Unit10 The world around
Reference for Teaching
一、异域风情
Ⅰ.American Black Bears
American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name.In the eastern part of their range,most of these bears have shiny black fur,but in the west they grow brown,red,or even yellow coats.To the north,the black bear is actually gray or white in color.Even in the same litter(一胎所生的小动物),both brown and black furred bears may be born.
Black bears are the smallest of all American bears,ranging in length from five to six feet,weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds.Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.
Like all bears,the black bear is timid(胆小的),clumsy(笨拙的)and rarely dangerous,but if attacked,most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds.When angry or frightened,it is a formidable(可怕的)enemy.
Black bears feed on leaves,herbs,roots,fruit,berries,insects,fish and even larger animals.One of the most interesting characteristics of bears,including the black bear,is their winter sleep.Unlike squirrels,woodchucks,and many other woodland animals,bears do not actually hibernate.Although the bear does not eat during the winter months,sustaining itself from body fat,its temperature remains almost normal,and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.
Most black bears live alone,except during mating(交配)season.They prefer to live in caves,hollow logs,or dense thickets(灌木丛).A litter of one to four cubs is born in January or February after a gestation(怀孕)period of six to nine months,and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old.Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild,and even longer in preserves(禁猎地) set aside for them.
Ⅱ.Americans And Their Pets
Americans love pets.And it’s not just puppy-love (不成熟的爱).Many pet owners treat their furry friends as part of the family.Sometimes they spice(使增添趣味)up their pets’ lives with entertaining videos and amusing toys.If they have an eye for fashion,pet owners can dress their pets in stylish clothes.For special occasions,they can use canine perfume(狗专用的香水)to make their dogs smell well,less beastly.You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children-sometimes even better.
In America,there are more households with pets than those with children.At least 43 percent of U.S. homes have pets of some sort.Exotic(外国产的)creatures,such as monkeys,snakes and even wolves,find a home with some Americans.More common pets include tropical fish,mice and birds.But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs.Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets.“Dog people”and “cat people”often enjoy friendly rivalries(争辩).
Leading a dog’s life in America isn’t such a bad thing.Many grocery stores sell pet foods to owners eager to please their pets.In Houston,Texas,dogs can have their dinner delivered to their homes,just like pizza.Well-to-do dogs can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work.Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation.Fancy(豪华的)hotels are beginning to accommodate(接纳……住宿)both man and beast.Furry guests at Four Seasons Hotel can enjoy gourmet(美食) meals served on fine china(精致瓷器)and sleep in soft beds.
Beneath the luxuries(奢华),there lies a basic American belief:Pets have a right to be treated well.At least 75 animal welfare(福利) organizations exist in America.These provide care and adoption(领养)services for homeless and abused(受虐待的)animals.Veterinalians(兽医)can give animals very good health care-for a high price.To pay for the high-tech health care,people can buy health insurance for their pets.And when it’s time to say good-bye,owners can bury their pets in a respectable pet cemetery(墓地).
The average American enjoys having pets around,and for good reason.Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person’s blood pressure.Dogs can offer protection from burglars(窃贼)and unwelcome visitors.Cats can help rid the home of unwanted pet.Little creature of all shapes and size can provide companionship and love.Pets even encourage social relationships:They give their owners an appearance of friendliness,and they provide a good topic of conversation.
Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie.To Americans,pets are not just property,but a part of the family.
speaking
1．关于保护环境的建议的表达。
First of all. we need to,..
We should, , . so that, . ,
\We'd better. . . to keep. . . from doing. . .
If we know more about... ' we may able to, . .
If we want to live a better life' we must. ..
We ca/may help by doing...
There is a lot we can do to help，
As a result of the heavy rain，I caught a bad cold．因为这场大雨，我患了重感冒。
In follows that the fish in the river wi11 soon die because of the pollution．
可以断定因为污染，这条河里的鱼不久就会死去。
It will lead to many people becoming deaf．这会导致许多人耳朵变聋。
There is a 1ot we can do to make our world better。
为了使我们的世界更关妤，我们可以做很多事情。
We’d better take effective measures to keep this river from being po11uted．
我们最好采取有效的措施来防止这条河流受到污染。
Maybe we could discuss the matter with the manager of the company
也许我们可以与这公司的经理商讨这件事。
sample dialogue:
R: Good morning: Mr Tiger. My name is Jim and I'm a reporter from China Daily. Uh, I am a little nervous, this is the first time I speak to a tiger. May I ask you some questions?
