参考教案 教学建议
教学建议(Suggested teaching notes)
一、教学内容分析
第23单元中的四课都是围绕“足球比赛”话题编写的。主要的语言项目是过去完成时态和有关谈论意见(Giving opinions)的日常交际用语。
第89课开始是一个小对话，Jim刚度假归来，Li Let与他谈论足球比赛，Jim很想参赛。接下来的Study与Practise，还有练习册中的内容，大都是围绕教学either…or…和neither …nor…句型展开的，提供了大量的句型练习，应予以充分利用。
第90课是一篇日记，记叙了当天的一场足球比赛。文章用的是一般过去时，这个时态很适用于日记这类内容，对本课的语法重点过去完成时也有一种对比作用。练习册中配有问题和填空练习帮助理解课文。
第91课前半部分与第90课相衔接，讲述比赛的过程和结果。练习册第91课第1题中综合了课文的几个理解点，可帮助学生理解课文。第91课后半部分有一个替换对话练习和一个对话表演，内容是评论球赛。
第92课是复习课，包含一个听写练习和一个评论球赛的对话。Checkpoint的语法重点是过去完成时。练习册第92课第3题是过去完成时的语法填空练习，可用来帮助学生理解过去完成时。
二、教学方法建议
（一）教学过去完成时
本书第84课中对过去完成时的结构已有阐述，本单元着重讲解过去完成时的使用场合。讲解完成后，学生应能够对过去完成时有一个比较完整明确的概念。
1．教学by与before这两个介词所表达的时间概念
过去时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间发生的动作，过去完成时则是表示过去某一时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即俗称的“过去的过去”。“by + 某时”是“到了某时已经……”的意思；“before + 某时”是“在……时以前”的意思。教学中可考虑创造些情景，并借助时间轴来帮助理解。
情景1 Jane was busy yesterday. She was working in her office all evening. Her friends Mary and Jack came to visit her. They were waiting in her house the whole evening. Jane finished her work at last. She came home at nine. But Mary and Jack had left her house before nine. They didn't see each other. What a pity!
此番情景可以用时间轴来表示，在轴上标出说话时间，过去（即Jane came home的时间），过去的过去（即Mary and Jack left的时间）。将句子写在黑板上，并用彩色笔标出at与before两个词。
Jane came home at nine.
Mary and Jack had left her house before nine.
帮助学生理解at nine，在九点；before nine，九点前就……（动词要用过去完成时）
情景2 Meimei and I were making dumplings for supper yesterday. We decided to have a contest to see who could make dumplings faster. We started our contest at 5 o'clock and stopped it at 5:15. At 5:15， Meimei was making her 24th dumpling. By that time 1 had already finished 27 dumplings. I won!
用时间轴表示出时间关系，在黑板上写出句子，说明at 5:15，（在五点一刻）；by that time，（到五点一刻时为止）。
At 5:15, Meimei was making her 24th dumpling.
By that time I had already finished 27 dumplings. （动词用过去完成时）
情景3 要求学生就情景3讲出一个用过去完成时造出的句子。West Hill Farm is a beautiful place and there are many sheep, cows, dogs and horses there. I like to go there very much. In the autumn of 1995, I went there for the first time. Last year, I went there twice with my parents. So by the end of last year….让学生自己续完句子：
By the end of last year, I had been to West Hill Farm three times.
情景4 Lucy and Lily went to West Hill Farm yesterday. They were helping a farmer do the farm work in the morning. At that time he was in town. He came back at noon and found….替换词：
milk the cows/by noon take the sheep to the fields/by noon
give the horses their food/by noon clean the pigsty/by noon
2．教学中提醒学生注意主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作发生的先后。在已经学过的带有宾语从句和状语从句的复合句中，经常存在先后两个动作。先发生的动作往往用过去完成时，后发生的动作用过去时。如：He said that he had already watched the football match.句中看球赛的动作发生在他说话之前，即他说话时看球赛的动作已经完成。又如：When I got to the station, the train had already left. 火车离开的动作发生在我到达车站之前。补充句型练习：
l) He when I got home.
