Unit 10
I.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topics
1>Talk about ways to protect the environment
2>Talk about wildlife endangerment
3>Talk about causes and effects
2.Function:
原因和结果(Causes and effects)
Why...? Because/As/Since...
Because of...,I... If...,then...
As a result of... It follows that...
It will use... It will lead to...
3.Vocabulary
fur;Tibetan;lead;jungle;wolf;giraffe;environmental;tour;act;measure;original;battary;devote;
common;valuable;reduce;respond;amount;package;packging;harmful;flat;material;poster;
attractive;topic;organize;brief
in danger;die out;as a result of;lead to;take measures;adapt to;
make a difference;devote...to;at present;set free;in the wild;throw away
4.Grammar:
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
1.Reporting statements
2.Reporting yes-no questions
3.Reporting wh-questions
4.Reporting commands and requests
5.Reporting general truth
II.Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.
no longer
[用法]不再,可与not...any longer换用.
[注意]no longer在句中的位置
1.实义动词前 2.连系动词后 3.助动词及情态动词后
no longer在句首时引起倒装.
any longer在否定句中一般在句末
[举例]She no longer feels afraid.
He's no longer at school.
No longer are they staying with us.
他们不再和我们在一起.
When I lose my job,I could no longer keep our heads over water.
当我失业时,那日子真是没法过啊.
[试题]1.---Excuse me,is this Mr Brown's office?
---I'm sorry,but Mr Brown______works here.He left about three weeks ago.
A.not now B.no more C.not still D.no longer（√）
2.---Will you give this message to Mr White,please?
---Sorry,I can't.He_______.
A.doesn't any more work here B.doesn't any longer here work
C.doesn't work any more here D.doesn't work here any longer（√）
2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.
left
[用法]剩下，此处为过去分词做定语。
[联想]leave的特别用法：
1.leave sb to do 让某人去做某事
2.leave sb doing 使某人处于某种状态
3.leave the window open 让窗户开着
4.leave my bag on the bus 把包忘在车上了(注意:不要用forget)
5.leave school 从学校毕业
6.ask for a two days' leave 请两天假
[试题]1.His remarks left me_______about his real purpose.
A.wonder B.wondering（√） C.wondered D.to wonder
2.His father died and______him a lot of money.
A.gave B.left（√） C.sent D.offered
3.Do you mind_________alone at home?
A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left
C.Jane's being left（√） D.Jane to be left
3>Many of the world's animals and plants are in danger.
in danger
[用法]处于危险中
[比较]dangerous:造成危险的;带来危险的
[举例]Get an ambulance---her life is in danger.
The fire is dangerous to us as it is so near.
4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?
die out
[用法]消亡;灭绝
[联想]die away 逐渐消失;逐渐停止
[举例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.
大幕一升起,谈话的声音渐渐地停了下来.
In the struggle for life,the species,which had not been successful,died out.
在生存竞争中,不能成功的物种就灭绝了.
5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.
together with
[用法]意同as well as;along with
[注意]在连接主语时,谓语动词的数取决于充当主语的第一个名词的数.
[试题]Dr. Smith,together with his wife and sons,_______to arrive on the evening flight.
A.are B.are going C.is（√） D.will be
6>It will lead to...
lead to
[用法]导致
[举例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.
国家经济的发展使人民过上了幸福生活.
Careless driving will lead to the loss of life.
开车大意会导致丧命.
[联想]lead sb (to do) sth 使得...(做某事);领导...做某事
[举例]Self-criticism led him to a clear understanding of his own mistakes.
自我批评使得他对自己的错误有了清醒的认识.
The lecture led him to make a thorough study of the problem.
讲座使得他要对问题进行彻底的研究.
7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as the animal.
act as
[用法]充当;担任
[比较]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行动;做事;表演
[试题]1.In the play 'A Merchant of Venice' he_______the part of Shylock.
A.acts（√） B.acts as C.play D.is played
2.Classroom testing,if well done,most certainly______a stimulus(激励) to study and real learning.
A.acts for B.acts as（√） C.acts on D.acts to
8>Take turns asking and answering questions.
Take turns (in) doing
[用法]轮流做某事
[联想]take one's turn 依次轮流
by turns 交替;轮流
[举例]1.When people are waiting for the bus,he takes his turn.
2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.
3.She was happy and angry by turns.
9>Use the questions below to get started.
get started
[用法]意为'开始',美语口语中常用表达.
[举例]Let's get started.咱们开始干吧。
2.reading
1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
keep...from doing
[用法]防止(阻止;避免)...做...
[联想]stop...from doing; prevent...from doing 意思基本相同
[试题]If city noises________from increasing,people_______shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept;will have to（√） B.are not kept;have to
C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to
2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.
could
[用法]本句为虚拟语气用法,could表示反现实的含义.without短语相当于一个隐藏的条件:if there were no plants and animals around us.
[举例]If you needed assistance,I could do something.
假如你需要帮助,我可以帮你做点什么.(看样子,你不愿接受帮助)
In the USA,for example,75% of the grains is used to feed animals.This grain could be used to feed humans,rather than animals.
3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.
tour
[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游览 2. 巡视;巡回演出;巡回比赛
[举例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.
亚当斯先生去年往东亚旅行了一次。
Their troupe is on tour in the South.
他们的剧团在南方巡回演出。
[联想]travel 泛指一切旅游,不可数
journey 一般指较长时间或较长距离的旅行
trip 大都指往返的旅行,尤指短途
4>We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.
that do not harm other living things
[用法]此为定语从句,关系词在从句中做主语,不可省略
[比较]I don't like the way that you laugh at her.
