作者：籍万杰
请看下面一道高考题:
Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
此题答案为A,考查过去分词作状语的用法。
近年来的高考试题对过去分词的用法特别青睐,频频对其进行考查。本文拟结合近几年的高考试题,就过去分词的用法及易考点加以点拨,希望对刚踏入高三的同学们有所帮助。
过去分词主要起形容词或副词的作用,表示"被动、完成"的意义,在句中作状语、定语、补足语、表语等,也可以构成独立主格结构。选择分词时,关键看分词与其逻辑主语的关系,若是其逻辑主语主动发出的动作,选用现在分词;若是被动动作,则选用过去分词。
一、 考查过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。有时过去分词前也可加上连词when, while, if, unless, though等。过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语,表示被动或完成意义。例如:
1. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
2. ________ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
二、 考查过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词,表示一个被动或完成的动作,相当于一个被动的定语从句。例如:
3. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
4. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
三、 考查过去分词作补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,逻辑主语是其前面的宾语,表示一个被动或完成的动作。例如:
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
四、 考查过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语,其主语通常是人,表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉,意思是"(某人)......的";而现在分词作表语时,其主语通常是物,表示主语的特征,意思是"令人......的"。常用作表语的过去分词有: interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, surprised, frightened, excited, moved, inspired, tired, worried, hurt, crowded, gone, broken, dressed, wounded, pleased,等等。例如:
6. As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost D. missed
五、考查过去分词在独立主格结构中的使用
分词作状语时,如果句子的主语不是分词的逻辑主语,则会出现分词的"悬垂"现象。解决的办法是在分词前加上其逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构,在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:
7. Hands ________ behind his head, John lay on the sand with his eyes looking straight upward into space.
A. crossing B. were crossed
C. crossed D. had crossed
另外,有些以过去分词形式出现的词,其词性和意思都已发生了变化,须引起同学们的注意。例如:
8. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
"Given"在此处是介词,意思是"在......的情况下;考虑到"。
答案:1-5 CDBCD 6-8 ACA
你对第1面的《过去分词高考考点透析》一文理解得如何?为了使你加深印象,检测一下你的复习效果,请做下面选自高考试题的单项填空练习。为了让你开动脑筋,不盲目猜题,本练习题中也包括其它非谓语动词形式的习题。
1. Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself________.
A. understand B. to understand
C. understanding D. understood
2. The workers want us________ together with them.
A. work B. working
C. to work D. worked
3. What's the language________in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
4. ________some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed by
5. Most of the people________ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. inviting
6. He was disappointed to find his suggestions________.
A. been turned down
B. turned down
C. to be turned down
D. to turn down
7. Do you know the boy________ under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
8. -Good morning. Can I help you?
-I'd like to have this package________, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
9. There was a terrible noise________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
10. ________more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
11. The secretary worked late into the night, ________a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. was preparing
12. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.
A. to burn B. burn
C. burning D. burned
13. Generally speaking,________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take
14. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________the girl and took her away,________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing
15. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
16. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
17. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ________.
A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted
18. The________ boy was last seen________ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
19. The patient was warned________ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
20. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
key: 1-5 DCBBA 6-10 BDDBA 11-15 BCBDB 16-20 CBACD