作者：周少君
－－动词被动语态
一、 动词各种时态被动语态的考查热点分析
在肯定句中，特别是在某一语境中，对各种时态的被动语态进行考查，这时应注意各种时态的被动语态的构成方式以及各种时态的用法；考查含有情态动词的被动语态，其构成方式为："情态动词 ＋ be ＋ 过去分词"；在疑问句中考查各种时态的被动语态，这时应注意谓语动词与主语之间的关系。
二、 被动语态典型考例及分析
1. -Linda, you ______ on the phone.
-I am coming. Thank you. (2004威海市)
A. want B. are wanted C. have wanted D. wanted
［分析］ 选B。句意为"有电话找你"，而"你"是被"找"。
2. A talk on science ______ in our school next Monday. (2004陕西省)
A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given
［分析］ 选B。由时间状语可知要用一般将来时，又因为talk (报告) 与动词give之间是被动关系，故选B。
3. The bookshop ______ for six years. （2004梧州市）
A. has been open B. has been opened
C. has opened D. has open
［分析］ 选A。open用作动词时是非持续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而这里有for six years这样的时间状语，故选A。has been open中的open是形容词。
4. I'm sorry you can't go in now. The room ______ yet. （2004黄冈市）
A. hasn't been cleaned B. hasn't cleaned
C. isn't been cleaned D. isn't being cleaned
［分析］选A。由句中的yet 一词可知要用现在完成时，这里room与clean之间是被动关系，故选A。
5. - Someone has stolen my handbag.
- When ______ it ______?（2004十堰市）
A. did, steal B. has , stolen C. has, been stolen D. was, stolen
［分析］ 选D。在when引导的疑问句中一般要用一般过去时或一般将来时。"手提包"是"被偷"，故选D。
6. -Don't litter the ground, boy. Look at the sign : " Rubbish ______ into the dustbin."
-Sorry. （2004襄樊市）
A. has throw B. was throw
C. must throw D. must be thrown
［分析］ 选D。rubbish与throw之间是被动关系，而B项时态又与语境不符，故选D。
一、 形容词、副词考查热点：
形容词用来作表语、定语；副词用来作状语；形容词的比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级；形容词比较级前的修饰语。
二、 形容词、副词典型考例及分析
1. -What delicious cakes!(2004南昌市)
-They would taste ____ with butter.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
[分析] 选B。这是一个暗含比较级的考查。答语意为"涂上黄油它们会更好吃"。
2. -What do you think of the football match? (2004河南省)
-Wonderful! The Chinese football team has never played _____.
A. better B. best C. worse D. worst
[分析] 选A。这也是一个暗含比较级的考查。答语意为"棒极了！中国足球队从来没有比这次踢得更好"。注意：暗含比较级的考查是中考热点中的热点。又如：How beautiful she sings. I've never heard a better voice. (2004无锡市)
3. -Do you enjoy travelling by plane? (2004西宁市)
-No. It's _____ expensive.
A. much more B. more much C. too much D. much too
[分析] 选D。much more 意为"多得多"，much修饰比较级more ; too much 意为"太多"用来修饰不可数名词；much too意为"非常；极其"，用来修饰形容词、副词。
4. -Who is ____ in your class? -Fred is. (2004宁德市)
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
[分析] 选D。当句子中有 in短语或of 短语表示比较的范围时，形容词、副词常用最高级形式。
5. China has a _____ population and long history. (2004本溪市)
A. many B. large C. much D. big
[分析] 选B。population不能用many, much, little, few来修饰，而要用large 或small。
6. The light in the room wasn't ____ for me to read. (2004潍坊市)
A. brightly enough B. enough brightly
C. enough bright D. bright enough
[分析] 选D。作表语时要用形容词。而用enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置，故选D。
7. The football match was ____, so the boys were ____ about it. (2004梧州市)
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited
C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
[分析] 选B。一些与心理状态有关的形容词有V-ing和V-ed两种形式：V-ing形式往往译作"令人......的"，用来修饰物；V-ed形式往往译作"感到......的"，用来修饰人。这样的词还有：interesting, interested, surprising, surprised 等
－－代词、There be 结构
一、代词考查热点：
人称代词主格、宾格的用法；形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法；反身代词的用法；不定代词both, all, none, other, another, others, either, neither, every, each, some等的用法; 指示代词以及one 和it 的用法。
二、代词典型考例及分析：
1. Jim likes_________sister's camera, but she doesn't want to give it to_________. (2004梧州)
A. her, her B. her, hers
C. his, his D. his, him
[分析] 选D。Jim是男的，"他的"姐姐，故用his ; 介词后面用宾格人称代词。
2. Don't lose_________in computer games, boys. (2004威海)
A. yourself B. yourselves
C. himself D. themselves
[分析] 选B。句意为"男孩儿们，你们不要沉迷于电脑游戏"。lose oneself in ... 意为"沉迷于......"。
3. That boy always helps others, so he has_________friends. (2004太原)
A. little B. few C. much D. many
[分析] 选D。由上文可推知"他"有许多朋友，故选D。
4. -The exam was very easy, wasn't it? (2004芜湖)
-Yes, but I don't think _________could pass it.
