作者：于雨
快来"词语拾零"!1-3单元的重点单词又与你们见面了!下面我们进行精彩回放,让你们复习的时候随 "e" 而行,随 "e" 而动。准备好笔记本,出击啦!
1.【原句再现】What makes your friend so special?
【问题探究】make在这里是"制造"的意思吗?
【疏疑解惑】不是!此处的make是使役动词,意为"使,让......",其用法可归纳为make sb. do sth.; make sth.+adj.; make it + adj.+ to do sth.。例如:
How can I make him believe that? 我怎么才能让他相信此事呢?
What made your Mum so angry? 是什么让你妈妈这么生气?
Bill Gates wanted to make it easier for people to use the computers. 比尔盖茨想让人们更容易地操作电脑。
还可以扩展一下呢:make也可用动名词作宾补。例如:
Don't make your mother waiting for long. 别让你妈妈久等了。
2.【原句再现】I have a most wonderful friend called Max.
【问题探究】如何理解句中的called?
【疏疑解惑】此处的called是过去分词充当后置定语,其同义表达可用named, with the name, by the name of等。此句的同义句可为:I have a most wonderful friend named / with the name / by the name of Max.
3.【原句再现】We take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum.
【问题探究】此处的take为何义?
【疏疑解惑】此处的take意为"乘,坐",后接交通工具如bus, car, plane等,相当于go... by bus/car/plane。此外,take还有如下用法:
①take sb. / sth. to somewhere意为"把某人、某物带到某地"。例如:
Can you help me take these things to the teachers' room? 你能帮我把这些东西送到老师办公室去吗?
②It takes / took sb. + some time + to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多少时间"。例如:
It will take you two hours to go back to the USA. 回到美国你要花费两个小时。
4.【原句再现】Luckily, the climbers helped Simon.
【问题探究】请说说help一词的用法!
【疏疑解惑】help是个及物动词,其用法可归纳为三点:
①help sb. with sth.例如:She helped me with my English. 她帮我学英语。
②help sb. do/to do sth. 上一句的同义句就是She helped me (to) learn English.
③help也可用作不可数名词。例如: With his help I finished the work. 在他的帮助下,我完成了这项工作。
Go to get help from the police. 去向警察求助吧。
5.【原句再现】 They kept their secret to themselves.
【问题探究】你能总结一下keep的用法吗?
【疏疑解惑】keep可是动词家族中的"活跃分子",其后可接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语。例如:
Don't keep thinking about that. 别老是考虑那事了。
keep是个延续性动词,与表示一段时间的状语连用。请看下面的情景对话:
A: Excuse me. Can I borrow this book? 打扰一下,我可以借这本书吗?
B: Certainly. Here you are. 当然,给你。
A: How long can I keep it? 我能借多久?
B: A week. 一周。
另外,keep可用形容词、V-ing、动词不定式或介词短语作宾语补足语。例如:
You should keep yourself busy every day. 你应该使自己每天保持忙碌。
You kept me waiting for you for two hours. 你让我等了两个小时。
He keeps a dairy to help him remember things. 他记日记帮助他记住一些事情。
6.【原句再现】You need to exercise and keep fit.
【问题探究】此句中的need是情态动词吗?
【疏疑解惑】不是!此句中的need是实义动词,后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式,有人称及数的变化。例如:
You need a NO.16 bus. 你需要乘16路公交车。
She needs to cut her weight. 她需要减肥了。
need作情态动词用时常用于疑问句或否定句,无人称或数的变化。例如:He needn't wait for me. 他不需要等我。
同时,need也可以作名词,常作不可数名词。例如:
We are in need of money. 我们需要钱。