Lesson 31
Teaching Aims :
1. Use the following word and phrase correctly .
Four skills : cheese , just now
2. Revise the restrictive Attributive Clause
3. Revise the Passive Voice .
Teaching Important Points :
1. How to translate an restrictive Attributive Clause
2. How to choose a relative pronoun to introduce an Attributive Clause .
Teaching Difficult Points
How to choose a relative pronoun to introduce an Attributive Clause
Teaching Methods :
Pairwork / individual activity to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids : 1. a slide projector 2. some slide cards
Teaching Procedures :
Step I . Greeting
Greet the students as usual , Ask two students to have a free talk about food in front of the class.
Step II . Revision
( First , dictate some of the new words and expressions . Then teacher asks the students to make up sentences with the words " prepare , ship , discover " and the expression " a number of " )
T : Will you please make up a sentence with the word " prepare " , SA?
SA : OK .
T : Please write your sentence on the blackboard .
T : Would you like to make up a sentence with the phrase " a number of " and write it on the blackboard . SB ?
SB : Yes . I' d love to .
…
( Then the teacher checks the sentences on the blackboard with the class and corrects the mistakes if there are any . )
Step III . Questions and answers .
( Go through the questions with the Ss and tell them to pay attention to the predicate verbs .)
T : What can you find out in the predicate verbs ?
SA : The Passive Voice is used in each predicate verb .
T : Can you give some other examples in which the Passive Voice is used ?
SB : Yes , I' ll try . For example , English is spoken in many parts of the world . Another example : The blackboard was cleaned by Li Ming .
T : Very good , Sit down , please , the basic form of the Passive Voice is " be + P.P" .
( Bb : Write " Lesson 31 and be + P.P ." on the Bb.)
( Then teacher tells the Ss to work in pairs , asking and answering the questions , according to the passage in Lesson 30 . Allow the Ss some minutes to do this practice , then ask some pairs to tell their answers to the class. If there are some mistakes , the teacher may point them out and tell the Ss the right answers :
Suggested answers :
1. At least 450 years ago .
2. Because it did not need as much water as rice , it was able to grow in Tibet and Sichuan .
3. It is often boiled or cooked whole over an open fire .
4. Tomatoes , beans , potatoes and different fruits .
5. Because it can be grown in cold places where rice can' t be grown .
6. Many kinds of fruit , for example , apples , pears , oranges and so on .
Step IV . Explanation
( Tell the students to recall the relative pronouns introducing the Attributive clause and tell them the function of each relative pronoun .)
T : SA , Will you please tell the class which words can introduce an Attributive Clause ?
SA : Yes , They are , " who , whom , which , that "
T : Very good , Sit down , , please , Now ,who can tell the function of these relative pronouns ? SB , will you please try ?
SB : Sorry , I can' t
T: It doesn’t' t matter, I' ll tell you, but you must keep in your mind this time, When we refer to a person, we can use the words " who, whom or that “, When we refer to a thing, we use the words " that " or " which.”
Sc : Excuse me , Sir , but how can we choose a proper relative pronoun to introduce an Attributive Clause ?
T: That's a problem you must pay special attention to, Only when you know the function of each relative pronoun can you choose the right one to complete an Attributive Clause. For example ," The book which / that I bought yesterday is very interesting ." Another example , " The girl who / what wears a red coat is my daughter ." In the first sentence ," which or that " refers to a thing , it is used as the object in the clause , In the second one , " who or that " refers to a person , it is used as the subject in the clause , Now look at the form on the screen .
Relative pronoun refer to function
in the clause examples
who person Subject
object The girl who was there is Sally. The girl who you saw is Sally
whom person object The boy ( whom ) I mentioned is Charlie . The boy ( whom ) I talked to is Charlie
which thing subject
object It sounded like a train which was going under my house .
This is a place (which) I' ve long wanted to visit.
that person subject
object Who is the man that Stands there?
Who is the man (that) you said hello to ?
thing subject
object Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.
The car (that) my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake .
Step V . Pairwork
1. SB . Lesson 31 . Part2. Get the Ss to work in pairs . They are asked to make as many sentences as they can . Table / refers to people while Table 2 refers to things .
Suggested examples :
Table 1 :
The boy(s) who / that came to supper was ( were ) at school with me .
The girl ( who/ that) I visited was a friend of mine .
The woman who / that bought the cakes was very happy .
The man who / that sold me the carrots was a friend of mine .
The farmer ( who / that ) I met in the market was my uncle .
The girl who / that bought the cakes was my sister .
Table 2 :
The pancake ( which / that ) I bought was delicious .
