Multiple choices
1. When and where was St Petersburg built?
A. Near the Neva River 300 years ago.
B. On the Neva River before 1603.
C. Beside the Neva River 300 years ago.
D. In the Neva River before 1603.
2. When St Petersburg was built, Russia was a ______country.
A. powerful B. weak C. small D. friendly
3. When was St Petersburg destroyed by the Germans?
A. In 1941. B. In 1917. C. 300 years ago. D. In World War Ⅱ.
4. What did the people of St Petersburg do to protect their history and culture from being destroyed by the Germans?
A. They put pieces of the palaces in secret places.
B. They guarded their city and never let the Germans in.
C. They sold the valuable paintings to other countries.
D. They buried valuable things in the snow.
5. What did the people of St Petersburg do during the German attack?
A. They did everything they could to save their city.
B. They stayed inside their home to avoid being killed.
C. They ran away to other parts of the country.
D. They first fought and then gave in.
6. How successful was the rebuilding of St Petersburg?
A. The palaces and buildings were rebuilt with some of their old beauty lost.
B. The city looks quite different from when it was first built.
C. The city looks quite the same as when it was first built.
D. It was a complete failure in spite of a lot of effort.
7. The text is mainly about the _______of St Petersburg.
A. beauty B. culture C. city D. builder
8. What does “heroes” in the title refer to?
A. The Russian Czars.
B. The people of St Petersburg.
C. The soldiers who guarded St Petersburg.
D. The painters and workers.
9. Why did the palaces often look like something out of a fairytale?
A. Because a lot of fairytales were painted on their walks.
B. Because their images (影象) could be seen in the water of the river.
C. Because Peter the Great loved reading fairytales.
D. Because they looked very wonderful.
10. Which of the following is true about the palaces?
A. Government officials are living in them.
B. They are used as government office buildings.
C. Nobody is allowed to enter them today.
D. They are used as museums for visits.
Key: BADAA CCBDD
Language points:
1． Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape .
Based on =which is based on
Base sth. on /upon sth. 以----为基础，以----为根据
这部电影是根据真人真事改编的。
This film is based on a true story.
理论(Theory) 总是以实践为基础。
Theories are always based on practice.
2． List the names and the importance of the sites, and what is being done to protect them.
Protect (常与from, against连用) ：保护使免于受到损坏、攻击、偷盗或伤害；保卫
他举起手臂护住脸部。
He raised his arm to protect his face.
你需要穿暖些以免着凉。
You need warm clothes to protect you against/from the cold.
秦始皇（Emperor Qin Shi Huang）把长城连接起来保护国土免受外来攻击。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up in order to protect the Kingdom against foreign attack.
Protection n. under the protection of 在----保护下
Protective adj. 防御用的，呵护的（be protective toward）
3. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture.
Represent: v. 象征，代表
在这篇文章中星号代表什么？
What does a star represent in this article?(represent可与stand for互换，当表示某一事物代表另一事物时，二者可通用。但当作为“代表”或“代理人”解时，用represent)
他将代表我们班在学校的歌咏比赛中唱歌。
He will represent our class to sing at the school singing contest.
代表那个国家出席会议的是外交部长。
The country was represented at the conference by the Foreign Minister.
博物馆藏有几幅代表这个艺术家早期风格(style)的油画。
The museum had several paintings that represented the artist’s early style.
representative adj./ n. 代表的/代表者
他的具有代表性的绘画 a representative collection of his paintings
中国的联合国代表 a representative of the P.R.C. in the UN
4．Select /choose / pick
select 侧重精选
choose 使用范围广，表示挑选，而非精选。
pick 与choose 同义
我正为我女儿选择生日礼物。
I am selecting the birthday present for my daughter.
只有五只钢笔可供挑选。
There are only five pens to choose from.
我们应该挑选这项任务的合适人选。
We should pick the right person for the task.
5．You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box----
include /including/included
include 及物动词，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。
Including是现在分词，有时被看作介词，含有补充说明之意。
Included是过去分词，放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，起着补充说明的作用。
我们三天的旅行包括去长城。
Our three-day trip will include a visit to the Great Wall.
这里所有的人，包括老人，都参加了抗洪斗争(the fight against the flood)。
Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people.
这本书化了我15美元，邮资包含在内。
This book cost me $15, postage included.
(Reading)
1．Where there is a river ,there is a city.有河流的地方就有城市。
where 在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于介词in/at/to +the place where从句（定语从句），意思“在----地方”。
无风不起浪；事出有因。
Where there is smoke, there is fire.
有志者是竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
竹子(Bamboo)在阳光充足的地方长的好。
Bamboo grows better where there is plenty of sunlight.
当你读这本书时，你最好在有问题的地方做记号。
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
主席号召青年人到需要他们的地方去。
The chairman called on the youths to go where they were needed.