本句中way在定语从句中做状语,关系词用that或in which或省略.
[举例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
2.---You are from Australia,aren't you?
---Yes,I am.How did you guess?
---The way you speak.
5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.
take measures
[用法]采取措施
[举例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.
6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.
species
[用法]n. 种类;【生】种;人类[the S]
[注意]单复数相同
[举例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.
菊花品种很多。
The giant panda has become an endangered species.
大熊猫已成了一种濒临灭绝的动物。
Today the survival of our species is threatened.
今天人类的生存受到了威胁。
7>They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
that is
[用法]那就是;即
[举例]John is a New Yorker;that is,he lives in New York.
8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.
adapt
[用法]vt.1. 使适应,使适合 2. 改编,改写 vi. 适应[(+to)]
[举例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.
他努力使自己适应新的情况。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.
作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
He has not yet adapted to the climate.
他还没适应这种气候。
10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.
that there is a lot we can do to help
[用法]that引导的是表语从句(名词性从句的一种),其构成与宾语从句、主语从句类似.
[举例]The trouble is that we don't have the computer.
[注意]引导表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句的that在句中没有成分,也没有具体含义,仅作为从句的引导词.
表语和宾语从句的that有省略的现象.而主语从句的that则不省略.
11>Even small things can make a big difference.
make a difference
[用法]有关系;有差别;重要
[联想]make no difference 无甚差别;不要紧
[举例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.
It doesn't make any difference if you are late to my party.I only want you to come.
12>Professor Stevenson,who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,gave a talk to Chinese college students.
devoted ... to ...
[用法]把...献给...;把...专用于...
[注意]to为介词,后面如需跟动词,应用-ing形式.
[举例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.
Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.
13>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?
at present
[用法]现在;目前
[联想]present的其他用法: n.礼物 a.在场的;出席的;现在的 vt.赠送,给予
presently adv. 一会儿;不久
[举例]You may still keep the book for another week because I am very busy at present.
What he said made all the people present at the meeting moved a great deal.
Don't worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.
3.integrating skills
1>Without air,water and sunlight there would be no living things.
there would be
[用法]would仍是虚拟语气用法,全句意为'(假如)没有空气,水和阳光,就不会有生命.'(而实际上,现在不可能没有空气,水和阳光)
[举例]If I were you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我会接受他的意见.(我不可能是你,这是和事实相反的一种假设)
Should she come tomorrow,I would tell her the news.
她明天来的话,我会把这个消息告诉她.(言下之意,她明天来的可能性很小)
2>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.
throw away
[用法]扔掉;抛弃
[举例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.
[联想]throw off 扔掉;摆脱;匆匆脱掉(衣服)
[举例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor's shop.
3>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
is much better at
[用法]可理解为be good at的比较级形式
4>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.
learn from
[用法]向...学习;从...吸取教训
[举例]We should learn from the advanced workers.
我们应该向先进工作者们学习.
Why don't you learn from my mistakes?
你为何不从我的错误中吸取教训呢?
5>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.
respond
[用法]vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反应;响应[+to/by/with]
[举例]Has she responded to your letter?
她有没有回过你的信?
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。
6>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.
easy to understand
[用法]这里的主语poster和understand虽然是动宾关系,但表语形容词后的动词不定式一般用主动式
[举例]Jack is easy to fool.
He is difficult to deal with.
The man is hard to work with.
4>workbook
1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.
persuade
[用法]persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意为说服+成功;
而try to persuade意为'试图说服,但不一定成功',相当于advise
[试题]1.While shopping people sometimes can't help______into buying sth they don't really need.
A.to persuade B.persuading
C.being persuaded（√） D.be persuaded
2.I had______him not to stay up late,but he still didn't go to bed until midnight.
A.persuaded B.advised（√）
C.promised D.made
3.Alice trusts you;only you can_______her to give up the follish ideas.
A.suggest B.attract C.tempt D.persuade（√）
2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.
a large amount of
[用法]同large amounts of,后接不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词的数取决于amount的数
[联想]the amount of 后接不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词为单数
a number of 后接复数名词,做主语时谓语动词为复数
the number of 后接复数名词,做主语时谓语动词为单数
[举例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.
I have a large number of books on the subject.
We must often memorize large amounts of material.
A large amount of money is required.
Large amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
大量的资金被投放在地方市场上.
3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.
Up to
[用法]此处意为'高达...'
[联想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？
It's up to you!（由你做主）
I'm up to my ears[忙得不可开交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）
extinct
[用法]a.1. (火等)熄灭了的 2. 消亡了的;破灭了的 3. 绝种的,灭绝的
[举例]The volcano is extinct.
这座火山是座死火山。
My hope of getting some employment was extinct.
我要找到工作的希望落空了。
The passenger pigeon is extinct.
旅鸽已绝种。
4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.
among
[用法]在……当中
[举例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.
5>The bears can't find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.
go look for
[用法]寻找
[举例]Let's go look for some food. 让我们去找点吃的.
6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.
keep ... as ...
[用法]把...当作宠物来喂养
[联想]keep…as it is按原样保留
[举例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.
7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think how your world will 'work'.
Now that
[用法]既然;由于,引导原因状语从句
[举例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.
[试题]______you've got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.
A.Now that（√） B.After C.Although D.As soon as
8>Present your ideas to the class.
Present
[用法]此处为动词,意为'呈现','出示','提出'