me.
A. as suitable B. a bit suitable C. a lot suitable D. less suitable
13. They walked ______ the station.
A. so far as B. as far as C. just as D. as farther as
14. ______ I know, this book will be used as a text book.
A. So far as B. So far C. So long D. As to
15. ______ the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.
A. As B. For C. Because D. Since that
16. ______ he was ill yesterday, Tom didn't go to school.
A. As B. Since C. For D. Because
17. ______ the earth is round, why do we not fall off?
A. Because B. As C. Since D. For
18. It muse have rained last night, ______ the ground is wet.
A. as B. for C. since D. because
19. The day breaks, ______ the birds are singing.
A. because B. as C. since D. for
20. He made ______ fire that the room was quite warm.
A. so big B. such big C. so big a D. such big a
21. It was ______ that he couldn't finish it by himself.
A. such difficult work B. so difficult a work C. such a difficult work D. so difficult work
22. Bill had ______ many falls ______ he got black and blue all over.
A. such; that B. so; as C. as; as D. so; that
23. I'll leave him a note ______ he'll know where we are.
A. so that B. in order C. that D. for
24. The result of the experiment was not satisfactory, ______ we decided to make another one.
A. or B. so C. for D. and
25. She made a note of it ______ she might forget.
A. so that B. if C. in case D. in order that
26. ______ he finished his supper, he went out to play.
A. As for B. As long as C. As well as D. As soon as
27. ______ he opened the window, a sparrow flew in.
A. Though B. The moment C. If D. Unless
28. No sooner had he seen a blind man ______ he got up from his seat.
A. than B. when C. so D. then
29. Hardly had he sat down ______ the phone rang again.
A. when B. than C. then D. and
30. Scarcely had he gone out ______ it started to snow.
A. that B. than C. when D. and
【常用单词积累】
重点词语讲解
1．关于 break 短语
break down
(1)The equipment frequently broke down．他们的设备经常坏。
(2)The taxi I was in broke down．这时我乘的出租车抛锚了。
(3)His health broke down after he suffered from illness．大病一场之后，他的身体垮了。
(4)The conversation broke down at this point．这时说话中断了。
(5)Our army broke down the enemy’s resistance．我们打垮了敌人的抵抗。
(6)The food we take is broken down into useful substance．我们摄取的食物被分解成有用的物质。
break in
(1)The thieves broke in during the night．夜里小偷跑了进来。
(2)Don’t break in while others are speaking．别人讲话时，你别打岔。
break into
(1)A house was broken into between midnight and 5 a．m．
午夜到早上五点这段时间，有人强行进入一家房子。
(2)Everyone broke into tears．这时每个人都哭了起来。
break out
(1)A fire broke out during the night．夜里发生了一场火灾。
(2)Influenza usually breaks out in winter．流感多发生在冬季。
break up
(1)After midnight，the party broke up．午夜之后晚会才散。
(2)The police tried to break up the crowd．警察试图驱散群众。
(3)The school has broken up for the holidays．学校放假停课了。
2．remind
(1)My monitor reminded me to make less noise at the meeting.
班长提醒我在会上讲话小声点。
(2)The note reminds me that I shall have a meeting next Monday.
这便条提醒我下星期一我要开会。
(3)This photo reminded her of her sad past．
这幅照片使她想起不幸的过去。
3．escape
(1)Water escaped rapidly from the pipe．水迅速地从管子里流出。
(2)None of the criminals escaped being punished．罪犯没有一个人逃避惩罚。
(3)The exact date has escaped me．我记不确切日期了。
(4)A moan escaped the patient .那病人不禁呻吟了一声。
4．think of 的常见用法
We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits．
我们必须想办法改变人们的习惯。
(1)think of 在此句中为“想出……来”，“提出建议”的意思。又如：
Have you thought of any good idea yet?
