科目 英语
年级 初三
文件 middle3 unit17.1.doc
标题
章节 第十七单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ . 词汇学习
market , bridge , museum , crossing , across , group , glass - topped , point , surprise , teapot , thermos , thirsty , found , sign , entrance , exit , smoke
on show , hundreds of , a group of , point at , be surprised , make tea , move on , break down , wear it a lot , go across the bridge
Ⅱ . 句型学习
Turn right at the second crossing .
Take the second turning on the left .
The P.R.C was founded on October 1 , 1949 .
Ⅲ . 语法学习
一般过去时被动语态的构成及运用。
Ⅳ . 交际英语
问路和应答；常见的标志和说明
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . market 市场；集市；销路
She went to the market to but vegetables .
The market for cotton is weak . 棉花的销路不旺。
［点拨］market 指经常出售货品的“市集”，fair 指定期的“集市”，一般在乡下或小镇举行。
2 . bridge 桥
We built five bridges last year .
The bridge was built five hundred years ago .
［点拨］burn one's bridges 背水一战，不留后路。
3 . museum 博物馆
I visited the museum yesterday . 我昨天参观了博物馆。
I went to the Palace Museum in Beijing last year . 去年我参观了北京故宫博物馆。
［点拨］the British Museum 不列颠博物馆。
4 . crossing 十字路口；人行横道；交叉点
We must look at traffic lights at crossing . 在十字路口一定要看交通信号灯。
This is crossing of two roads . 这是两条路的交叉点。
［点拨］at a crossing 在十字路口。
5 . across 横过；穿过；在……的另一边 ( 介词 )
I walked across the street . 我横穿大街。
He swam across the river . 他游过河去。
There is a bridge across the rive .
The hospital is across the street . 医院在街对面。
［点拨］across 主要强调从某物的一端横越到另一端。through强调从中间穿过。
6 . group 组，一组。
The students discussed these questions in groups . 学生们分组讨论了这些问题。
A group of students are planting trees . 一组学生在植树。
［点拨］a group of 一群 ( 组 ) 。in a group = in groups 成群地
7 . point 指；旨向；指引 ( 动词 )
He pointed at the picture on the wall . 他指着墙上的画。
He pointed the way to the station . 他指引到车站的路。
He pointed to the birds in the tree . 他指着树上的鸟。
［点拨］point at sth 表示指点近处的物体。point to sth . 表示指向远处的某物。
8 . surprise 1 ) 使惊奇；使感意外 ( 动词 )
The news greatly surprised us . = We were surprised
greatly at the news . 这消息使我们大为吃惊。
2 ) 惊奇，诧异 ( 名词 )
He heard the news without surprise . 他听到这个消息后，并不感到惊奇。
［点拨］to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是。in surprise 吃惊地。
9 . thirsty 口渴的 ( 形容词 )
I feel thirsty . 我口渴
Salty food makes us thirsty . 咸的食品使我们口渴。
［点拨］thirsty 的比较级、最高级有两种形式：thirstier , thirstiest 或加 more , most . be thirsty for 渴望…。thirst 是名词“渴”。
10 . PLA 中国人民解放军
He is a PLA man . 他是一位中国人民解放军。
［点拨］PLA 的全称为 People's Liberation Army
11 . PRC 中华人民共和国 ( 全称为 People's Republic of China )
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 .
12 . Party 共产党 ( 小写指党、政党；聚会 )
The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921 .
［点拨］join the Party 入党。
13 . found 成立；建立 ( 动词 )
They founded this school last year .
