作者：任斌
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。本文结合高考试题,对其中的几个考点进行归纳。
一、考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用,同学们应注意以下几点:
1.省略if条件句的虚拟语气
如果在条件句中含有were, had或should,可将if省略,然后将were, had或should移至主语之前。
2. 混合条件句的虚拟语气
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。如:If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today.
3. 含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有:
1)用连词otherwise, or, but that, as though, once等。
2)用but for, without等介词短语表示条件。
3) 通过分词短语表示条件。如:
Given more time, we could have done it better.
4)用动词不定式表示条件。如:It would be a mistake not to help him.
[原题再现]
①It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I________in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
②What would have had happened ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
答案:① B ② C
二、考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
1.在某些动词后的宾语从句中,使用"(should)+动词原形"。常见的动词有:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order, command);三条建议(advise, suggest, propose);四项要求(demand, require, request, ask)。
[原题再现]
①-How do you________we go to Beijing for our holidays?
-I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
②Jane's pale face suggested that she ________ill, and her parents suggested that she________a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
答案:① D ② B
2. wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词有三种形式:与现在事实相反,用过去时;与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;与将来事实相反,用would / should + 动词原形。
[原题再现]
How I wish every family________a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
答案:B