另外，think of 还可以有以下意思：
(2)考虑
The manager has so many things to think of every day．
(3)回忆起，想起
I really can’t think of the time when l visited Paris with Andrew．
(4)想像
Just think of the beautiful scenery．How I wish I could go there．
想像一下那美丽的景色。但愿我能去那儿。
(5)有……看法，持……的念头
Such a thing is not even to be thought of．
这种事连想都不会想出来。
重点词语辨析
1．used to 和 be used to 的区别
(1)be used to 是“习惯于……”的意思。其中 to 是介词，后面可跟名词或动词的-ing 形式。例如：
He is used to this kind of job．他习惯于这种工作。
I am not used to getting up early．我不习惯于早起。
注：此短语中的 be 动词有时候还可以换用 get 或 become。例如：
You will soon get used to our way of living．
你将很快习惯于我们的生活方式。
(2) used to 作“过去常常”解，表示“过去经常做某事”，含“现在已经不做此事了”的意思。这里的 to 是不定式符号，后跟动词原形。be used to 作“习惯于”解，其中 to 是介词，be 可以有不同的时态变化(过去时、现在时、将来时)试比较：
She used to go to the park in the morning．
她过去早上常去公园。(现在已不去了)
She is used to going to the park in the morning．她习惯于早上去公园。
This river used to be clean．这条河以前是干净的。(现在已不干净了)
2．add；add...to；add to；add up to
(1)add vt．意为“增加”，“补充”。例如：
In a moment he added，“I’m going to be a scientist．”
(2)add... to... 意为“把……加入到……，增加，加进去”。如本单元中出现的句子：
Chaplin’s earliest films were silent，because the equipment for adding sound to films had not yet been developed．
卓别林最早期的电影是无声电影，因为在那时还没有研制出给影片配音的设备。
If you add five to eight，you will get l3．
(3)add to 意为“增添，增加，增进”。例如：
Your carelessness added to our difficulties．
(4)add up to 意为“总计，加起来总共是”，该短语不可用于被动语态。例如：
The expenses add up to $ 100．支出合计为一百美元。
3．set off (out)；set up；be set；set sb．free
(1)set off 表示“起程”、“动身”，后面可跟介词 for，set out 也可表示此意。例如：
What time shall we have to set off tomorrow?
They set off for Beijing．
(2)set up 作“建立”、“成立”解。本单元出现过的句子：
In 1919，Chaplin set up an important film company.
(3)be set 的意思是“以……为背景”，“(戏剧影片)的背景是”，后面常跟介词 in。
The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century．
这部影片的背景是19世纪中叶的加利福尼亚。
(4) set sb．／sth．free 意为“给……自由”、“释放”例如：
The slaves were set free a century ago，but the black people are still not given their full human rights．一个世纪前这些奴隶获得了自由，但是黑人仍没得到完整的人权。
You should set the poor bird free．
4．be known for；be known as；be known to
(1)be known for 表示原因，意为“因……而出名”。主语本身并非出名的原因，而是由于介词 for 后的某物或某一地点特征等出名。主语和介词后的内容不对等。例如：
Guilin is known for its beautiful scenery．桂林以优美的风景而出名。
(2)be known as 表示“以(作为)……而出名”，介词 as 后常接人或事物，主语是出名的人或事物。两者属于对等的同位关系。例如：
She is well known as an excellent player．她作为优秀运动员而出名。
Gold was discovered in California and thousands of people rushed there to look for gold，so it became known as“the gold rush”．
有人在加州发现了黄金，成千上万的人急急忙忙地跑到那里去寻找金子，于是这种热闹场面就成为人们所熟知的“淘金热”。
(3)be known to 为(某人)所知或所熟悉，to 后跟表示人的名词或代词。例如：
He is always ready to help others，as is known to all．
5．still，quiet，silent，calm 的辨析
这几个词均表示“冷静”、“平静”，但内涵有别。
(1) still 主要指“静止”、“不动”，可以指环境的安静，也可指姿势保持不动，强调没有动作。例如：
The little girl stood still，except that her lips moved slightly．
那个小女孩一动不动地站着，只是嘴唇微微动了动。
How still everything is! 一切是多么安静啊!
Still waters run deep．静水流深(大智若愚)。
(2) quiet 主要指“安静”，强调没有声音或动作；也指性情温和、安详、文静或生活悠闲，环境寂静、平静。例如：
He has always lived a quiet life．
他一直过着悠闲的生活。
She is a quiet girl．她是个文静的女孩。
(3) silent 指“沉默”，强调不发表意见；也指“寂静”，强调没有声音。例如：
He said he could not keep silent any longer．
他说他再也不能保持沉默了。
The hall was silent．大厅内鸦雀无声。
(4) calm“平静”、“镇定”，既可表示外界的安静，又可表示内心的镇静。例如：
He remained calm in face of the danger．
面对危险他镇定自若。
The sea was fairly calm，and I could see all about．
大海风平浪静，我能看到周围的一切。
【单元口语交际】
表示“禁止和警告”和“猜测”的句式 Prohibition and Warning and Conjecture
常用句型：
Don’t look out of the window．
You shall listen to your parents．
Never pour oil on water．
No smoking!
