Lesson 57
1. Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 波尔先生刚刚来拜会了朱太太向她转达了一个口信. call on sb. = to visit sb. formally拜访; 去会见某人;(正式) = drop in on sb.(非正式); 例如: Tom called on Dick at his office yesterday afternoon. 汤姆昨天下午到迪克的办公室去拜访了他. She called on her teacher once a month. 她每月去拜会她的老师一次. call on sb. to do sth. 叫/ 请某人干某事; 号召某人干某事; 例如: The chairman of the meeting called on Dr. Smith to speak. 会议主席请史密斯博士讲话. Many of the songs called on the workers to take up the struggle. 那些歌曲中有许多是号召工人们坚持斗争的. call in召来; call for要求; call back回电话; call at some place访问; 探视某地 = drop in at some place 例如: He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr. King was better. 下班后他去了医院想看看 “金先生”是否好了些.
2. He is here on a visit from Guangzhou. 他从广州来此地参观.
3. I ‘ve got some personal affairs that I have to see to. 我有一些私人事务非处理不可. 1). affairs n. 重大而复杂的事; 例如: affairs of states国家事务; foreign affairs外交事务; 而business则指 “一般性事务, 尤指商务.” 例如: Let’s get down to business. 我们来谈正事吧. *** affairs用复数, 而business不用复数. 2). see to处理(某事); 负责做(某事); 照顾(某人); 例如: Who is seeing to the arrangements for the next meeting? 谁来负责下次会议? I’ll see to the actual business. 实际工作我会去做的. See to the fire. 当心烟火.
4. Mrs. Zhu, I called to tell you that the conference has been delayed until the 15th and 16th. 朱太太, 我来此告诉你大会已经被推迟到十五日和十六日了. delay vt. 推迟; vi. 使迟到; 耽搁; 例如: We delayed the meeting for a week. 我们把会议推迟了一周. ***只能说delay doing sth. 不能说delay to do sth. 再如: She delayed for two hours and missed the train. 她耽搁了两个小时误了火车. They are trying to delay until help arrives. 他们设法拖延, 等待援助到来.
5. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office.. 我本打算昨天告诉你, 但你不在办公室. Mean to do sth. 意欲; 打算干某事; 例如: I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我并不是打算要伤害你的. Mean doing sth. 意味着做某事; 例如: If you accept the job, that means moving to another city. 如果你接受那件工作, 那就意味着你要搬家到另一个城市去. Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是解放生产力.
6. It’s time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.= It’s time for me to go and pick up my little girl from school. 我该去学校接我小女儿了. 1). It’s time that + 主语 + 动词过去式 / 或 should + 动词原形(should不能省略) +其它 例如: It’s time we started our class. 我们该上课了. It’s time that you should go to bed / went to bed. 你该去睡觉了. 2). pick up接(某人)上车; 捡起某物; (天气, 身体, 形势等)好转; 听见; 学会(语言); 例如: I’ll pick you up at your place at 8 o’clock. 我八点钟去你那儿接你. Her health soon picked up after a few days rest. 休息了几天之后, 他的身体很快复元了. The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. 设备接受到了卫星发出的信号. She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 她去法国定居后很快就学会了法语.
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 15
Lesson 58
1. Well known from his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他在探索方面的足智多谋是广为人知的，他能够帮助许多人解决他们的私人事务. 1). well known for his expert advice = as he was well known for his expert advice. 过去分词短语做状语, 说明句子的谓语was able to help的原因, 过去分词短语做状语可以表示原因，时间，条件. 例如: Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 由于出生在一个贫困的家庭中, 他只上过两年学. (原因) Encouraged by Jim’s words, he continued his research work. 受到了吉姆鼓励, 他继续进行他的研究工作. (原因) Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. 从山顶上往下看这个城市非常美. (时间/条件) 2). expert advice内行的意见, expert n.专家; adj. 内行的; 常与at, in连用. 例如: All the young men are expert drivers. 所有的这些年轻人都是驾驶能手. An expert at / in cooking一位烹调方面的专家; an expert on foreign affairs一位外交专家.
2. One day a young lady came to visit Sherlock Holmes with a personal problem 有一天，一位年轻的女士带着她的私人问题来拜访舍洛克福尔摩斯. 1). personal affairs 私人事务; personal letters私人信件; 2). visit n. vt. 参观; 访问; pay / make a visit to sb. / some place访问某人 / 参观某地; be on a visit to sb / some place 访问某人 / 参观某地; 名词visit后面必须接介词to再接人 / 地方. 例如: They paid a visit to london last year. 他们去年访问了伦敦. He left here on a visit to France. 他离开此地去法国访问.
3. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of a metallic noise. 她经常在夜里听到长长的低沉的口哨和金属的响声. would与used to的区别: 情态动词would表示过去习惯性反复出现的动作, 它与used to的区别是: would只表示过去的习惯动作, 不表示状态. 它常带有过去的时间状语, 因此不涉及与现在对比. 而used to则表示过去常常发生的事或存在的状况, 言下之意是现在大不相同了. 试请比较下面两组句子: 1. When we were children we would go swimming every summer. 小时候我们每年夏天都去游泳. (现在很可能在夏天还去游泳) He used to be a quiet boy. 他过去曾是个安静的男孩. (现在不安静) 2. I used to go to my office on foot. 我过去步行去上班. (现在乘坐交通工具) He would often climb a mountain when young. 他年轻时经常去爬山. (现在很可能还经常去爬山)
4. Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely towards her 她叔叔对她的态度似乎很怪. act vi. 行为; 举止;（翻译比较灵活）例如: The boy was acting badly in school. 这孩子过去在学校一直表现很坏. He is more than forty but acts like a child. 他已经四十多岁了，但举止仍像个孩子. My grandma acted kindly towards / to my sister and me. 我奶奶对我和姐姐很亲切. act wrongly to sb. 对待某人不公正; act strangely to sb. 对待某人阴阳怪气的;
5. They have ever quarrelled several times 他们甚至还吵了好几次架. quarrel vi. 吵架; 争吵; 挑毛病; 例如: We don’t like him, he is always quarrelling with people. 我们不喜欢他, 他总是和人吵架. It is no use quarrelling about it with me. 这事情与我吵架没有用处
6. I dare say my uncle will. 我相信我叔叔会得到这笔钱. I dare say … 在句中可做主句或插入语. 例如: I dare say that no one can catch up with us. 我相信没有人能赶上我们. I dare
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say that we will certainly win the game. 我相信我们将赢得比赛. These young students, I dare say, can pass the entrance examination. 这些学生能够通过入学考试, 我相信.
7. I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. 我看到绳子是系在洞口旁边的钉子上, 而不是系在那根铁丝上. fasten vt. 固定某物. 例如: Please fasten your seat-belts. 请系好安全带. Have you fastened all the doors and windows ? 你把所有的门窗都关严了吗? fasten A and B; fasten sth. on / to sth. 把某物固定在另一物上; 把两物牢牢地联在一起; 例如: He fastened the two sheets of paper with a pin. 他用大头针把两张纸钉在一起. He fastened his eyes on me . 他紧紧盯着我.
8. A few building repairs were done a month ago. 一个月前房子进行了几处维修. do repairs / make repairs维修; 修理; 例如: The swimming pool will not be open to the public this week, for the workers are making repairs. 游泳池本周将不对外开放, 因为工人们正在搞内部装修. Repairs done while you wait. 修理迅速, 立等可取.
9. Your life is in danger. There is no doubt about it. 你有生命危险, 这是肯定无疑的. 1). there is no doubt about it. 这个句型表示某人对某事有把握, 毫不怀疑. 例如: We will be successful. There is no doubt about it. 我们将取得成功, 这是肯定无疑的. 2). There is no doubt + that引导的同位语从句. 例如: There is no doubt that he will come in time. 他将及时到来, 这是肯定无疑的. There is no doubt that your life is in danger. 你有生命危险, 这是肯定无疑的. 3). doubt n. 怀疑; 不确定; 例如: There is not much doubt about it . 这事没有什么可疑之处. vt. 怀疑; 例如: Do you doubt my words? 你怀疑我说的话? I don’t doubt that he will come on time. 我确信他会准时来到的. I doubt whether he’ll come. 我不确定他是否会来. *** doubt后面的宾语从句, 如主句是肯定的, 则引导词可用if / whether; 如主句是否定的, 则用that . 4) . 有关doubt的习语: in doubt 不确定; no doubt确实; with doubt不确定; beyond all doubt 无疑; 例如: His recovery is still in doubt. 他能否恢复健康还说不定. Wang Shaohe is no doubt the cleverest student in our school. 王少鹤无疑是我校最聪明的学生. Deng Yaping was beyond all doubt the best table tennis player of her day. 邓亚萍无疑是她那个时代最优势的乒乓球运动员.
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 15
Lesson 59
1. From that moment on they sat in silence. 自那以后他们就默不作声地坐着. 1). 介词短语from that moment on从那时起; from now on从现在起; from today on从今天起; from next month on从下个月起; 例句: From that time on he showed great interest in music. 从那时起他就对音乐感兴趣了. 2). in silence = silently沉默地; 不声不响地; 例如: The students sat there in silence. 学生们默不着声地坐在那儿. Father likes to listen to music in silence. 爸爸喜欢默不着声地听音乐.