［点拨］found 的过去式、过去分词为 founded 。founder 为创始人。
14 . sign 标志；符号；迹象；招牌
The“Stop”sign changes“go” . 红灯变成了绿灯。 ( 交通信号 )
These are traffic signs . 这些是交通标志。
The weather shows no signs of getting better . 天气没有好转的迹象。
He made a sign for me to follow him . 他打了个手势，要我跟着他去。
Shops often have signs outside showing what the shops sell . 商店常在外面挂个牌子标明所出售的东西。
15 . entrance 入口；入场；进入 ( 名词 )
This is the entrance to the cinema . 这是电影院的入口。
He passed the entrance examination for college . 他通过了大学的入学考试。
Her father made a sudden entrance . 她父亲突然进来了。
［点拨］entrance 后常接 to 表示“……的入口”。其动词为 enter .
16 . exit 出口；太平门
There is another exit in the building . 这栋建筑还有另外一个出口。
17 . smoke 1 ) 吸烟，冒烟 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 烟 ( 名词 )
The fireplace is smoking . 壁炉是冒着烟。
My father is always smoking . 我父亲老是吸烟。
［点拨］have a smoke 抽烟。
单元词组思维运用
1 . in the centre of 在……的中心
We live in the centre of the city . 我们住在该城市中心。
He placed the roses in the centre of the dining - room table . 他将玫瑰花放
在餐桌中央。
2 . on show 展览，陈列
She was fond of looking at new dress on show .
What is on show in the Museum ?
There will be something new on show next month in Wuhan . 下个月在武汉有些新东西展览。
3 . hundreds of 数面
Hundreds of workers work in this factory . 数百名工人在这个工厂工作。
4 . point at ( 用手 ) 指向，指出
One of the boys was pointing at something in the garden . 其中一个男孩，用手指向花园里的一件东西。
The teacher is pointing at the map of China on the wall .
老师指着墙上的中国地图。
It's rude to point your finger at people . 用手指人是不礼貌的。
5 . these days 现在，目前；如今
He is working hard these days . 他现在工作很努力。
Tom's trouble is very common to boys these days . 汤姆的毛病在如今男孩中是很普遍的。
6 . move on 动身，出发，继续往前走
They keep moving on from one place to another .
他们一直从一个地方走到另一个地方。
It was raining hard , but the officer told us to move on . 天下着大雨，但长宫叫我们继续前进。
7 . begin with 以……开始
We began with the first lesson . 我们从第一课开始。
8 . end with 以……结束
He ended his letter with good wishes to the family . 他以向全家问好结束了他的信。
9 . in the old days ( 在 ) 从前，过去
That's what we did in China in the old days , before thermoses were invented . 那就是在旧中国，暖瓶发明以前我们的作法。
He could remember the things in the old days .
10 . look up 查阅
If you don't know the meaning of a word , look it up in a dictionary . 如果你不懂某个词的意思，可以查一个字典。
You can look up her telephone number in the book . 你可以在电话号码本查一下她的电话号码。
11 . get out ( of ) 出来，离开
There were so many people in the doorway that we could hardly get out . 问口有那么多人，我们简直走不出去了。
He gets out the lift . 他从电梯里面出来了。
We got out of the cinema at 10 : 30 .
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . 表语从句的句型
That's what we did in China in the old days .那就是我们中国从前的作法。
［明晰］What we did China in the old days 是表语从句。表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的连系动词之后。又如：
That's why she is so happy .
This is what we want .
The question is whether can finish our work by tomorrow evening .
2 . make + 宾语 + 动词原形
It makes me feel thirsty . 它使我感到口渴。
［明晰］①make 在此句中是“使，迫使”之意。make sb . do sth . 是一种跟不带 to 的不定式的结构，feel thirsty 就是不带 to 的不定式，作句中宾语 me 的宾语补足语。
He made them fear him . 他使他们惧怕他。
②在被动语态中，make 后面的不定式带 to . 如：
He was made to do it . 别人使他做的。
在主动语态的句子中，在 feel , hear , see , listen to , notice , watch , make , have , let 等动词之后的宾补，不定式通常不带 to。但是在被动语态的句子中，这些动词后不定式要带 to。例如：
主动语态：We heard him sing in the next room .
被动语态：Hw was heard to sing in the next room .
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . What was it used for ? 它用来干什么的 ?