T: Sure. And don't be nervous, I won't eat you. Ha ha!
R: Urn, right, good... Now, how long have you been living in the zoo?
T: Oh, I came here, let me see, six years ago. I used to live in a forest, but people there cut down all the trees and I had to move. There were cities and people everywhere, so I had no place to go. The police came and took me to the zoo.
R: Do you like living in the zoo?
T: Well, it's not as good as being free, that's for sure. But at least I have food and friends.
R: I see. If you could say something to all the humans in the world, what would you tell them?
T: I would tell them to stop being so selfish. We all need each other and we should try to be friends. If people cut down trees and pollute the environment to make money, we will all suffer. And don't kill animals to make clothes -- when ! see people wearing animal furs at the zoo I get really angry.
R: Thank you. Um, would you please take your paw off my shoulder? It hurts.
T: I'm sorry. I guess I got a bit excited. Don't get me wrong. I like humans. I just wish they would be less selfish.
R: Thank you, Mr Tiger.
reading
整体阅读
1.In what way nature seems to be cleverer than human beings?
A. It does not think. B. It is a better recycler.
C. It always stays calm. D. It never makes mistakes.
2. Which of the following is a way of "Respond" ?
A. Repair things and use them longer B. Show others how to protect the environment.
C. Try not to use harmful things. D. Reply when asked a question.
3. Which is the best title for Passage 2.9
A. Reduce the Amount of Rubbish B. Air, Water and Energy
C. Four Ways to Care about Nature D. Ecosystems
4. Steve Jone's words in the first paragraph of Passage 1 show that for many
people, __
A. sometimes saying is one thing, doing is quite another
B. protecting the environment has become a habit
C. they are alone in the world
D. they always do what they say
5. To protect an ecosystem, the best way is to __
A. kill the wild animals which feed on the plants
B. turn lakes into fields
C. develop industries quickly
D. leave things as they are
KEY:I.B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.
no longer不再
＜辨析：no longer／no．…any longer／no more／not，…any more
以上四种表达都可以表示“不再”，但用法稍有区别。no longer可写作not…any longer，no more可写作not．…any more。一般来讲，no longer为副词短语，强调时间上的“不再”；而no more可作副词性短语，也可作形容词性短语和名词性短语，它强调程度上的“不再”。有时两者意义区别不明显时可替换。经常情况下，no longer位于行为动词的前面，位于be动词的后面。如果不修饰名词，no more多放在句尾使用。
①I shall go there no more．／I shall no longer go there．我再也不去那了。
②Time lost will return no more．时光一去不复返。
③He no longer works here．／He doesn’t work here any more．／He doesn’t work here any
longer．他已不在这工作了。
④He no longer loves her．／He loves her no more．／He doesn’t love her any longer．／He
doesn’t love her any more．他不再爱她了。
⑤We don’t trust you any more．／We trust you no more．我们不再信任你了。
⑤I’ve had enough．I want no more．我吃好了，一点也不要了。
⑦He is no longer a child。他不再是个孩子了。
⑧There is no more money left．再也没钱剩下了。
2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.
left
[用法]剩下，此处为过去分词做定语。
[联想]leave的特别用法：
1.leave sb to do 让某人去做某事
2.leave sb doing 使某人处于某种状态
3.leave the window open 让窗户开着
3>Many of the world s animals and plants are in danger.
(一)in danger, in danger of, out of danger
(1)in danger“在危险中，处于危险之中”，常与be连用，强调主语处于某种危险之中。
e.g. The old man was knocked down by the motorbike. He was in danger.
那位老人被摩托车撞倒了，处于危险之中。
(2)in danger of“有……的危险”，后接动名词或动名词短语。
e.g. Some birds are in danger of dying away. 有些鸟 有灭绝的危险。
The man was in danger of losing his life. 那个人有生命危险。
(3)out of danger“脱离危险”，常与be连用。
e.g. He is out of danger now. 他现在已脱离危险。
4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?
1。make sure用法归纳本短语意为“务必使……，务请……；查明，弄清楚”,其用法有几点值得注意。
(1)后接that从句，从句要用一般现在时表示将来时。
e.g. Make sure you get there in time.务请准时到那儿。
I think the train leaves at four, but you’d better make sure.