Don’t rush! It seems that he is coming tonight．
He is likely to win the game in the end．
He must have finished the work．
What could they be talking about over there with the headmaster?
Mary can’t have gone to New York．I saw her just now seated under the tree，reading a book． It looks as if is going to rain soon．
He appears to be an honest student in the class．But in actual fact，he isn’t．
口语示范：
1．表示“禁止、警告”及“猜测”的对话练习：
(1)Less noise，please ! - No noise，please ! (请小声点!)
这是对话中的一个省略句。完整的句子为：
Don’t make any noise，please ! 或 Do make no (less)noise，please !
例如：Less noise，please．I have something important to tell you．
(请声音小点。我有重要的事情告诉大家。)
No noise，please．The baby is sleeping．
(别吵了，孩子在睡觉。)
(2)Don’t rush ! (不要赶忙／不要性急)
它是由 Don’t + 原形动词构成的表示“禁止”或“警告”的句式。
例1 -We’ve got to start off right now．
-Don’t rush ! There’s plenty of time．
-我们得马上出发。-别急，时间还多着呢。
例2 -Let me get to the front．
-Don’t crowd，please．
-让我到前面去。
-请不要挤。
例3 -He hasn’t turned up now．
-Don’t worry．He must be on the way here．
-他现在还没来。
-甭着急，他准是在来的路上。
2．It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town．
看来，有一根大废水管从城里直接到这儿来了。
It looks as if our class won’t be able to bathe at all ．
看来，我们班(好像)根本不能洗海水浴了。
这两句都是表示“猜测”的句子。
例1 -It’s already half past ten．There is likely no bus．
-Well，it looks as if we shall have to walk home．
-已经十点半了。不可能有公共汽车了。
-唉，看来我们只得走回家了。
例2 -Relief supplies are being sent to the flooded areas．
-It looks as if the situation will get better．
-救济物资正运往山区。
-看来情况将会好转。
例3 -They all say it is a good idea．
-It seems that no one’s against the suggestion．
-他们都说这个主意很好。
-看来(似乎)没有人反对这个意见。
例4 -He looks so happy．
-It seems that he has entered college．
-他看上去很高兴。
一看来他已经上大学了。
【拓展延伸探究】
技能训练
英语解题中的断句问题与判断的技能培养
断句包含两层含义：意群停顿及深层次语法结构。会断句，不仅可以使我们正确理解文意，还可以在解题时避免干扰，迅速得到正确答案。例如：
1．She did everything she could ______ help him．
A．do B．doing C．to D．to do
如果不能判断 she could 是 everything 的定语从句(省略了 do)，则易选干扰项 A，而实际上这里的 help him 是做句子的目的状语。所以只能选 C。
2．Please tell me the way you thought of ______ care of the garden．
A．taking B．to take C．take D．takes
首先判断第一个 of 处是断句，因为有短语 think of a way(to do／doing)sth，所以 the way 是 you thought of 定语从句的先行词，而 to take 用作后置定语，修饰 the way。正确应选B。
3．Is there a tailor’s shop around ______ I can make a suit?
A．which B．what C．that D．where
很容易理解成 around which，而选 A。其实 around 在这里不是介词而是副词，相当于 about，做地点状语，意思是“附近”，故选D。
4．The theory he’s stuck ______ us that earthquakes can be forecast．
A．to prove to B．to proves to C．proves to D．which proved
这里考查 stick to 和 prove sth to sb 的用法。此句包含一个定语从句he’s stuck to ；一个宾语从句 prove to sb that earthquakes can be forecast 翻译成：“他坚持的理论向我们证明了地震可以被预测”。断句应在充分理解句意的基础上进行，即在 stuck to 后。B 为正确答案。
5．The theory objected ______ true．
A．to prove B．proved C．to proved D．was proved
答案：C应从 to 和 proved 中间断句，objected to 是后置定语，修饰 theory，proved true 为谓语。
6．Her boyfriend called not only herself but also her husband．Nothing she did to stop him ______.
