作者：张庆
1. frightened; afraid
1) A ________ boy is crying.
2) I'm ________ I can't go to the cinema. My mother is sick.
3) The little girl is ________ to go out alone at night.
4) He was too ________ to speak.
2． none；no one
1) ________ of those buses go there.
2) -Are there any pictures in this book?
- ________ .
3) There was ________ here a few minutes ago.
3. real; true
1) It is _______that he has left London.
2) I'm learning to skate on ______ ice.
3) The old woman told me a _______story.
4． found; founded
1） After months of digging, they ________ very little gold.
2） She has already ________ her dictionary.
3） When was the PRC ________ ?
5. hear of; hear about; hear from
1) I've not ________ him for several weeks.
2) I've ________ him, but I don't know him.
3) I have never ________ his story before.
6. thanks to; thanks for
1） ________ John's kind help, we finished the work early.
2) ______ your good wishes.
3) But ______ space satellites the world is becoming a much smaller place.
答案与精析：
1．1) frightened 2) afraid 3) afraid 4) frightened
frightened 指突如其来的"震惊"。既可作表语，又可作定语。 afraid 多用于习惯地、经常地"惧怕"某些事，泛指一种恐惧心理，只能作表语，不能作定语。
2． 1） None 2） None 3） no one
none 与 no one 都可表示"没有人"。none可以用于人，也可以用于物，意思是"一个人也没有或没有任何东西"。 no one 只能用于人，意思是"谁也不，没有人"，口语中常用，而且比none的意味强得多。none作主语时，它后面的谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以，如强调整体情况，多用单数形式，如强调个体时，多用复数形式。no one 作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。回答how many 或how much问句用none; 回答who问句用no one 或nobody。
3. 1) true 2) real 3) true
real 表示"真的"，"真实的"，"名副其实的"，指的是客观存在，并非想象和虚构的，它是与"无"相对而言的。true是指"真正的"，"真实的"，强调与事实和实际情况相符。它是与"假"相对而言的。
4． 1） found 2） found 3） founded
found 既是不规则动词的find 的过去式和过去分词，本身又是一个动词原形，意思是"建立"。founded 为规则动词found 的过去式和过去分词。
5. 1) heard from 2) heard of 3)heard about / heard of
hear of 指听别人说起或提及某人或某事，即间接"听说"。hear about表示"听到......的详情"，常与hear of 换用。hear from "收到......的来信或信息"，介词宾语可以是人或地方。
6. 1) Thanks to 2) Thanks for 3) thanks to
thanks to意思是"多亏"、"由于"。这个短语多表达一种原因。作状语时，可位于句末，也可位于句首。thanks for是一个客套用语，意为"因......而感谢"，这里thanks可改为thank you。