作者：秦征
祈使句和感叹句是简单句中的两种重要类型,也是高考试题经常测试的内容。本文结合高考试题,分别对这两种句式的易考点进行归纳。
一、 祈使句
祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气,在口语中十分常用。分析历年高考试题,可以看出其考点主要有:
1. 考查"祈使句(或名词词组)+ and(或or)+ 简单句"这一固定句型
[原题再现]
① -English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
-Yes. ________more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
② Let's keep to the point or we ________ any decisions.
A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached
答案: ① A ② A
2. 考查祈使句型与非谓语动词作状语的辨别能力
注意标点符号(如破折号)的功能,牢记常见祈使句的结构,排除非谓语动词的干扰(非谓语动词提前作状语,常用逗号与后面分开,表示时间、原因、条件、目的等)。
[原题再现]
I've never seen anyone run so fast - ________David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched
答案: A
3. 考查祈使句的应答语
祈使句的动作是未发生的动作,常用I will.来回答其肯定式,表示愿意接受请求或命令,用I won't.来回答其否定式。另外,常用All right. / OK. / Yes, let's... / A good idea.等来回答Let's...句式,表示接受建议;用You may. / You can.等来回答Let us...句式,表示允许或同意。
[原题再现]
① -Let's go swimming, shall we?
- ________.
A. It's my pleasure B. It doesn't matter C. Yes, let's go D. I agree with you
② -Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
- ________.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案: ① C ② B
二、 感叹句
感叹句通常用来表示快乐、痛苦、惊异等强烈的感情色彩,常见的有How和What开头的两种形式。How用于修饰形容词、副词或动词;What用于修饰名词。
1. How + 形容词(副词)+ 主语 + 谓语。例如:
How beautiful the flower is!
How fluently he speaks English!
2. How修饰动词,构成"How + 主语 + 谓语"句式。例如:
How the wind blows!
3."How + 形容词(副词)"(省略主语和谓语)。
[原题再现]
-Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.
- ________I'm sure you had a wonderful time.
A. Sounds good! B. Very well. C. How nice! D. All right.
答案: C
4. What (a) + 名词。例如:
What fun!
5. What (a) +(形容词)名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
[原题再现]
________from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
答案: D