［释疑］这是一般过去时的被动语态，助动词 be 根据人称的变化，变为 was 或 were。
I was called Xiao Mao at that time . 那时人们叫我小毛。
They were sent here by Uncle Wang yesterday .
他们是王大叔昨天送到这里来的。
2 . Can you tell me the way to the museum , please ? 请问你能告诉我去博物馆的路吗 ?
［释疑］下面问路的方式很常见：
Where is the museum , please ? 请问博物馆在哪里 ?
How can I get to the museum ? 我怎么去博物馆呢 ?
Which is the way to the museum ? 哪条路是通向博物馆的 ?
3 . Turn right at the second crossing . 在第二个十字路口处向右拐。
［释疑］这句话也可说成 Take the second turning on the right .
4 . Go across the bridge . 穿过那座桥。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) across 为介词，“横过，穿过”。cross 为动词，“横过，穿过”。crossing 为名词，“十字路口；人行横道；交叉点”。例如：
He can swim across the river . 他能游过河去。
He swims very well . He can cross the river . 他游泳游得很好，他能游过河。
Our school is on the corner of the crossing . 我们学校在十字路口的拐角处。
( 2 ) 辨异：介词 across 强调的是“横穿”，而介词 through 则强调“从……中间穿过”。例如：
Go through the back door , and you'll find a beautiful garden there . 穿过后门，你就会看到那里有一个漂亮的花园。
5 . You can't miss it . 你不会看到它的。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) miss 为动词时意为：fail to hit , catch , find , meet , hear , see , etc . 即：没打着，没赶上，没发现，没遇见，没听见，没看见等。例如：
He missed the ball . 他没接着球。
Did you miss the early bus ? 你没赶上早班车吗 ?
I'm sorry I missed you at the station . 很抱歉，我在车站没见到你。
He never missed a day's work . 他从来没停过一天工作。
( 2 ) miss 在口语中，还常常用作“惦记，想念”。例如：
We all miss you very much . 我们都想念你。
You don't know how I miss you . 你可不知道我是多么惦记你。
( 3 ) 表示没做成什么事情时，要用 miss doing something 这一形式。例如：
I got up late this morning . I missed catching the train at 6 : 40 . 今天早晨起床迟了，没能赶上 6：40 的那趟火车。
6 . Go up this road to the end . 沿着这条路一直到尽头。
［释疑］在看地图时，有“上北下南”之说，句中的 up 即属这种用法。
7 . Last week , a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum in the centre of the town . 上星期，三班的一组学习决定去参观城镇中心的博物馆。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) group 为名词，意为“组，群，队”。又如：
There are five students in their study group . 他们的学习小组有5位学生。
Look ! Groups of children are playing on the ground . 瞧，三五成群的孩子在操场上玩耍。
( 2 ) decide to do sth . “决定干某事”。例如：
We're decided to visit the East Lake next week . 我们决定下星期去东湖游玩。
Where will you decide to go in the holiday ? 假期你准备到什么地方去 ?
8 . They saw many old things on show in glass - topped tables . 他们观看了玻璃桌面的桌子里展览的许多古老的东西。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) on show “展览，陈列”。例如：
The pictures on show are drawn by her . 展出的图画都是她画的。
My handwriting will be on show next week . 我的书法将于个个星期展出。
What's on show tonight ? ( 根据具体情景，可译为 ) 今晚上演什么电影 ? 或：今晚有什么 ( 电视 ) 节目 ?
( 2 ) 介词短语作定语时，放在它所修饰的名词后面，如不只一个介词短语，语序与汉语的相反。所以，句中的 on show 须放在 in glass - topped tables 前面。例如：
Can you see the cat under the table in corner ? 你看见墙角桌子下面的那只猫吗 ?
The woman with a baby on her back is Li Ming's mother .
