Unit 17 My teacher

发布时间:2016-10-8编辑:互联网

【重点词语】

 patience 容忍,耐心

 keep 保持,保留

 gifted 有才华的,有天赋的

 consider 考虑,认为

 at breakfast 正在吃早餐

 human being 人

 burst into laughter 哈哈大笑起来

 look upon 回顾

【重点难点讲解】

 1, …one or two people had told my mother that I was simple-minded.

 有一两个人曾对我母亲说过我头脑简单。

 1)one or two…后的动词用复数,one or two还可作主语。但a/an…or two可当作集合名词看待,而动词取单复数都可,由讲话者或作者主观上而定。如:

 There are one or two things that must be remembered . 有几件事必须记住。

 Only one or two have been questioned about the case. 有关该案只有一两个人受到审问。

 Only a word or two is/are needed here . 这儿只需几句话就行了。

 2)simple-minded 头脑简单的。minded作为形容词常构成复合词,含"有……头脑的(思想的,观念的,意识强的)"。如:

 small-minded气量小的

 absent-minded心不在焉的

 noble-minded思想高尚的

 independent-minded有独立见解的

 like-minded观点相同的

 tradition-minded有传统观念的

 lazy-minded 思想懒惰

 sports-minded醉心体育运动的

 safety-minded安全意识强的。

 2, A born teacher, she thought she would turn a deaf- blind person into a useful human being.

 她是一位天生的教师, 她认为她能把一个又聋又瞎的人变成为一个有用的人。

 born作形容词是"天生的,生来的"如:

 a born fool 天生的傻子

 a born musician 天生的音乐家

 a recently born idea 新近产生的想法

 He is born rich . 他生来有钱。

 3, I reached out to Annie's hand . 我把手伸向安妮的手。

 reach out 伸出手(臂),可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词。如:

 She reached out and took down a dictionary from the top shelf . 她伸手从最高一格书架上取下一本词典。

 She reached out her hand and offered to shake his . 她伸了手去,想和他握手。

 4, She also brought me into touch with everything that could be felt ━━ soil, wood, silk.

 她还使我接触到所有能感觉到的东西 ━━ 泥土、木板、丝绸。

 bring into 使进入某种状态。bring sb into touch ( contact, association)

 with…使接触到。如:

 This brought us into touch with a wide circle of people . 这使我们有机会广泛接触各式各样的人。

 5, As I look back upon those years, I am struck by Annie's wisdom.

 当我回顾那些岁月时,安妮的智慧使我惊叹不已。

 look back"回顾,回忆"(=think about the past, recall the past), 后接on, upon, to, over介词短语。如:

 Looking back upon our achievements, we are firmly convinced that we shall be able to achieve even greater victories . 回顾我们所取得的成就,我们坚信将能取得更大的胜利。

 6,It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak .

 安妮以极大的耐心和想象力教我说话。

 as well as 在此处是连词"和,又,也,除……外还"。 在表示"不但……而且……"时则侧重强调前者,谓语与前者一致。而"not only…but also …"则侧重于后者,谓语与后者一致。如:

 He can speak French as well as English . 他不但会讲英语,而且还会讲法语。

 She is not only hardworking but also clever . 她不但用功,而且聪明。

 (He as well as we is(=Not only we but also he is ) eager to know the results .

 不仅我们,而且他也急于想知道结果。

 7, To Annie I owe thanks for this priceless gift of speech.

 我得感谢安妮给了我说话能力这个无价之宝。

 owe…to 应该把……归功于。如:

 She owes her success to hard work . 她把成功归因于辛勤工作。

【词语辨析】

 1,human, human being, human race, mankind, man, person, people, soul, creature

 human adj . 人的,有关人的;人类的;有人性的。该词还可作名词表"人",常用该词构成a human being一个人, human beings人们, human race 人类,在将人与动物、神仙、鬼等比较时常用human, 其复数形式为humans。如:

 Are robots as clever as humans?机器人跟人一样聪明吗?

 person 可以指man, woman或child,其复数形式常是people,用persons 则强调数量的概念。"一个人"是a   person, 不能说 a people, "两个人"可说two persons/people。

 man的单数形式并其前不加冠词可表"人类",相当于mankind。如:

 Man's knowledge of things constantly develops . 人类的认识总是不断发展的。

 people 泛诣"人们",the people 人民,人们,a people, peoples民族。如:

 The Chinese are a hardworking people . 中华民族是勤劳的民族。

 serve the people为人民服务,many people at the meeting . 出席会议的人很多。the English-speaking peoples 使用英语的各民族。

 soul, creature 在书面语中常表"人",常与数词连用并带感情色彩。soul还表"首脑,核心人物"如;

 Won't someone help that poor pretty creature?难道没人帮助那可怜但美丽的人吗?