替换词：
cook a meal mend my bike sweep the floor fall asleep
arrive home do his homework give the bird some food
2)They ______ before she______.
go upstairs/say good night to them
take out the books/ask them to
win the game/get there
answer the letter/know it
come to her home/telephone them
start the match/get to the playground
3) He said ______ before.
never see this film
never watch a real football game
never say such a thing
never work with Jane
never cook a meal
never ride a horse
3．可利用练习册第92课练习3做过去完成时的综合练习。
（二）教学either…or与neither…nor句型
学生课本和练习册中对此句型给予了大量的练习素材，应充分加以利用。
1．引入 利用第89课第二部分Study中的三组对话，帮助学生理解either…or与neither…nor的概念。可考虑用图片帮助解说。画一个黑发女孩Wei Hua和一个黄发女孩Ann，开始讲解：
Class, how many people does a volleyball team need in a game? （学生答：Six．） Yes, there are six players in a volleyball team. Now, look here. This is Wei Hua and this is Ann. Both of them are good players, but we need only one of them. If Wei Hua plays, Ann has to wait. If Ann plays, Wei Hua has to wait.
Either Wei Hua or Ann may be on the team. （将此句写在黑板上，用彩色笔写either…or）
Tomorrow we shall have a match. But it's too bad that Wei Hua has got a cold. She has got a headache and a serious cough. She is terribly ill. Poor thing! So Wei Hua will not be on the team. Let's see how Ann is doing. Oh, no. Ann will not be on the team either. She will take part in an important examination tomorrow.
Neither Wei Hua nor Ann is on the team.（将此句写在黑板上，用彩色笔写neither…nor）
Neither of them is on the team.（此句也写在黑板上）What shall we do?
2．练习 利用第89课中Practise的三个对话进行操练。可考虑从听力入手，先听三遍，然后一句一停顿，让学生重复。league（联盟）和league match（联赛）可直接给中文。最后让学生打开书，听录音朗读，背诵。
3．巩固 利用练习册第89课第1题巩固句型either…or…和neither…nor…。
教师应先不让学生看书，让他们听情景造句。如：There is an evening party tonight. Your father will go to the party, or your mother will go to the party. But not both of them, because one of them will stay with you at home. Now make a sentence with "either…or…".
把学生造出的句子写在黑板上：
Either my father or my mother will go to the party tonight.
口头造完10个句子后，可让学生在练习本上写出其中几句，检查一下是否正确。
利用练习册第89课第2题分三人小组进行表演。
（三）教学第90-91课课文
把练习册第90课第1题的10个问题用幻灯打出，让学生读问题，阅读前心中有数，同时也能大致了解故事脉络。然后带着问题进行阅读。读完让学生回答问题，再听录音朗读课文。最后合上书再回答一遍这10个问题。
用练习册第90课第3题验收，做题时尽量不查看课文。再把第91课第1题也做完。
（四）教学such a(an)…和such（+复数名词或不可数名词）…
补充句型练习：
1. I have never heard of such a strange thing before.
2. I had never heard of such a strange thing before that time.
替换词：
watch/wonderful film receive/beautiful flowers eat/delicious noodles
drink/fresh milk work with/football player read/good book
listen to/interesting talk see/good food see/thin glass
receive/nice present see/heavy snow
参考教案 Unit 23 The football match 教学参考资料 示例二
教学参考资料（Reference for teaching）
补充注释（Additional notes）
1．It's a long time since we met last!我们上次见面至今已有很长时间了。It's…since….结构中的动词时态搭配较为固定，多数情况下主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。即It is…since….或It has been…since…．再如：
It's three years since I last saw you. How time flies!我上次见到你至今已有三年了。时间过得真快！
How long is it since you came to the state of California? 你来加州多久了？
It has been three weeks since he arrived here. 他到这里已有三周了。
从句中的动词也有时使用现在完成时。例如：
It has been quite some time since we have talked about these matters. 我们上次谈论这些事情至今已过了好长时间了。
It has been two years since I have seen you. 我上次见到你至今有两年了。
主句若用过去时，则从句用过去完成时。例如：
Yesterday, he invited me to watch a play in a theatre. I'd love to go. It was half a year since I had watched a play in a theatre. 昨天他约我去剧场看话剧。我很愿去。 上一次在剧场看话剧至今有半年了。
2．You're just in time for the match. 你正好赶上比赛。
in time = to arrive before something happens 及时