我想火车4点离站，但你最好核实一下。
(2)后接名词或动名词时，须先接of或about。
e.g. We must make sure of the facts. 我们必须把事实搞清楚。
Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat.早点到电影院，以便找到座位。
(3)跟不定式，表示“一定要”。
e.g. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
在你出去前一定要把收音机关掉。
2．die out，die away，die off和die down的辨析
die out指家庭、种族＂灭绝，死绝＂或做法、观念＂完全消失，绝迹＂；die off指一群生物＂相继死去＂；die away指声音、风、光＂渐渐消失＂；die down指物质特性或情感＂逐渐平息＂。
The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out．
工厂使用童工的做法已几乎绝迹了。
As she got older，her relatives died off．随着她越来越老，她的亲戚都相继死去了。
The fire in the forest is dying down，and will soon die away．
森林的火势在逐渐减弱，不久会消失的
[联想]die away 逐渐消失;逐渐停止
[举例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.
大幕一升起,谈话的声音渐渐地停了下来.
In the struggle for life ,the species which had not been successful died out.
在生存竞争中,不能成功的物种就灭绝了.
5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.
together with
[用法]意同as well as; along with
[注意]在连接主语时,谓语动词的数取决于充当主语的第一个名词的数.
6>It will lead to...
lead to:导致
[举例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.
国家经济的发展使人民过上了幸福生活.
Careless driving will lead to the loss of life. 开车大意会导致丧命.
7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as
the animal.
act as:充当;担任
[比较]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行动;做事;表演
8>Take turns asking and answering questions.
Take turns (in) doing sth.= do sth in turn: 轮流做某事
[联想]take one’ s turn 依次轮流 by turns 交替;轮流 in turn 依次 out of turn 不按顺序的
[举例] 1.When people are waiting for the bus, he takes his turn.
2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.
3.She was happy and angry by turns.
2.reading
1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
keep...from doing：“阻止、制止……做某事”
①Please keep the children from swimming in the sea．请别让孩子们到海里游泳。
stop／prevent．…from．…为keep…．from．…的同义词组，但前者的from可以省去，而
后者中的from却不可省（如若省去from，则成为keep sb．doing sth．使某人一直做某事）。
②His parents stopped him（from）going there他的父母不让他去那儿。
③Nothing can prevent her（from）doing so．什么也不能阻止她这样做。
若表示“阻止做某事”，sth，作动词的宾语，则from后应跟动名词的被动语态，即
“阻止某事被做”。如：
④Nothing can stop the plan from being carried out．什么也不能阻止这项计划的实施。
注意：在被动语态中，三个短语的from皆不可以省去
become endangered“变得处境危险，受到危害”。其中become为系动词，其后可跟 形容词、分词和名词作其表语。
become quiet变得安静了
become known被知道了
become a teacher成为一名教师。
2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.
本句是含有without条件状语的非真实条件句，相当于一个隐藏的条件:if there were no plants and animals around us.它所表示的假设与现在的事实相反，句子需用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，条件从句需用过去时态。如：
Without air，there would be no living things．没有空气就没有生物。
If you needed assistance, I could do something.
假如你需要帮助,我可以帮你做点什么.(看样子,你不愿接受帮助)
3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.
tour
[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游览 2. 巡视;巡回演出;巡回比赛
[举例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.
亚当斯先生去年往东亚旅行了一次。
Their troupe is on tour in the South.
他们的剧团在南方巡回演出。
4>If we want to live a better life and have a bright future ,We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things. that do not harm other living things
◆句中的live a better life可以用lead或have代替，意义相同，在life一词前可以使用
其他形容词来表达不同的意义。如：
①lead／live／have a happy life过着幸福生活
②lead／live／have a quiet life过着平静的生活
◆harm在这里作及物动词，意为“伤害”；相当于do sb，／sth．harm或do harm to sb．／
sth．。harm也可作名词。如：
③It will do you no harm．这对你没有害处。
◆当way表示“方式”方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可以用in which，或什么都不用。下列三种说法都是正确的：
④I don’t like the way that he laughed at me
⑤I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me．
⑥I don’t like the way he laughed at me，我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。
注意：定语从句,关系词在从句中做主语,不可省略
[比较]I don t like the way that you laugh at her. 本句中way在定语从句中做状语,关系词用that或in which或省略.