A．working B．work C．worked D．works
由文章题意知，她采取了很多办法来 stop him，但都不奏效。此句用定语从句 she did to stop him 来修饰，worked 是作句子的谓语，应从 worked 之前断句。选C。
7．______ at the news that I didn’t know what to say to comfort her．
A．So sad she looked B．So sad did she look C．So sadly she looked D．So sadly did she look
本题考查主系表结构和倒装句。应在 at 之前断句。这就意味着 look与 at 并无直接关系，不是 look at the news，而是 look sad at the news，“因为听到这个消息而伤心”。B．为正确答案。
8．______ different life today is from ______ was fifty years ago．
A．What a；what B．How；what C．What；that D．What；how
此题断句应在 different 和 life 之间，构成感叹句：由 how 引导的对形容词 different 进行感叹强调。而 today 是时间状语。本句意为：Life is different from what was fifty years ago．B为正确答案。
结构难题训练：
1．We grow all our grapes and vegetables here in the garden，______ cost us a lot of money，of course．
A．which B．ss C．that D．what
2．He will stop talking，if no notice ______ of him at the meeting.
A．is taken B．will be taken C．takes D．has taken
3．This is an illness that can result in total deafness ______ left untreated．
A．after B．if C．since D．unless
4．Her face gave her ______ when she told a lie．
A. off B. away C. up D. out
5. I'll go to the supermarket with my father next week. We're going to buy some _____ glasses.
A. lovely old French B. old lovely French C. French old lovely D. old French lovely
6. _____ we had been looking forward to.
A. Then came the hour B. Before Rose the new teacher stood
C. When the hour came D. After Kate stands the new teacher
7. Is it somewhere around that factory _____ this type of cars are produced?
A. which B. where C. that D. /
8. -Do you have anything more _____, sir?
-No. You can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D.to type
9. When I said some students are crazy, I _____ to you.
A. don' t refer B. wasn't referring C. hasn' t referred D. didn' t refer
10. -What is the building?
-_____ the students have their dance class.
A. The building that B. There are C. That's the building which D. That's where
11. They decided to drive the cattle away _____ they did more damage.
A. until B. unless C. before D.although
12. _____ you should have no trouble with the difficult work.
A. Knowing this B. If you're knowing this C. From knowing this D. If you had known it
13. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour.
A. one B. that C. what D. those
14. Could it be in the restaurant in _____ you had dinner with me yesterday _____ you left behind your keys and wallet?
A. that; which B. which ;that C. where; that D. that; where
15. Until the 16th century the earth _____ to be flat.
A. has been believed B. is believed C. believed D. was believed
16. How many years will have to pass _____ scientists succeed in proving a treatment for cancer?
A. when B. before C. since D. until
17. We have done things we ought not to have done and _____ undone things we ought to have done.
A. left B. leave C. will leave D． leaving
18. Another man-made earth satellite is reported in Beijing Evening News _____into orbit yesterday.
A. to have been put B. to be put C. to have put D. having been put
19. _____ all over the hills and around the lake are wild plants of different kinds.
A. To grow B. growing C. Grown D. Grow
20. We played in the garden till sunset, _____ it began to rain.
A. when B. after C. while D.then
21. -Who are you going to get _____ this report for you?
-My secretary, Alice, a new comer to the company. What's up?
A. type B. typed C. to type D. to be typed
22. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him _____ for it.
A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less
23. -What is the matter with you?
- _______ the window, my finger was cut unexpectedly.
A. Cleaning B. To clean C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning
24. _____ my finishing reading the magazine you can have it _____.
A. On; immediately B. At; quickly C. For; fortunately D. With; likely
25. With his son _____ the old couple felt rather unhappy.
A. to disappoint B. to be disappointed C. disappointing D. being disappointing
26. The TV play brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that remote village.
A. when B. that C. until D.where
27. -Why do you drink so much coffee?
-Well, _____ it doesn't keep me awake at night, I see no harm to me.
A. although B. as long as C. as far as D. for
28. One manager kept asking me really difficult questions and laughing at me _____ I couldn' t answer.
A. every time B. the next time C. whenever D. all the time
29. She suggested not only _____ to the English evening but also give a performance in English.
A. should I go B. did I go C. I should go D. my going
30. They are teachers and don't realize _____ to start and run a company.
A. what takes it B. what they take C. what takes them D. what it takes
能力培养
高考中如何写出好句子的能力培养
1．在书面表达中，要注意适当地使用一些词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采，丰富语句的表现力。例如：
原文 The old man was hit by the car when he was crossing the street.