2. A pale light came through the hole in the wall. 一道微弱的灯光从墙洞里透了过来. pale 淡暗的 bright 明亮的; 例如: After illness, Blanche looked pale. 病后, 布兰齐脸色苍白. The pale moon was reflected in the water. 淡淡的月亮倒影在水中.
3. With his stick he hit the bell rope again and again with heavy blows. 他用手杖一次又一次重重地敲打着铃绳. 1). again and again 反复地; 一再地; 例如: I told them again and again that they couldn’t do that. 我再三地告诉他们不能做那样的事情. 2). with heavy blows 重重地敲打; blow n. 打击; 打; (可数名词); vi 吹; 刮; 例如: The policeman struck him a blow that sent him to the ground. 警察一下把他打倒在地上. I gave the man a heavy blow on the head. 我狠狠地在那个人头上打了一下. The wind was blowing hard that night. 那天夜里风刮得很大. 3). hit 打中; 击中; strike 用力敲打; beat 连续地击打; 例如: He struck the table angrily. 他怒气冲冲猛拍桌子. A stone hit him on the head. 一颗石子打中了他的头部. The rain beat the windows heavily. 雨点重重地击打着窗户.
4. They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. 他们强行冲进叔父的卧室，发现他躺在地上，已经死了. break into = to enter by force 强行进入; 闯入; 例如: The thief broke into the bank and stole a lot of money. 那个贼闯进银行, 偷走了许多钱. We had to break into the house because we had lost the key . 因为我们丢了钥匙, 我们只好破门而入了.
5. Around his head was a brown snake. 一条棕色的蛇缠住了他的头. 状语前置时需要例置主语名词和谓语. 例如: In front of the house sat a little boy. 门前坐着一位小男孩. Along the road stands rows of tall trees. 沿途长着一排排高大的树木. Into the forest flew the birds. 鸟儿 “嗖” 地一下子飞入树林子不见了.
6. The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年轻的女士一听到响声就冲进房间. immediately she heard the noise = as soon as she heard the noise; 句中的immediately可以充当连词, 引导时间状语从句. 例如: The students ran out of the classroom immediately the bell rang. 铃一响, 学生们就跑出了教室. 另外 the moment; every time; each time也可用着连语, 引导时间状语从句.
7. You were supposed to die like that. 你本该象这样死去. be supposed to …应该……; 理应……; 例如: My brother is supposed to wash dishes today. 今天该我弟弟涮碗. She is supposed to be reading at home, but her mother found her in the park. 她今天本应在家学习, 但她母亲却在公园里发现了她. be not supposed to do sth. 不可以做某事; 例如: You are not supposed to go there. 你不能去那儿.
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 15
Lesson 60
Language Study
过去分词做定语和状语
动词的过去分词是一种非谓语动词形式. 其主要特点是表示被动与完成. 过去分词的构成方式: 规则动词一般在动词原形上加-ed; 不规则动词可以参照不规则动词表. 过去分词在句中具有形容词和副词的作用或性质. 可以充当表语, 定语, 状语和补足语.
1. 过去分词做定语:
过去分词做定语相当于一个形容词, 单个的过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的词的前面, 但是其短语形式做定语时一般放在被修饰的词的后面. 过去分词做定语, 在意义上相当于谓语是被动语态的定语从句. 例如:
His father is a retired worker. 他的父亲是一位退休工人.
I have his written promise. 我有他的书面诺言.
This is boiled water. 这是开水.
Those are finished products. 那些是成品.
He is a young teacher (who is) loved by all. 他是一个年轻老师, 大家都喜欢他
The polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 被污染的空气和水对健康有害.
I hate to see letters (which were) written in pencil.我讨厌看用铅笔写的信.
2. 过去分词做状语:
过去分词相当于一个副词, 可用来做状语, 通常表示时间, 原因, 条件, 或伴随情况(行为方式)等. 例如:
Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山上看这座城市显得很美丽.
Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 被他的话所感动我接受了他的礼物.
Injured in the leg, he couldn’t walk any further. 大腿受了伤, 他几乎一步也走不了了.
Deeply moved by what he said, I promised to help him. 我为他的话深深打动, 答应帮他.
Given more time, we could do it better. 给我们更多的时间, 我们能做得更好.
United we stand, divided we failed. 团结则存, 分裂则亡.
The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. 老师站在那儿, 身旁围着许多学生.
The glass fell to the ground broken into pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上摔得粉碎.
We went home exhausted. 我们疲惫不堪地回家了. (方式)
He won’t come to the party unless invited. 除非邀请否则他不会来参加聚会的.
We will not attack unless attacked. 人不犯我, 我不犯人.
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