The dog ( which / that ) I bought was expensive .
The noodles ( which / that ) I cooked were too dry .
The tomatoes ( which / that ) I bought were green .
The food which / that were on the table was delicious .
The dog ( which / that ) I found was very hungry .
2. While checking the answers , the teacher must tell the Ss that a relative pronoun can be omitted if it is used as the object in the Clause . But if a relative pronoun is put after a preposition , it can' t be omitted . Give an example and write two sentences on the Bb .
e.g. The boy ( whom ) I spoke is Charlie
The boy to whom I spoke is Charlie.
Step VI . Practice
1. SB . Lesson 31 . Part 3. The students are required to join each pair of sentences , using the relative pronouns " who / that / which " . They are also required to translate the sentences into Chinese . Give the Ss some minutes to prepare , then ask them to write their answers in their exercise books . Finally , check the answers with the class.
( Show the suggested answers on the screen .)
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1. The eggs ( that / which ) I bought yesterday were not fresh . 我昨天买的鸡蛋不新鲜。
2. The friend who came to supper last night wasn' t hungry 昨天晚上来吃晚饭的朋友不饿。
3. He prefers the cheese which / that comes from his parents ' farm .
他更喜欢来自他父母亲农场的奶酪。
4. The noodles (which / that) you Cooked were delicious. 你做的面条很好吃。
5. I don' t like people who smoke a lot . 我不喜欢抽烟多的人。
6. The man who lives next to us sells vegetables . 住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖菜的。
7. I prefer dumplings which that have just been cooked. 我比较喜欢吃刚煮好的饺子。
8. Don't drink water which / that has not been boiled . 不要喝没有烧开的水。
9. The tomatoes ( which / that ) we ate just now were expensive . 我们刚才吃的西红柿不便宜。
10. The pancakes ( which / that ) you had for breakfast were made of corn .
你早饭吃的煎饼是玉米做的。
While checking the answers , tell the Ss to pay attention to the pronouns in the second sentences . They must be dropped off in the clause . More practice can be supplied for the Ss .
2. Wb , Lesson 31 . Ex . 2. Join each pair of the sentences . Two model sentences are given . First go through the examples with the Ss , then tell the Ss to work in pairs . Finally check the answers with the whole class.
Suggested answers :
1. The man who brought us the letter yesterday is in the next room .
2. The film ( that / which ) they saw last night is interesting .
3. The pen ( which / that ) he has taken away is mine .
4. The students who don' t work hard will not pass the exam .
5. The lady ( that / who / whom ) you saw just now is our geography teacher .
Step VII . Practice
WB , Lesson 31 Ex . 1. First tell the Ss to fill in the blanks with the relative pronoun " who, which or that “. Then let the students translate the sentences into Chinese . This can be left as the homework for the Ss , but it should be done orally in class first .
Suggested answers :
1. which / that 钟表是一种告诉人们时间的机器。
2. which / that 冰箱是一种能用来使食物保持新鲜的机器。
3. which / that 熊猫是一种只能在中国找到的动物。
4. which / that 四月一日是西方被称为“ 愚人节”的日子。
5. who / that 护士是看护病人的人。
6. who / that 老师是给学生授课的人。
7. who / that 盲人是什么也看不见的人。
8. (who / whom / that ) 你上次拜访过的那位妇女是位著名的作家。
9. who / that 住在隔壁的男孩有两只狗。
10. ( which / that ) 他正在寻找的那所房子价格不菲。
11. ( which / that ) 这些是我女儿小时候画的图画。
12. which / that " howl " 是一个来源于美洲印弟安人的词。
13. which / that 请想出一个来源于外国语的汉语词汇。
14. (who / whom / that ) 他是那个我昨天在公园里遇见的人。
15. who / that 你能帮我找到那个救了那女孩的人吗？
Step VIII . Sum up
Sum up the relative pronouns which can introduce an Attributive Clause and write them on the Bb , Let the Ss tell the function of the relative pronouns without looking at their notbooks .
Step IX . Homework
1. Write Ex , 1 and Ex . 2. on Page 94 in the exercise books and hand them in .
2. Finish Ex . 3. after class.
Suggested answers :
1--- D ; 2 --- E ; 3 --- A ; 4 ----B ; 5 ----C ; 6 ---- F ; 7 ---- G
Step X . The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Lesson 31
Passive Voice ( be + P.P.)
Relative Pronoun : people ( who / whom / that )
things ( which / that )
e.g. The boy ( whom ) I spoke to is Charlie .
The boy to whom I spoke is Charlie .
Step XI . Record after teaching