9 . Some of the things were hundreds of years old . 其中一些物品距今已有几百年的时间了。
［释疑］hundreds of…“数百……”，其中 hundreds 是名词复数，例如：hundreds of children 几百个孩子， hundreds of flowers 好几百种花
注意：one hundred , two hundred , three hundred 中的 hundred 是数词，不可加 s。
10 . She pointed at one of the things . 她指着其中一件物品。
［释疑］在这里 point 为动词，“指，指向”。例如：
It is not polite to point at a person . 指着别人是失礼的。
He pointed to the house at the foot of the hill and said : “That is my home . ”
Can you point out the two mistakes in this sentence ? 你能指出这句子的两处错误吗 ?
11 . It says here , on this card , that it was used in plays . 这儿，在这张卡片上写着，那是戏剧中用的。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) “……上写着”，英语用动词 say。又如：
Here is a postcard for you . It says：“Happy New Year to you . ”这里有一张你的明信片，上面写着“祝你新年快乐”。
The blackboard says that we'll have a football match against Class Two tomorrow . 黑板上写着明天我们有一场对二班的足球比赛。
( 2 ) 宾语从句前由于有逗号断开，连接记号 that 不可省略。
12 . She was surprised . 她感到惊奇。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) surprise 作动词用，指“使人惊奇，使人意外”。例如：
What he said surprised us . 他讲的话使我们感到惊讶。
Did the bad news surprise her ? 这坏消息使她感到意外吗 ?
( 2 ) surprised 作形容词用，说明主语的状态，意为“惊讶的”。例如：
I was much surprised at the result . 我对结果感到诧异。
They were all surprised to hear that . 听到那件事，他们都觉得奇怪。
13 . Isn't it beautiful ! 它不美丽吗 ? ( 它真美丽 ! )
［释疑］用否定疑问句表示惊叹，标点符号用感叹号。
14 . It was used for keeping tea hot after it was made . 那是在茶泡好后用来保温的。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) keeping tea hot 中的形容词 hot 作宾语 tea 的宾语补足语。例如：
Please keep your eyes closed . 请一直把双眼闭着。
You must keep the room clean . 你们务必保持房间清洁。
( 2 ) make tea “沏茶，泡茶”。又如：
But in England we still make tea in teapots . 然而在英国，我们仍然在茶壶里泡茶。
15 . That's what we did in China in the old days . 那就是中国在古老的时候，我们所采用的沏茶方法。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) what we did in China in the old days 是表语从句。
( 2 ) what we did 字面含义“我们所做的”。这里用来指课文前面提到的把小茶壶放在另一个大罐子里保温的方法。
16 . It makes me feel thirsty . 它使我感到口渴。
［释疑］feel thirsty 是不带 to 的动词不定式，在句中作宾语 me 的补足语。
17 . The group of girls all moved on and had a good drink of tea together , from a modern thermos ! 这一群女生都继续往前走去，从现代的保温瓶里倒了茶，一起痛痛快快地喝了个够。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 副词 on 放在动词后，表示动词继续下去。又如：
They worked on there though it was raining heavily . 虽然当时下着大雨，他们仍在那里干活。
He walked on and on . At last he got out of the forest . 他走啊走啊，最后走出了树林。
( 2 ) have a drink of tea “喝茶”
注意下列带有 have 一词短语的含义：have a look 瞧一瞧，have a rest 休息一下，have a try 试一试，have a walk 散散步，have a meeting 开会
18 . When was the party founded ? 中国共产党是什么时候成立的 ?
［释疑］句中的 Party 第一个字母大写，指的是中国共产党，英文全称为：the Chinese Communist Party 或 the Communist Party of China .
19 . It was founded on July 1 , 1921 . 他是1921年7月1日成立的。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 表示在几月几号时，要用介词 on，如果只有表示在哪个月，则用介词 in。例如：in January 在元月
( 2 ) July 1 的正式写法为 July lst . 读作 July the first .
