I. 重点词语
active adj. 积极的；主动的；敏捷的
hopeless adj. 绝望的；无望的
throw away 扔掉
deal with 处理
get rid of 摆脱
depend on 依靠; 视……而定
break up 分解(物理变化)
be active in 在……积极
make an active effort 努力
take out 拿出, 去掉
compared with 与……比较
clean up 收拾; 整理
take up 吸收(水分); 溶解(固体)
II. 课文讲解
一. 难句分析
1. Let me remind you what we are looking for.我来提醒大家一下我们要找的东西。
remind vt. - to make someone think about something they might have forgotten提醒；使人们想起（可能忘记的事）
If I forget, please remind me.如果我忘了，请提醒我。
Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.请提醒我在中午之前给他打个电话。
2. I suppose it's better to be safe than sick.我想平安总比生病好。
suppose 意为"想，认为，猜测"；(同义词：think, guess)
I suppose that is my fault.我想那是我的错。
I don't suppose I'll trouble you again.我想我不会再来麻烦你了。
He supposed it was too late to change his mind.他想改变主意已为时太晚。
Who could have supposed you were going to do such a thing?
谁会想到你竟要做这样一件事呢？
suppose还常用于插入语中，如：
You don't mind my smoking, I suppose?我想你不介意我抽支烟吧？
What do you suppose that dance is?你认为那是什么舞蹈？
3. How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today.
get rid of除掉，摆脱
He cant' get rid of the cold.
You should get rid of your bad habits.
4. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is poured directly into the sea without being treated.在许多有海岸的国家，人类的粪便没经过处理就直接投入了大海。
without意为"不；没有"，后跟名词或V-ing形式。如：
He went to work without his breakfast.他没吃早饭就上班去了。
She passed by without saying hello to me.她走了过去，竟然没跟我打声招呼。
Tom entered the room without being seen by anyone.汤姆在谁也没看见的情况下进了屋
5. Although the sea breaks up the waste, beaches may become polluted and may not be safe to eat.虽然海水可分解废物，但海滩会被污染，鱼吃起来也会不安全。
break up意为"分解；分裂；驱散；解散"
Sentence can be broken up into clauses, and clauses into phrases.
句子可分为各种子句，子句可分为各种短语。
6. Other waste may be thrown into the sea, either 19 kilometers from land, or more than 40 kilometers from land, depending on the nature of the materials.其他的废物可以倒入海中，或者离陆地１９公里，或者离陆地４０公里，这取决于材料的性质。
depend on依靠；依赖；视……而定
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿女们依赖他们的父母供给衣食。
Price depends on the quality.价格依质量而定。
Whether we'll go camping or not this weekend depends on the weather.
这个周末是否去露营要看天气。
7. The problem of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been set up to protect the world and to fight against pollution.处理废物的问题变得如此重要以至于现在已经建立了好几个国际组织，来保护世界和与污染作斗争。
deal with对付；处理；与……打交道；论述；涉及
That matter has already been dealt with.那件事已经处理了。
The sick man was difficult to manage, but the nurse dealt with him all right.
这个病人不好管理，但那个护士对他却很有办法。
The article deals with the housing problem.这篇文章论述了住房问题。
8. It has a research team of scientists and has been very active in protecting the Pacific Ocean.它（绿色和平组织）有一支由科学家组成的研究队伍，在保护太平洋的工作中一直是很积极的。
be active in在……方面积极
He is always active in politics.他总是积极从事于政治。
She has been very active in helping those disabled children.她一直积极致力于帮助残疾孩子。
二. 固定用法与辨析
1. 辨析gather与collect:
两词都表示"集中，归拢"，但两者有细微区别。
gather既可用于人，也可用于物。如：
gather flowers 采集花
gather one's ideas together集中思想。
collect很多场合与gather完全同义，但一般只用于物，指有选择或有一定计划将零散事物归拢。如：
collect money: 筹募资金
gather money 攒钱。
2. 辨析seek 与search:
两词都表"搜寻"，但有差别。
seek指对高目标或抽象事物的追求。如：
seek knowledge渴望知识。
而search指仔细寻找或检查某地点或某人。如：
The police searched his house. 警察搜查了他的房子。
3. 辨析rubbish与refuse:
两词都表"废物，垃圾"，但两者有细微差别。
refuse指堆积在一起的破烂无用东西。如：
The refuse was unloaded at the city dump. 垃圾倾倒在城市的垃圾场上。
rubbish指垃圾特意集中起来以便清除掉，但不象refuse那样成堆成批的存在，该词也常用于比喻。如：
Put the rubbish into the fire. 把垃圾烧掉。
He talked a lot of rubbish. 他说了一大堆废话。
4. 辨析sort of与a sort of:
sort of是口语用语，只能作状语，放在所修饰的动词、形容词前，表示"有几分，有点儿"。如：
I sort of thought you might do it. 我有几分料到你会这么做。
a sort of 只作定语，表示"一种……"。如：
a new sort of radio 一种新型收音机。
三. 语法知识
Word Formation
英语主要有三种构词法：
1. 转化（conversion）是由一个词类转化为另一词类，拼写不变。
（1）v. →n. 动词转化名词，意思变化不大。
have a try 试一试 go for a walk 去散步
（2）v. →n. 动词转化名词，意思有一定的变化。
equal say平等的发言权
（3）n.→v. 名词转化动词。
book the ticket 定票 chair the meeting 主持会议
（4）adj→v. 形容词转化动词。
The train slowed down. 火车减速了。
The sun can warm up the soil. 太阳可使土地暖和起来。
（5）v. →n. 动词转化成名词后重音发生变化。动词重音在后，名词重音在前。
increase [in'kri:s] v. 增加 ['inkri:s] n. 增加
2. 派生（Derivation）通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
（1） 前缀
i. 反义词前缀：un-, dis-, in-, im-, ir-, it-, non
ii. 其他意思前缀：re-重新；co-共同；anti-反对；over-过于；pre-预先；post-在……之后；fore-前；self-自动的，自我的；semi-半 vice-副；bi-双；tri-三。
iii. 动词构成前缀：en-(endanger)
iv. a-构成形容词（asleep）
（2） 后缀
i. 名词：-er, -or, -ess, -ian, -ness, -tion, -ment, -ing, -ship, -ity, -ance, -ence等。
ii. 形容词：-ful, -less, -ish, -ous, -able, -ly, -y, -some
iii. 动词：-ize, -en, -ify
iv. 副词：-ly, -ward, -wise
v. 数词：-teen, -ty, -th
3. 合成（Compounding）由两个或更多的词合成一个词。
i. 形容词：good-looking 好看的；peace-loving 热爱和平的
ii. 名词：shorthand速记；waiting room候车室
iii. 动词：overthrow推翻
iv. 副词：maybe 或许；whoever不管是谁