[举例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
◆act在作作不及物动词，意为“行事，表现；（采取）行动”。又如：
⑦They acted quickly and put out the fire．他们迅速行动，将火扑灭。
⑧Think carefully before you act．三思而后行。
⑨He acted as if nothing had happened．他表现得好像什么事也没发生。
◆act可表示“起作用”（vi．）
⑩The medicine is acting wel1．药正在发挥效用。
◆扮演（vt.）；表演（vi.）；担当（vi．）
⑾He acted Mao Zedong very wel1．他扮演毛泽东演得很好。
⑿He just wanted to see her act．他只是想看她演出。
⒀One of my friends acted as go-between．我的一位朋友充当中间人。
5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.
take measures
[用法]采取措施
[举例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.
6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.
speciesn. 种类;【生】种;人类[the S]
[注意]单复数相同
[举例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.
菊花品种很多。
7>They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
◆“used to”肯定式、否定式、疑问式及其后省略情况归纳
(1)used to的肯定式
used to意为“过去常常”，常用来表示现在与过去的对比或过去经常发生的情况，含有现在已没有这种习惯。后接动词原形，不接动名词。
e.g.She used to take the bus. 她过去常乘公共汽车。
The river used to be clean. 这条河以前是干净的。
(2)used to的否定式
used to的否定式为didn’t use to, usedn’t to或used not to,其中didn’t use to更常用。
e.g.He didn’t use/usedn’t/used not to come. 他过去不常来。
We usedn’t/used not to grow vegetables. 我们过去不种蔬菜。
(3)used to的疑问式
一般疑问式：可以是Did…,use to…,也可以是Used…to…
e.g.Did he use to come by bus?
Used he to come by bus? 他过去常乘公共汽车吗？
Used you to smoke? 你过去抽烟吗？
反意疑问式：
如果used to后要接be动词，疑问部分则用didn’t…?或weren’t/wasn’t…?如果used to后接be动词以外的其他动词，疑问部分则用didn’t…?或usedn’t…?
e.g. There used to be a lot of flowers in the place, weren’t there/didn’t there?
这一带过去有很多花，是吗？
You used to grow wheat, didn’t you/usedn’t you? 你们过去种小麦，是吗？
(4)used to后的省略式
如果used to后面是be，可省略be后的词，但be本身不可省略；如果used to 后面不是be，而是其他动词，则需省略used to 后面所有的词。
e.g.Life isn’t so easy as it used to be. 现在生活不如从前那么安逸。
Mary studies Chinese as hard as she used to. 玛丽学习汉语和过去一样努力。
◆that is:那就是;即
[举例]John is a New Yorker; that is, he lives in New York.
8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.
adaptvt.1. 使适应,使适合 2. 改编,改写 vi. 适应[(+to)]
[举例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况。
10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help. that there is a lot we can do to help
[用法]that引导的是表语从句(名词性从句的一种),其构成与宾语从句、主语从句类似.
[举例]The trouble is that we don t have the computer.
11>Even small things can make a big difference.
make a difference: 有关系;有差别;重要
[联想]make no difference 无甚差别;不要紧
[举例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.
12>Some of the original species becomes endangered
◆common，usual，Ordinary和general的辨析
common意为＂常见的，普通的，一般的＂，侧重指共性，强调＂非特殊的，非优秀的＂或＂不足为奇的＂。usual意为＂通常的，寻常的，惯常的＂，多指符合惯例的。ordinarv意＂通常的，普通的＂，侧重因符合事物的正常法则及一般规律而十分普遍。general意为＂一般的，普通的＂，指属于大部分或大部分事物的属性，因此是普通的、一般的，可能也包括了一些极少的例外。
1）Jack is a（an） name for a boy in English．
2〉When the accident happened，the crowd gathered．
3 ) He was late again as______________.
4)Although she was rich， she was always in ____________ clothes.
5）There is a（an）__________ interest in sports
(common, usual, usual, ordinary, general)
3.integrating skills
1>Professor Stevenson, who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer, gave a talk to Chinese college students.
devoted ... to ... 把...献给...;把...专用于...
[举例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.
Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.
2>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?
at present::现在;目前
[联想]present的其他用法: n.礼物 a.在场的;出席的;现在的 vt.赠送,给予
presently adv. 一会儿;不久
[举例]You may still keep the book for another week because I
am very busy at present.