A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
[分析] 选D。答语意为"是的，可是我认为并不是每个人都能及格"。故选D。
5. -A latest English newspaper, please! (2004南昌)
-Only one copy left. Would you like to have_________, sir?
A. it B. one C. this D. that
[分析] 选A。it指的就是the only one copy"剩下的那一份"，别无选择。
6. Excuse me, sir. I bought the shoes yesterday, but they are in different sizes. One is Size 37,_________is Size 38. (2004新疆生产建设兵团)
A. another B. the other
C. the others D. other
［分析］选B。the other 有"（两个中的）另一个"之意，常用于one ... the other 这种结构中。这里指"鞋子一个37码，另一个38码"。
7. I've read several books, but_________of them is funny. (2004黑龙江)
A. neither B. either C. none D. all
［分析］选C。neither 意为"两者都不"，其反义词为either; none 意为"（三者或三者以上中）没有一个"，其反义词为all. 这里由but 可知应该表示否定，故选C。
三、 There be 结构考查热点:
There be结构的主谓一致; There be结构与have / has 的区别; There be结构的一般将来时; There be结构的反意疑问句。
四、 There be结构典型考例及分析：
1. There_________a football match on TV this evening. (2004陕西)
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
[分析] 选B。There be 结构的一般将来时为There is going to be ...或There will be ...，其中的be动词不能改为have。
2. There is a beautiful clock on the wall,_________? (2004柳州)
A. isn't there B. is there
C. isn't it D. doesn't it
[分析] 选A。There be 结构在构成反意疑问句时，附加问句部分的主语仍用there.
－－名词、冠词
一、 名词考查热点
纵观近几年的中考试题，可发现中考对名词的考查热点在于：名词的单、复数；不可数名词数量的表达；名词所有格的用法；名词作主语时的主谓一致；语境中名词的选择。
二、 名词的典型考例及分析
1. This is ______ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. (2004河北省)
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's
C. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane's
[分析] 选D。当某物为几个人所共有时，只在最后一个名词后用所有格形式。这里bedroom为单数，为两个人所共有，故选D。
2. Half of the class ______ most of the work. Some of the work ______ really difficult. (2004镇江市)
A. have done, is B. has done , are
C. has done, is D. have done, are
[分析] 选A。集体名词作主语时如果强调整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调组成集体的成员，谓语动词用复数；不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。这里前面的集体名词class强调其中的成员，后面的work是不可数名词，故选A。
3. When we see dark ______ in the sky , we know that rain may come soon. (2004威海市)
A. stars B. planes C. clouds D. things
[分析] 选C。由下文可知"快下雨了"，那么肯定是看见"乌云"了，故选C。在语境中选择恰当的名词是近几年中考的热点。
4. -What can I do for you, sir?
-I'd like two ______． （2004常德市）
A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges
[分析] 选C。不可数名词的具体数量要用"a / an / 基数词 + 计量名词 + of + 不可数名词"这一结构来表示，其中计量名词(piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等)是可数名词。这里orange意为"橙汁"是不可数名词，故选C。
5. On ______ Day the boys and girls had a good time. （2004梧州市）
A. Children B. Children's C. Children' D. childrens
[分析] 选B。以-s结尾的复数名词所有格只加"'"，但不是以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格仍然要加"'s"，故选B。
三、 冠词考查热点
冠词考查的热点：不定冠词a和an的用法；定冠词the的用法； "零冠词"的用法；习惯用语中冠词的正确使用等等。
四、 冠词典型考例及分析
1. -You're dropped ______ "s " in the word. (2004徐州市)
-Oh, sorry. ______ letter "s " should be doubled like this "glass. "
A. a, A B. an, A C. an, The D. the, The
[分析] 选C。首次出现要用a / an，再次提到要用the。字母s 读作 /es/ , 以元音音素开头，其前的不定冠词要用an。
2. ______ boy hurt his leg. He is in ______ hospital now. (2004威海市)
A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. The, /
[分析] 选D。定冠词the 常用来表示"特指"有"这个（些），那个（些）"之意，这里的boy要特指。in hospital 意为"住院"，in a / the hospital 意为"在某一家 / 这家医院"。