作者：张豪 张华
从近年NMET试题来看,有些单项填空题结构比较复杂,有的与其他句子很容易混淆,导致失误。这时如果我们注意分析句法,一定会有利于答题:
一、搞清句子成分
英语中的主要成分有主语、谓语和宾语,还有定语、状语、表语、补语等附加成分。句子成分既不能残缺也不能多余。如:
The letter they looked forward to ________ at last.
A. arrive B. arrived C. arriving D. had arrived
分析:该题若仅根据look forward to而选择C,则整个句子缺少谓语。实际上,they looked forward to为定语,修饰The letter,主句缺少谓语动词,故选择B。
二、辨清句子类型
从结构上看英语中的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;根据其作用,句子又可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、否定句、祈使句等。在答题时分清句子的结构和作用对答题十分重要。如:
1. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. Leave
分析:由句中的and可以断定应该选择一个不带连词的句子(非谓语动词不是句子)。事实上,该题考查的是"祈使句+and+陈述句"句式。答案为D。
2. -Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean to...
-Don't call me "Joe". I'm Mr. Parker to you, and ________ you forget it!
A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't
分析:句中的"!"说明此处应是感叹句或祈使句,并非是问句。此处应选D,Don't you forget it!为祈使句的否定句,表示"不高兴","厌烦","鄙视"等色彩。因此,该题答案为D。
三、识别一些常见句式或结构
英语中许多句子都以一定的结构或句式出现,如强调句、含形式主语或形式宾语的句子、倒装句、there be句式及各种从句等。在做题时不能见到某句型的特征就马上认定是什么句型,从而按该句型的特点和用法去解题。如:
The children are having a good time, ________ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them playing
B. who playing
C. some of whom are playing
D. some of them
分析:该题很容易误选C。从后面的...others with toys来看,"________ with sand"应该与之并行,同为独立主格结构,并非是定语从句。答案为A。
下面摘抄一些试题,供同学们演练:
1. The cat is the only one of her pets Jane will have ________ on her bed.
A. it sleep B. it sleeping
C. it slept D. sleeping
2.________ , we had to walk home last night.
A. There's no bus
B. There was no bus
C. Being no bus
D. There being no bus
3. a. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read.
b. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read it.
A. as B. that C. which D. /
4. a. He got lost in the forest and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
b. He got lost in the forest, ________ made matters worse.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
5. ________ is no need to turn off the radio since I've got used to working with it on.
A. It B. That C. There D. This
6. a. He came late. That's ________ he didn't catch the early bus.
b. He didn't catch the early bus. That's he came late.
A. because B. why
C. that D. the reason for
7. -You've booked on a four o'clock flight?
-What chance ________ of taking an earlier plane?
A. there is B. is it C. there it is D. is there
8. a. His father died, ________ him a lot of money.
b. His father died, and ________ him a lot of money.
A. leaving B. left C. being left D. to leave
9. a. Is this very factory ________ you visited last year?
b. Is this the very factory ________ you visited last year?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
10. -We haven't heard from Jane recently.
-What do you think _____ to her?
A. was happening B. to happen C. of happening D. has happened
[答案与简析]
1. D 2. D 3. a. A(定语从句) b. B(结果状语从句)4. a. B(主语从句) b. A(非限定性定语从句) 5. C 6. a. A(because后接原因) b. B(why后接结果) 7. D 8. a. A(现在分词短语作结果状语) b. B(并列句) 9. a. D(the one作表语) b. A 10. D