on time = to arrive at the right, exact moment, at the time agreed 准时
We got to the station in time for the bus. 我们到车站正好赶上汽车。
A stitch in time saves nine. 及时行事，事半功倍。
The doctor came in time to save the child. 医生及时到达救治了孩子。
The teacher is always angry with him, because he seldom comes to school on time. 老师经常和他生气，因为他总不准时到校。
I hope the train will leave the station on time. 我希望火车能够准时发车。
The meeting will start at ten tomorrow morning. Please be on time. 明天十点开会，请准时到。
3．Neither Wei Hua nor Ann is on the team. 魏华和安都不是队员。
be on the team(American English)相当于be in the team(British English)
on此处有成员的意思=being a member of。又如：
This tall fair girl is on the U. S. team. 这个高高的漂亮姑娘是美国队的。
on有时也有供职的意思，=working for,如：
He is on the People's Daily. 他在人民日报社任职。
4．a cup of tea一杯茶
表示物质名词量的方法：
a bottle of milk five bottles of milk
a cup of orange juice two cups of orange(juice)
a can of milk eight cans of milk
a bottle of oil many bottles of oil
a box of chalk several boxes of chalk
5．I thought you wanted to visit your friends. 我以为你要去看朋友。此处thought的含义是“我本以为”，而实际情况不是这样。请比较：
I think he is a clever boy. 我觉得他是个聪明孩子。（他很可能是。）
I thought he was a clever boy. 我原以为他是个聪明孩子。（他其实并不聪明。）
6．It's such an important match, (that) we can't miss it. 这场比赛非常重要。我们不能不去。
The match is so important(that) we can't miss it.
such…that…相当于so…that…（如此……以至于……）。其中that在口语中可省略。又如：
John is such a nice person that we all like him. =John is so nice a person that we all like him. =John is so nice to people that we all like him.
要提醒学生注意，如果such后面是不可数名词，则直接将名词放在其后；如果后面是可数名词，则要注意单复数问题，单数为：such a(clever)student, such an important meeting, such an animal; 复数为：Such(clever) students。so后面加形容词或副词。
7．I woke up early this morning. 我今晨醒得很早。
wake up可作“自行醒来”解。又如：
He suddenly woke up and remembered there was going to be an important meeting. 他突然醒来，想起有一个重要的会议。
She often wakes up at night and has a headache during the day. 她经常夜里醒来，白天则总头痛。
She doesn't have good sleep at night and wakes up a lot. 她夜间睡不好，常常醒来。
wake up亦可作“唤醒”解。例如：
I have to wake him up at 5:00 in the morning though I have to do so. 我得5:00唤醒他，虽然我不愿这样做。
The noise woke me up in the middle of the night. 噪声半夜将我吵醒。
8．… and got all my football clothes ready. ……把我的足球服全准备好。
get…ready把……准备好。再如：
When I got home, mother had already got supper ready. 我到家时，妈妈已把晚饭备好。
It was ll:00, he quickly got his school things ready for the next day and went to bed.已经11点了，他匆匆收拾好第二天用的东西，上床去睡了。
Please get your tickets ready. 请把票预备好。
They are busy getting the room ready for the meeting. 他们忙着准备明天的会场。
9．I found it a bit difficult to work in class…. 我发现在班上有点难以学习……。
句中it是个代词，做形式宾语，句中的to work in class是实际宾语。常用这个句型的动词还有think, feel, make等。
I think it wrong to waste time. 我认为浪费时间是错误的。
I felt it my duty to talk it over with you. 我认为和你谈谈是我的责任。
The noise made it difficult for me to read. 噪音使我无法读书。
They found it difficult to go on with the work. 他们感到继续干下去很难。
10．…because I kept thinking about the match in the afternoon. ……因为我一直在想下午的球赛。
keep on doing something总是（不断）做某事。又如：
I kept on asking him about it but he just kept on smiling. 关于那件事我不停地问他，他却总是笑。
While he was in hospital, people kept on going to see him. 他住院期间，人们不断去看望他。
11．be(feel) a little afraid of 害怕某事或某物。又如：
She is afraid of snakes. 她很怕蛇。
He said he was afraid of nothing. 他说他什么也不怕。
Are you afraid of dogs? 你怕狗吗？
Even the police feel afraid of them. 甚至警察都怕他们。
12．though 虽然。汉语里，人们习惯说“虽然……但是……”，因此学生常将though与but连用。在英语中，这两个字不连用，这一点要向学生讲清楚。
She is young, but she knows a lot. 她很年轻，但知道很多事。
Though she is young, she knows a lot. 虽然她很年轻，但知道的事很多。