2． It was under attack for 900 days , but the people of the city never gave in .城市（圣彼得堡）被德军围攻达900 天之久，但是，当地人民从未屈服。
under attack遭到攻击，常与be 动词连用。
这里的介词under作“经受或遭受”，“在----的过程中”等解释，前接be 动词，后接名词，有时表达进行时态的意思。例如：
此路在修（under repair），禁止机动车通行。
The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.
因为这件事还在讨论之中(under discussion)，所以现在还不能明确(definite)答复你。
As the matter is under discussion, I can’t give you a definite answer now.
这座桥正在建造中(under construction)。
The bridge is under construction.
3. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not give up.看来要恢复城市和他的文化遗迹原貌是不可能办到的事， 但是这座伟大城市的人民决不肯放弃。
seem 的用法：
1) seem 后可接形容词、名词、不定式、分词或介词短语等作表语。“似乎，好象”，“看来”之意。
看来他对你的工作还挺满意的。
He seems quite pleased with your work.
他对你好像评价很高。
He seemed to think highly of you.
我好像曾经见过她。
I seem to have seen her before.
这个城市似乎有点变化。
This town seems changed a little.
人人似乎都是兴高采烈的。
Everybody seems in high spirits.
2)Seem 后接to be ，注意to be的省略情况。例如：
汤姆今天上午来看你，他似乎很疲劳。
Tom, who seemed (to be) tired, came to see you this morning.
Yesterday I met a man who seemed (to be) the famous director.
I spoke to a tall man who seemed to be the boss.(to be不能省略，当名词前没有修饰语时，to be不能省略)
3)There seems (to be ) 好像有，似乎有。
这台电脑好像出故障了。
There seems (to be) something the matter with your computer.
4) It seems (+to sb.) 后接that或as if (as though) 从句， that /as if 有时可省略, 表示“（在某人看来）好象, 似乎是---”。在此句型中，表示客观事实时用陈述句；表示与事实相反时用虚拟语气。
我认为他是对的。
It seems to me that he is right.
It seems that he knows everything. (=He seems to know everything.)
It seems as if he were in a dream.
It seems as if they have finished their task.
4. Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russian. 圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致，他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united为前置定语，在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
The people of St Petersburg, who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes of Russia.
当主语比较短时，这类短语常常放在句首。又如：
Confident, selfless and honest, she is my good role model.她自信、无私、诚实，是我的楷模。
又冷又饿，他入睡了。
Cold and hungry, he went to sleep.
5．Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.建筑遭到毁坏，画和雕塑也都倒在地上成了碎片。
Damage /destroy /ruin
Damage 表示损坏，主要用于物，损坏后一般可以修复。
Destroy 表示十分彻底的“破坏”，一般不能或很难修复。
Ruin 一般指抽象的“毁灭”或一般意义上的“弄坏”。
地震毁了几所房子。
The earthquake damaged some houses.
在某种程度上，现代工业的发展几乎已经摧毁了人类赖以生存的自然环境。
Modern industrial development has almost destroyed the natural environment in some way, which the humans must rely on.
吸烟过量毁坏了他的健康。
Heavy smoking ruined his health.
如果你继续此种愚行，你便会自毁前途。
You will ruin your future if you continue to be so foolish.
5. in ruins 成为废墟的，破败不堪
那建筑物已成废墟。
The building is in ruins.
ruin n. 毁灭，崩溃的状态
bring ----to ruin 使----毁灭，使---没落
go /come to ruin 灭亡
6. ----but the people of the city never gave in .但是城市里的人民决不屈服。
----,but the people of this great city would not give up.但是这个伟大城市里的人民将不会放弃。
Give in 表示屈服、让步，后面不带任何宾语.
Give up 表示放弃、终止，让给。后面可带宾语，也可不带。
在公共汽车上，如果老人站着，小孩子应该让座。
Children should give up their seats on the bus if old people are standing.
这大大超出我的能力了，我决定放弃。
It is quite beyond my power. I’m determined to give up.
他最终不得不向警察屈服。
He had to give in to the policeman in the end .
不管我们有多少困难，我们都不会屈服。
No matter how many difficulties we may have, we won’t give in.
Give off 放出（光、烟、气味等） give off a nice smell
Give out 分发， 分配，发出（声音、气味、光线等），（力量、燃料）用尽 give out newspapers
Give away送掉，赠送，泄露（秘密），give money away to the Hope Project
Give over to --- 把----交给---/把---委托给---give the thief over to the police
7． ----and we will do everything we can to save our city.并且我们将竭尽全力来挽救我们的城市。
do everything we can to save ---是一个很重要的句型，其结构为： do everything /what sb. can/could (do) to do----, 相当于do /try one’s best to do ----意思是“尽某人之所能去做----”,to save our city 是动词不定式作目的状语，we can 为定语从句，从句中do被省略。
医生们正在竭尽全力来挽救这个病人。
The doctors are doing everything they can to save the patient.
我们要尽力帮助穷人。
We must do what we can to help the poor.