修正 The old man was knocked down by the car when he was crossing the street.
原文 A new railway is being built in my hometown.
修正 A new railway is under construction in my hometown.
原文 I like reading while my brother likes watching TV.
修正 I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.
英语习语、词组十分丰富，在自己的书面表达中，能适当地使用这些短语，无疑是一个提高水平的十分行之有效的方法。
2．尽量避免过多地重复使用某一单词，必要时应选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。例如：
原文 I like reading while my brother likes watching TV.
修正 I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.
3．要注意使用不同结构、不同长度的句子，尽量使句型多样化，避免单词。例如：
原文
There is a new classroom building on one side of the road. There used to be a playground on the other side before. But there is a library now. There are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines in the library. There is a new playground in front of the school. There are a lot of trees in and around the school.
修正
On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playground used to be, now stands another new building-our library, in which you can find all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.
4．多使用一些主从复合句来代替简单句，能使书面表达行文更加流畅有力。例如：
原文 We had to stand there to catch the offender．
修正 All we could do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender．
原文 The meal was very nice．We all enjoyed it very much．
修正 The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much．
5．改变句子开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再在句末加上一个状语。我们可以适当地把一些成分(如状语)提前位于句子的开头，使整个句子读起来有点跌宕起伏，增加书面表达的表现力。例如：
原文
The young man pointed to a policeman not far away and said，“He stopped us an hour ago and told us to catch another offender．”
修正
Pointing to apoliceman not far away，the young man explained，“He stopped us an hour ago and made us catch another offender．”
原文
I studied Chinese，maths，english，physics，chemistry and computer at school．
修正
The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese，maths，English， physics，chemistry and computer．
6．通过合句，将意义相关的几个句子用一定的连接方式连接起来，或通过紧缩，去掉一些多余的成分，避免冗长累赘、松散无力，以增强句子的连贯性，达到更好的表达效果。例如：
原文
We had a short rest．Then we began to play happily．We sang and danced．Some told stories．some played chess．
修正
After a short rest，we had great fun singing and dancing，telling jokes and playing chess．
原文
My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him．
修正
My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind.
【本课习题解答】
Lesson 21
2 Practice
Don' t run/laugh, please !
No noise, please!
What a shame!
It looks as if it isn't warm enough to swim today.
It seems that there is a lot of rubbish over there.
Lesson 23
3 Practice
1. Disappointed with the results of the experiment, she started a new one. 2. The twins separated at birth do not know each other. 3. Ruined by a bad business deal, he had to sell the house. 4. Sentenced to death, Charles Darnay felt hopeless. 5. I love bread freshly baked. 6. Defended by an army of 6,000 men, the city was difficult to take. 7. Stolen by a thief, the precious necklace was never found. 8. We found a lady beautifully dressed. 9. Defeated but still alive, they managed to escaped in a small boat.
4 Practice
1.What 2.why 3.where 4.How many 5.whether
6.how 7.Who 8. that 9.whether/when 10.how
5 Practice
1. Having devoted two years to looking after her sick father, she badly needed a holiday.
2. Having read a lot about Marxism, Nick began to take an interest in socialism and communism.
3. Having discovered a well, they made their camp there.
4. Continuing our efforts, we managed to pull the boat up on the beach.
5. Having crossed the valley, we started to climbed a hill.
6. Being ill with a fever, he could not help us take down the sails.
7. Not having baked any biscuits that morning, we had nothing to eat.
Lesson 24
2 Word study
1. rubbish 2. solid 3. sank 4.technique 5. seek
6. rid 7.active 8.gloves 9.tin 10. sort
3 Writing
I live in Chongqing, a beautiful mountain city in Sichuan Province. There's a river, Jialing River, running by, but it is much polluted. Chongqing is an industrial city in which there are many factories. Many of them were built a long time ago. At one time, people in our hometown didn' t worry at all about pollution. The factories poured waste directly into the river, so that there was no fish in the river. Even now, it is not safe to bathe in it. Among the factories, the worst one was the paper factory, which was also the first one built in China. Now the city government is taking measures to stop the factories from polluting the fiver. I hope that our government will encourage them to put in new equipment and introduce new techniques to further reduce the pollution.