13．But still we weren't sure we could beat them. 但我们仍没有把握能战胜他们。
beat和win的区别：汉语里常说“我们赢了他们”，这句话的英文表述应为We beat them．不是We won them. beat后面是人或队名，而win后面则是match或game。
14．Play as well as you can. 尽你们最大的努力去踢。
讲授此句可利用练习册第90课练习2作为补充练习。
15．This didn't help them at all. 这一点也帮不了他们。
at all常用于否定或条件句中，用以加强语气，表示“一点儿也不”、“完全不”的意思。又如：
I am not at all tired. 我一点儿也不累。
I couldn't hear them at all. 我根本听不到他们。
He would not let me do heavy work at all. 他根本不让我做重活。
参考教案 Unit 23 The football match 教学步骤 示例二
教学步骤（Teaching steps）
Lesson 89
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework.
2 Revise the names of different sports(basketball, football, American football, volleyball, etc)byusing gestures or pictures. Ask the Ss which sports do you like? Which do you prefer, footballor basketball? etc. Revise both: say Both(Li Lei)and I like volleyball. Get the Ss to make up other examples.
Step 2 Presentation
Tell the Ss Today there's a football match. Is Jim playing in the match? Listen and find out.
SB page 89, Part 1. Speech Cassette Lesson 89. Books closed! Play the tape for the Ss to find the answer (Yes). (Don't play the tape of the bottom two lines of the dialogue yet).
Books open. Read through the dialogue with the Ss.Note that Jim has just returned from his holiday, so Li Lei asks him: Did you have a good journey? Point out the difference between on time(to arrive at the right moment)and in time for sth. (=to arrive before sth. happens). In the question Am I playing? the Present Continuous Tense carries a future meaning.
Step 3 Practice
Play the tape again for the Ss to listen and repeat．Practise the different endings and make sure the Ss undersigned what they mean.
Let the Ss practise the dialogue in pairs, choosing the ending that they wish.
Ask some pairs to act out their dialogues.
Step 4 Presentation
Say Let me tell you about Lily and Lucy. There is a volleyball match tomorrow(Gesture). Lily may play or Lucy may play(Gestures). If Lily plays, Lucy won't play(Gestures). If Lucy plays, Lily won't play. Either Lily or Lucy will play(Gestures).
Repeat for basketball/Wei Hua and Ann.
Say the two examples again, using suitable gestures.Get the Ss to listen and repeat, also using gestures.Write one focus sentence on the Bb:
Either Lily or Lucy will play.
Remind the Ss of the meaning of either…or.
Present neither… nor in a similar way:
Say There's a football match tomorrow. Jim won't play and Lie Lei won't play. Neither Jim nor Lie Lei will play.
Write the last sentence on the Bb and remind the Ss of the meaning.
Step 5 Study
SB page 89, Part 2. Read through the examples with the Ss and explain any difficulties that they have.Notice the phrase on the team. This is American English. In British English the phrase is in the team.
Step 6 Practice
SB page 89, Part 3. Speech Cassette Lesson 89. Books closed! Play the tape for the Ss to listen and repeat. Ask groups, rows and individual Ss to listen and rep eat.
Focus on any problems of pronunciation.
Explain the meaning of league(= competition
involving several teams)and…it's such a/an…, we
can't miss it(give the Chinese equivalent). Write the words on the Bb.
Books open！Play the tape again for the Ss to practise.Then let the Ss work in pairs. Tell them to learn the dialogues by heart.
Get some pairs to act them out, without books if possible!
Step 7 Workbook
Wb Lesson 89, Ex. 1. Do the two parts orally with the whole class before the Ss write down the answers on their own.
Check the answers with the whole class.
