非谓语动词作状语

发布时间:2016-7-19编辑:互联网

非谓语动词作状语

               

【高考走向】

  非谓语动词作状语的用法较灵活,很多同学觉得较难掌握,但在高考中却是屡见不鲜的考点。高考对

非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行,主要包括以下几个方面的内容:

  1.不定式作状语;

  2.-ing分词作状语;

  3.-ed分词作状语。

【典型例题】

  1.(NMET98, 单项填空)European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most

    popular sport in the world.

   A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

正确答案:A 此题考查-ing分词作结果状语的用法,所以选A。

  2.(NMET96,单项填空)_______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

  A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

正确答案:C 此题考查-ed分词短语作原因状语的用法 be lost in thought是一个短语,意为"陷入沉

     思",所以选C。

  3.(MET90,单项填空)Tom kept quiet about the accident _______ lose his job.

  A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to

正确答案:B 此题考查不定式作目的状语及其结构,所以选B。

【知识点拨】

  1.不定式作状语

    ① 不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因等。

     例如:We eat to live, but we don't live to eat. (目的)

        What has he said to make you so happy? (结果)

        She burst into tears to hear the bad news. (原因)

     注:表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用,构成so as (not) to do和in order (not)

       to do 结构,其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。

     例如:To get there in time, we got up very early.

        = In order to get there in time, we got up very early.

        = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.

    ② 不定式可用于作表语或补语的形容词之后作状语。

      例如:I'm sorry to hear that.

        Be careful not to catch cold .

        The man is easy to get along with.

        I don't think the man hard to get along with.

    ③ 不定式常与too或enough连用,在句中作状语。

     例如:The boy is too young to go to school/ to be sent to school.

        = The boy is not old enough to go to school/ to be sent to school.

    ④ 不定式有时用于so...as to do sth.结构中作状语。

     例如:Will you be so kind as to help me with the work?

    ⑤ 有时,不定式还可修饰一个句子,表明说话人的态度。常见的这类不定式有to tell you the

     truth, to be honest, to be franc, to be fair, 等。

     例如:To tell you the truth, I don't like the film.

  2.-ing分词和-ed分词作状语

    ① -ing分词和-ed分词作状语修饰谓语,多说明动作发生的背景、方式或伴随情况。如果在逻辑

     上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系,用-ing分词,有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

     例如:We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.

        Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.

    ② -ing分词和-ed分词都可作原因或时间状语, 其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。如果在逻辑

     上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系,用-ing分词,有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

     例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因)

        Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因)

        Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. (时间)

        Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (时间)

  3.-ing分词有时可作结果状语。

    例如:Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.

       We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.

  4.-ed分词有时用作条件状语,其作用相当于一个条件状语从句。

    例如:Given more time, we could have done it much better.

  5.如果不定式或分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生,该不定式或分词用完成式。

    例如:I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

       Having never/Not having met the man before, I couldn't recognize him at first.

       Having finished my homework, I went to play football.

【知识过关】

  1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.

    A. arriving    B. to arrive    C. having arrived   D. and arrived

  2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.

    A. angrily pointing    B. and point angrily  

     C. angrily pointed    D. and angrily pointing

  3. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.

     A. Not receiving      B. Receiving not 

     C. Not having received   D. Having not received

  4. She is upstairs _______ letters.

    A. writes    B. is writing    C. write       D. writing

  5. The secretary worked late into the night, _______ a long speech for the president.

     A. to prepare  B. preparing   C. prepared      D. was preparing

  正确答案:1. D   2. A   3. C   4. D   5. B