What he said made all the people present at the
meeting moved a great deal.
Don t worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.
3>Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things.
there would be
[用法]would仍是虚拟语气用法,全句意为 (假如)没有空气,水和阳光,就不会有生命.
(而实际上,现在不可能没有空气,水和阳光)
[举例]If I were you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我会接受他的意见.(我不可能是你,这是和事实相反的一种假设)
4>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.
throw away:扔掉;抛弃
[举例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.
[联想]throw off 扔掉;摆脱;匆匆脱掉(衣服)
[举例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor s shop.
5>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
is much better at:可理解为be good at的比较级形式
6>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.
learn from:向...学习;从...吸取教训
[举例]We should learn from the advanced workers.
我们应该向先进工作者们学习.
Why don t you learn from my mistakes?
你为何不从我的错误中吸取教训呢?
7>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.
Respond vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反应;响应[+to/by/with]
[举例]Has she responded to your letter?
她有没有回过你的信?
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。
8>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.
easy to understand:这里的主语poster和understand虽然是动宾关系,但表语形容词后的动词不定式一般用主动式
[举例]Jack is easy to fool.
He is difficult to deal with.
The man is hard to work with.
4>workbook
1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.
Persuade:persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意为说服+成功;
而try to persuade意为 试图说服,但不一定成功 ,相当于advise
2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.
a large amount of:;同large amounts of,后接不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词的数取决于amount的数
[举例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.
I have a large number of books on the subject.
We must often memorize large amounts of material.
3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.
Up to:此处意为 高达...
[联想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？
It ‘s up to you!（由你做主）
I ‘m up to my ears[忙得不可开交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）
extincta.1. (火等)熄灭了的 2. 消亡了的;破灭了的 3. 绝种的,灭绝的
[举例]The volcano is extinct. 这座火山是座死火山。
My hope of getting some employment was extinct. 我要找到工作的希望落空了。
The passenger pigeon is extinct. 旅鸽已绝种。
4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.
Among:在……当中
[举例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.
5>The bears can t find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.
go look for：寻找
[举例]Let s go look for some food. 让我们去找点吃的.
6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.
keep ... as ...：把...当作宠物来喂养
[联想]keep…as it is按原样保留
[举例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.
7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think
how your world will work .
Now that：既然;由于,引导原因状语从句
[举例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.
5>单句改错
1.At the present,we don’t have any trouble in solving the problems.
简析：去掉第一个the,或在present后加time。
at present是固定短语，意为“现在、目前”。也可用at the present time 来表示。
2.Too much of the deer in the country have been killed.
简析：将much改为many。too much后接的是不可数名词。too many后接可数名词。句中的deer是可数名词，其单复数同形。
3.The sun was disappeared behind the cloud.
简析：把was去掉。disappear表示“消失，失踪”，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
4.Some day,I saw some foreign visitors in the park.
简析：把Some改为One。some day和one day都作“有一天”讲。但前者是指“将来有一天”，只能用于将来时态的句子中；后者既可用于“过去的某一天”，也可用于“将来的某一天”。
5.There used to have an old temple in the village.
简析：把have改为be。used to用于there be结构中，即There used to be…意为“过去有……”。
6>高考真题
1.(1999 上海)My parents always let me have my own___________of living.
A.way B.method C.manner D.fashion
简析：答案为A。have one’s own way of doing sth.是习惯用法，意为“有自己做某事的方法”。
2.(NMET 1998)-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
-I’m afraid ___________day is possible.
A.either B.neither C.some D.any
简析：答案为B。前句提到Monday or Tuesday,意为在两者之中选择，故可排除C、D两项。后文用I’m afraid…来回答，显然是否定含义，故选neither，意为两天都不可能。
3.(2002 北京)All the people___________at the party were his supporters.
A.present B.thankful C.interested D.important
简析：答案为A。由句意可知是“所有出席宴会的人都是他的支持者”，故只能选present。当“出席，在场”讲时，present作定语放在所修饰词后。
4.(NMET 2000)-Is John coming by train?
-He should,but he___________not.He likes driving his car.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
简析：答案为D。must not意为“禁止，不许”；need not意为“不必”；can表推测多用于否定、疑问句中，但can not表“不可能”，与句意不符。只有may not表示“有可能”。