For Ex. 2, get the Ss to read the dialogue first, then act it out and make a similar one in groups of three.
If time permits, do Ex. 3. The answers are: 1C,2B.3C,4D.
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Learn the dialogues in SB Part 3 by heart.
Do Ex.1 in the exercise book.
参考教案 Unit 23 The football match 教学步骤 Lesson 90 示例二
Lesson 90
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework.
2 Get the Ss to recite the dialogues in SB page 89,Part 3.
Step 2 Preparation for reading
Tell the Ss Today We are going to read about a football match. What do you know about football? How many players are on a team?(11) How do you play football? (Teach kick and draw a picture of a goal on the Bb. Yes, you try to kick the ball into the goal. Can you use your hand? No. Only one player can use his or her hand. That's the goalkeeper.
Write the new words kick, goal and goalkeeper on the Bb. Show goalkeeper = goal + keep + er. You may like to teach words such as gatekeeper and zookeeper for companion. Note that goalkeeper is a thrown-away word.
SB page 90. Ask what's happening in the picture?Get a student to read the instructions aloud. See who can find the answer to the question first.(The teamhad some very good players but they weak team.)
Wb Lesson 90, Ex.1 Read through the questions in the Wb and make sure the Ss understand them.
Step 3 Reading
Let the Ss read the passage more carefully. Then they can answer the questions orally in pairs Check the answers with the whole class.
This is the time to deal with difficulties in the passage.Notes:
l) This was the last match in the league: explain that a league is a competition in which every team plays with other teams and the team that wins the most games is the champion. Here it means this game is the last game in the league.
2) I kept on thinking about the match = I oftenthought about the match.
3)We were playing against: against is a preposition, not a verb.
4) play as well as you can: revise the as… as structure and explain its meaning here(i.e. do your best).
5) That's what we found: = Mr Hu's prediction was right (that teamwork would win the match).
If you wish, get the Ss to write down the answers to Ex.1 in their exercise books.
Step 4 Reading aloud
Sb page 90. Speech Cassette Lesson 90. Choose two paragraphs, then play the tape for the Ss to listen and repeat.
Step 5 Workbook
Wb Exx. 2 and 3 Go through the exercise orally with the Ss, then let them write down the answers in their exercise books. The answers to Ex. 2 are: 1G, 2C,3D, 4F, 5F/H, 6B, 7A, 8E.
The answers to Ex. 3 are to, to, in, about, in, earlier, against, of/from, and, of, neither, nor, But, and, but.
Step 6 Consolidation
Revise the football vocabulary(Step 2) then get the Ss to retell the story of the football match. Use the question in Wb Ex. 1 as a guide if necessary.
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises
Do Ex. 4 and prepare to retell the story in the student's diary.
Write down the answers to EX. 1 in the exercise book.
参考教案 Unit 23 The football match 教学步骤 Lesson 91 示例二
Lesson 91
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework.
2 Get the Ss to retell the story in SB page 90. Use the questions in Wb Lesson 90, Ex. 1 as a guide if necessary.
Step 2 Reading
SB page 91, Part 1 Ask Who won the match? Get the Ss to read the end of the story as quickly as possible to find the answer(Mr Hu's team). Then let the Ss read the passage more carefully.
Ask questions about the passage: Say Tell me about Wu Yong. What happened next? Who was winning at the end of the first half? What happened in the second half? What did Mr Hu say?
Then discuss difficult parts of the story.
Notes:
1) This didn't help them at all: at all emphasizes the negative.
2) one player does not make a team: one player cannot win a match by himself
Teach the words beat: Mr Hu's team beat Number 64 Middle School's team, and draw(give an example: e.g.1:1 is a draw)
Step 3 Comprehension
Wb Lesson 91, Ex.1 Get the Ss to guess the answers in pairs, then check the answers with the whole class.The answers are:1B;2D;3A,4B;5D;6A.
Step 4 Reading aloud
SB page 91, Part 1 Speech Cassette Lesson 91 Play the tape for the Ss to listen and repeat. Pay special attention to pronunciation and intonation. Check individual students and correct their mistakes.
Step 5 Presentation
Draw a time line like this on the Bb.
Ask the Ss the following questions:
What are you doing now?(having a lesson)
What did you do last Saturday? (watched a match)
Was it a good match?(Yes, a very good one.)