 The ship was lost off the coast with all souls . 这条船在沿海失事,船上的人全部遇难。

 an important soul in the strike 罢工中的核心人物。

 2,priceless, price, priced, value, invaluable, valueless, precious, worthless

 price n . 价格,价钱;代价。priced有定价的。priceless(无比较级和最高级)无价的,贵重的(=invaluable)。如:

 Up goes the price of the vinegar!醋价又上涨了。

 the priced steel有定价的钢材

 make a priceless contribution to human beings 为人类作出宝贵的贡献。

 Good health is priceless . 健康是无价之宝。

 value价,价值。估价,评价;珍重。valuable adj . 有价值的,贵重的。invaluable无价的(指无法衡量的高价值,相当于priceless)。如:

 This book is of more value than that one. 这本书比那本书价钱贵。

 You don't know the value of health. 你不知道健康的重要性。

 valueless无价值的,没有用的(=worthless)。如:

 a worthless, broken tool 没有用的工具。

 3, health, healthy, healthful

 health "健康;卫生",常用于be in good/poor health 身体很(不)健康。 healthy "健康的,健壮 的"(having health),当healthy 引伸为"有益于健康"的时候可与healthful换用。healthful "有益于健康的"( giving health)。如:

 Fresh air and exercise are good for the health . 新鲜空气和运动有益于健康。

 Swimming is a healthful exercise . 游泳是一项有益于健康的运动。

 Every person needs water and a diet of healthy/healthful food . 人人需要饮水和食用有益于健康的食品。

 4,reach与arrive:

 这两个词都有"到"的意思。reach表示到达什么地点时,是及物动词,后面直接跟表示地点的名词。例如:

 In October 1935 the Red Army reached northern ShanBei.一九三五年十月红军到达陕北。

 When does the train reach London?火车什么时候到达伦敦?

 arrive是不及物动词,表示到达什么地点时,后面应接介词in或at,例:

 He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。

 We arrived at the station in hot haste.我们急急忙忙赶到车站。

【语法-系表结构】

一、系表结构

 联系动词和名词、形容词、不定式、动词-ing 式,分词和副词连用,构成系表结构。

 That sounds a good idea.这听起来是个好主意。

 She turned red at the words.她听了这话脸红了。

 Speaking English may be difficult at first but it comes easy after plenty of practice.说英语开头有些难,多练习之后就容易了。

 He remained standing there for a couple of hours.他在那里站了两个钟头。

 The meeting wasn't over until midnight.会议开到半夜才结束。

二、"变成"类系动词及搭配

 常见的"变成"类系动词有 become , get , come , go , grow , fall , turn , run 等,都表示从一种状态到另一种状态。尽管意思差不多,但搭配有差别。我们要注意以下几个方面。

1 . 形容词作表语。

 go 和 come 是一对相反的词。"go + adj . "表示令人不快的事情,而"come + adj . "则表示好的事情。例如:

 In hot weather , meat goes bad .

 Things will come right in the end .

 go 与 come 前面的主语一般是物。例如:

 (误)She goes famous .

 (正)She becomes(gets)famous .

 表语为mad , crazy(古怪的),blind , lame 或表示颜色的词,go 前面的主语可以是人。例如:

 He went mad.

 Hearing this, she went red.

 run 后面接 short , dry , low , deep 等词,主语多为能流动,能消耗掉的东西。例如:

 Their money was running short.

 Still waters run deep.

 但 wild 作表语,主语可以是人。例如:

 Don't let the children run wild . 不要让孩子们毫无约束(变野了)。

 grow 与 run 相对,接表示人或物特征的静态形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,侧重于"逐渐变成"。例如:

 The girl grew thinner and thinner.

 Soon the sky grew light .

 turn 多接表示颜色的形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不同。

 The man turned blue with fear . 因害怕,这个人变得忧郁起来。

 The weather suddenly turned much colder .

 fall 接 asleep , silent 等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。例如:

 She fell ill from cold .

 (误)She fell worse .

 (正)She got worse .

 fall short(没中),fall apart(散开),fall flat(没效果),可作成语记住。

 "get + adj . "是口语,用得广泛,get能替代become , become 较正式,get 与 become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。例如:

 He became(got)angry .

 His coat has become(got)badly torn .

 get较多地与形容词比较级连用。例如:

 The days are getting longer and longer .

 注意:become 一般不用于"将来成为"的意思。例如:

 (误)I hope you will become well .

 (正)I hope you will get well .

 2, become , turn , get , go , fall 能用名词作表语,其它的则不能。例如:

 His dream has become(got)a reality .

 He has turned scientist .

 He has gone socialist .

 He fell(a)victim to cancer . (他患了癌症。)

 注意:go , turn 后面的名词通常不带冠词。

 3, become , get , grow 能接过去分词,并且 come 和 go 多接有否定前缀的过去分词。

 "get + 过去分词"表示一次行为;"become + 过去分词"表示事情发生的最后结果。

 The string comes untied .

 His report went unnoticed .

 The fence gets white--washed every year .

 She became engaged as a typist .

 4, get , go , come 能接现在分词,不过它们已失去"成为"的意思。例如:

 They went in and got chatting together . (开始)

 We often go swimming. (去)

 He came running in. (来)

 5. come , grow , get 能接不定式,这种结构表示变化过程,come 表示"最终变得",get 表示"由不……变得",grow 表示"渐渐变得"。例如:

 I've really come to love this place.

 Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother.

 You'll soon get to like it.

 这种结构不能用于带有一段时间的完成时态。例如:

 (误)They have got to know each other for years .

 (正)They have known each other for years .

 6, 它们都可以接介词短语,固定搭配需要一个一个地记。例如:

 They went(grow)out of fashion . (它们变得不时髦了。)

 They ran out of money .

 The problem will come under discussion .

 They fell behind the others .

It's getting near tea-time .