8． hide (hid, hidden) vt. & vi.隐藏，躲藏，掩饰
hide sth. from sb.向某人隐瞒某事Go into hiding ,be in hiding躲藏起来；play hide-and-seek捉迷藏；
Hidden 隐藏的，秘密的， adj. hidden treasure / keep this hidden
太阳被云遮掩了。
The sun was hidden by the clouds.
A)-----你躲在哪儿的？
B)----我躲在桌子下面的。
A)----Where did you hide?
B)----I hid (myself) under the table.
她设法掩饰自己的失望心情，不让他们知道。
She tried to hide her disappointment from them..
她力图掩饰自己的感情。
She tried to hide her feelings.
9．bring ---- back to life使----恢复/复原，使----又复活（苏醒），救活
那个城市被烧毁，几乎无法恢复复员。
The city was burnt down. It can hardly be brought back to life.
无人能救活那个战士。
No one can bring the soldier back to life.
10. replace vt. 取代；换
replace sb./sth (=take the place of sb./sth)
乔治代替爱德华做了队长。
George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.
他受了伤，别的选手接替了他。
He was hurt and another player replaced him.
11． ----,the people of St.. Petersburg have shown that dreams can come true.--- 圣彼得堡的人民（向世人）展示梦想可以变成现实
come true (希望、理想)实现、达到
他的上大学的梦想终于实现了。
His dream to go to college has come true at last.
人的梦想并非总能实现。
One’s dream does not always come true.
11. It is said to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project. 这个工程据说是这个城市最大的文化遗址修复工程。
Sb, /sth. is said to be /do
=It is said that it is the city’s largest-----
=People said that it is the city’s largest ----
“据说----，听说----”，it 为形式主语，代替后面的that 从句和不定式短语。
据说他将被派到国外接受深造。
It is said that he will be sent abroad for further study.
=He is said to be sent abroad for further study.
12. As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 meters.由于大坝的作用，湖水的水位线将上升63米。
By 到（某事物的）程度；增减程度
他比约翰大四岁。
He is older by four years than John.
在过去的三年中，工业生产增加了。
Industrial production has risen by in the past three years.
Rise (go down) by 10%升（降）了10 %
rise to 63 meters.上升到63米
13. Also, around the area of Aswan there are a lot of important old temples ,which date from about 1250BC. 并且在Aswan 地区周围有很多重要的古寺庙，它们的历史可追溯到大约公元前1250年。
Date from (back to) 始于----，追溯到
他对集邮感兴趣是从上学时开始的。
His interest in stamp collecting dates from his school days.
这些旧的大楼很可能追溯到明朝。
These old buildings possibly date from the Ming Period.
14． And missing pieces have been replaced .
Missing adj. 失踪的，找不到的
那架飞机仍然下落不明。
The plane is still missing.
Miss v. 未中，使----逃掉；想念；错过，失去
我们没有赶上公共汽车，就走回家了。
We missed the bus and walked home.
如果你搬走，我们会很想念你的。
We’ll miss you very much if you move.
Miss doing 没能做----， 没有----
那小孩差一点就让车子撞到。
The child missed being hit by a car.
15． Second, the number of visitors should be limited.其二，游客的人数应该受限制。
Limit限制 n. & v.
母亲限制我们每一个人只可吃一块蛋糕。（limit +n./pron.+ to +n..）
My mother limited us to one cake each.
日本限制橙的进口。
Japan limits the import of oranges.
我能为你做的事有限。
There is a limit to what I can do for you .
他的忍耐已经到了极限。
His patience reached its limit.
Limited adj. 有限的 limited company / a limited time
他的历史知识相当有限。
His knowledge of history is rather limited.
Without limit 无限地
16. Buildings were destroyed , and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.建筑物被毁坏，绘画 和雕像成为碎片，散落在地上。
1) Lie vi lay , lain lying 躺，卧，保持----状态， 处于，
Lie on the grass 躺在草地上
Cities lying in ruins 成废墟状态的城市
日本位于中国的东部。
Japan lies to the east of China.
展现在我们面前的风景非常美丽。
The landscape lying before us is very lovely.
2)Lie vi. lied , lied ,lying 撒谎，欺骗
不要对我撒谎。
Don’t lie to me .
17. Today Peter the Great on his bronze horse can once again look out over the city he built.
今天，比得大帝骑在铜马背上，再一次俯视他曾经建造的城市。
Look （out）over sth.=inspect or examine sth. 检阅或检查某事
Grammar
The present perfect passive voice (现在完成时态的被动语态)
只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词加介词也可构成被动语态。被动语态的时态与主动语态的时态一致，被动语态的现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，重点看它对现在造成的结果和影响，结构为：have/has been done.
They have already built the bridge. （→被动语态）
The bridge has already been built.
这个故事已经被翻译成英语。
This story has been translated into English.
被动语态的使用场合：
1)不知道动作的发出者是谁。
His bike has been stolen.
2)没有必要说出动作的发出者。
Three buildings have been built in our school recently.
3强调动作的承受者。
The book has been translated into many foreign languages.
4)短语动词的被动语态。
The children have been taken good care of for three years.