Had you ever seen such a good match before?
Help the Ss answer the last question: No, I had never seen such a good match before. /Yes, I had seen many like that one.
Explain that the Past Perfect Tense shows an action happening before a certain time in the past. It is formed by had + past participle.
Step 6 Practice
SB page 91, Part 2. Read through the model dialogue and point out the different tenses. Get individual Ss to make up another dialogue in front of the class and then let the Ss work in pairs.
Finally, ask another pair to act out their dialogue as a check.
Step 7 Read and act
SB page 91, Part 3. Speech Cassette Lesson 91. Play the tape for the Ss to listen and find out the answer to How did Bill's team win the first place of the league? Books open. Let the Ss listen and repeat.
Next, practice the dialogue with the whole class. Then let the Ss practise in pairs. Remind them to look at their partner as they speak, not at the book.
See if any pairs can act out the dialogue.
Step 8 Workbook
Wb Exx.2 and 3 Let the Ss work alone, then check the answers with the whole class. The answers to Ex.2 are: 1such; 2both; 3Either, or; 4Neither, nor; 5none/neither; 6both.
Step 9 Consolidation
If time allows, get the Ss to retell the end of the story using the questions in Step 2 as a guide.
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Revise the language points in Checkpoint 23
(SB page 92)for the next lesson.
参考教案 Unit 23 The football match 教学步骤 Lesson 92 示例二
Lesson 92
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework.
2 Get the Ss to retell the football story in thisunit. Say Tell me about the game. What happened next? etc.
Step 2 Dictation
SB page 92, Pait 1. Listening Cassette Lesson 92. Wb Lesson 92, Ex. 1 Let the Ss read the instruction in the Wb before you dictate the passage Use the exercise as your test for this unit, The dictation text is from the reading passage of SB page 90.
Dictation text:
School ended a little earlier. *We all went to the football field, *and soon the game started. *We were playing against No 64 Middle School. *It was a draw *when we played against them *last time. *They were all very big and strong, *and we felt a little afraid of them. *Although we were neither very big* nor very strong, *we were a good team. *We played together very well. *But still we weren't sure *we could beat them.
Words like against, although, team may be written on the Bb for the Ss.
Step 3 Read and act
SB page 92, Part 2. Speech Cassette Lesson 92. Tell the Ss Books closed! Wang Lei played in the football match today. Now he's telling his father about the game. Is his father pleased?
Play the tape for the Ss to find the answer(Yes).Then play the tape for the Ss to listen and repeat .Books open. Play the tape again for the Ss to listen and repeat from the books.
Point out that 4:2 is pronounced four two(not four to two).
Let the Ss practise the dialogue in pairs. Ask one pair to act it out. See if they can do it with out the book!
Step 4 Checkpoint 23
Go through Checkpoint 23 and give the Ss extra practice as necessary. The Ss are required to understand the meaning of the Past Perfect Tense. See Grammar in the Appendix on page 122 of the SB.
As the end of the school year is approaching, you may wish to spend some time revising other weak points that your Ss have.
Go through the "useful expressions" and make sure the Ss understand them and can use them.
Step 5 Workbook
Wb Lesson 92, Exx. 1-3.
Spend time revising the language points that appear in these exercises.
For Ex. 1, the target structures(a pair of…, a cup of …, etc) are similar to the measure words in Chinese.Let the Ss work alone or in pairs before checking the answers with the whole class. The answers are:
1 a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of; 2 a piece of;3 a plate of; 4 a pair of; 5 a bag of.
For Ex. 2, get the Ss to answer the questions first, then revise the individual language items. The answers are:1 since, 2 in time, 3 Because, 4 against, 5 afraid of,6 kept on raining.
For Ex. 3, ask the Ss to do it in pairs first. Then check the answers with the whole class. The answers are:l had left; 2 had gone; 3 had stopped; 4 had begun; 5hurried, had…gone; 6 had…heard.
Step 6 Consolidation
If time permits, revise some of the stones in the earlier units. Give the Ss a few moments to read them again, then get them to retell the stories to you. Use the appropriate exercises in the workbook as a guide for your qoestions.
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Begin revising the contents of the book.