20 . You can see these signs in a museum . 在博物馆里，你能够看到这些标志。
［释疑］sign “标志，符号”。例如：
Dark cloud is a sign of rain . 乌去是下雨的迹象。
You must know the traffic signs . 你必须知道各种交通标志。
21 . Where else can you see them ? 你还能在别的地方看见它们吗 ?
［释疑］ ( 1 ) else 为副词，“别的”其他的”。放在疑问副词或疑问代词后。又如：
What else can you do ? 你还能做什么 ?
Who else will go there with me ? 还有谁将和我一起去那里 ?
( 2 ) else 还经常放在不定代词后使用，
22 . Look up the new words in a dictionary . 在词典里查这些生词。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) look up 在此作“查阅”，注意不可说 look a dictionary .
( 2 ) 当 look up 的宾语为代词时，必须把代词放在 up 之前。
23 . 相似词 find 与 found 的区别
［释疑］find ( 找到，发现 ) ，过去式和过去分词为 found , found .
found ( 成立，建立 ) ，过去式和过去分词为 founded , founded .
When was the Party founded ? 党是什么时候建立的 ?
He opened the box . and found it empty . 他把这箱子打开，发觉它是空的。
He found that the door was closed . 他发现门已关了。
He founded a hospital in the town . 他在城里创办了一所医院。
24 . 行为动词 do 的用法
［释疑］①do 通常意谓“工作”或“从事某项活动”，当我们说起某项工作或活动，而又不确指某项活动时，常用 do 来表达。如：
Do something ! 做点什么吧 !
- What are you doing ? 你在干什么 ?
- I'm reading . 我在读书。 ( 即：That's what I'm doing . )
- What did you do this morning ? 你今天上午做了什么事 ?
- I wrote some letters . 我写了几封信。 ( 即：That's what I did . )
- What have you done ? 你干了什么事呀 ?
- I've broken this glass . 我把这玻璃杯打碎了。 ( 即：That's what I've done . )
②意谓“做”的 do，常与 some / any / no 连用。如：
Haven't you got anything to do ? 你有什么事可干吗 ?
I've got nothing to do . 我没事可干。
I'm not going to do any work . 我将什么工作也不做。
③可用 do 来避免重复前面已用过的动词。
Mary works 16 hours a day . I don't know how she does it . 玛丽每天工作16小时，我不知道她是怎样工作的。
That the dog for a walk . - I've already done it .
你带狗去散散步。 - 我已经这样做了。
在简略答语中，可用 do 避免重复问句中的动词。如：
- Does he also study English ?
- Yes , he does . / No , he does not .
④动名词前的 do , do + 动名词可表示指明的工作。如：
do ( some ) shopping 买东西 / do the washing 洗衣服， do ( a lot of ) swimming ( 常 ) 游泳 / do some reading 读点书
⑤do 和 make 的比较：
make 常用来表达“制造或创造”，do 表示从事某一活动，但含义不明确。试比较：
- What are you doing ? 你在做什么 ?
- I'm making a cake . 我在做蛋糕。
- What are you making ? 你在制做什么 ?
- A cake . 蛋糕。
do 和 make 都有各种固定的组合，例如：
do the homework 做功课 / do the housework 做家务 / do the cooking 烹调 / do shopping 购物/ do one's best 尽力而为 / do someone a favour 帮某人的忙/ do good ( harm ) to sb . 对某人有好 ( 坏 ) 处。/ be made of 用…制造 / be made from 由…制造/ make a face 扮鬼脸 / make fun of 嘲笑/ make money 赚钱 / make progress 前进，进步/ make ready to 准备好 / make the best of 充分利用/ make up one's mind 下决心 / make use of 利用
25 . 问路和应答
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 常用的问路表示方法：
Excuse me . Where's the post office ? 请问去邮局的路怎么走 ?
Excuse me . Can you tell me the way to the bank ? 你能告诉我去银行的路怎么走吗 ?
How can I get to the police station ? 怎样才能到警察局 ?
Excuse me . Can you show me the way to the hospital ? 你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗 ?
Which direction is it to the theater ? 朝哪个方向走才能到达剧院 ?
( 2 ) 常用的指路表达
Go along this street , take the second turning on the right . 沿着这条街走，在第二个路口向右拐。
GO straight ahead , it's about two hundred metres from here . 一直朝前走，离这大约200米远。
The restaurant is across the street from the hotel , you can't miss it . 餐馆就在旅馆的街对面，你不会找不到的。
Go that way for two blocks , them turn left at the first crossing . 朝那边走两个街区，然后在第一个十字路口向左拐。
26 . 常见的标志和说明
［释疑］BUSINESS HOUES 营业时间
OFFICE HOURS 工作时间
OPEN 营业中
CLOSED 关门
PULL 拉
PUSH 推
ON ( 机器、电器等 ) 开着，正在运转等
OFF ( 机器、电器等 ) 关着，不运转
ENTRANCE 入口
EXIT 出口
INSTRUCTIONS 说明、须知
FRAGILE 易碎的
THIS SIDE UP 把这面向上
MENU 菜单
NO SMOKING 请勿吸烟
NO PARKING 禁止停车
NO PHOTOS 禁止拍照
DANGER 危险
PLAY 播放
STOP 停止
PAUSE 暂停
【 妙文赏析 】
1 . No Use Cleaning
Dad : This damned ( 该死的 ) watch stopped again . I have to get it cleaned .
Son : It's no use cleaning it , Dad . I washed it for you last night when I was washing my face .
2 . Is Sunday Their Day Off ?
Teacher : A farmer collects ( 收集 ) five eggs every day . So how many eggs does he collect in a week ?
Student : That depends on ( 取决于 ) whether his hens work on Sundays .
3 . A good Dream
Mike : Kate , I dreamed ( 作梦 ) a good dream last night . I got full marks for maths . Do you know what it means ?
Kate : Yes . It means you studied very hard in dreams .
4 . Where Are the Alps ?
One day Ann was doing her homework . Suddenly ( 突然 ) she asked her father , “Dad , where are the Alps ( 阿尔卑斯山 ) , do you know ? ”
“Go and ask your mother , ”said her father . “I don't know where she put them . ”
5 . Very Expensive ( 贵 )
A man was watching a basketball game with his five - year - old son on his knees ( 膝盖 ) . Suddenly the boy asked . “Is the ball very expensive , Dad ? ”
“What makes you think so ? ”the father asked .
“If not , ”said the little boy , “why doesn't each of them buy one for himself ? ”
【 思维体操 】
请同学们开动脑筋解答下列问题
1 . Terry is older than Mark and Sam is younger than Terry . Which of the fol
lowing statements is most accurate ?
( a ) Sam is older than Mark .
( b ) Sam is younger than Mark .
( c ) Sam is as old as Mark .
( d ) It is impossible to tell whether Sam or Mark is older .
2 . Which of the five makes the best comparison ?
Leap is to peal as 8326 is to :
2368 6283 2683 6382 3628
( a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d ) ( e )
3 . Anne received 莖 . 59 change from a supermarket purchase ( 购买物 ) Of the eleven coins she received in change , three were exactly alike . These three coins had to be :
PENNIES NLCKELS DIMES QUARTERS HALF DOLLARS
( a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d ) ( e )
( dime 1角硬币，nickel l5分镍币，pennies 1分硬币 )
答案： 1 . D Without more information it is impossible to tell . We only know that both Mark and Sam are younger than Terry .
2 . D Substitute numbers for letters : L = 8 , E = 3 , A = 2 , P =6 . Peal =
6328 .
3 . B Four dimes , three nickels , and four pennies is the only solution .
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
一般过去时被动语态：
构成：主语 + was ( were ) + 及物动词的过去分词。
陈述句 ( Statements ) : The letter was written a week ago . 这封信是一星期前写的。
疑问句 ( Questions ) : Was the letter written a week ago ? / When was the letter written ? 例句：
The museum was built two years ago . 这个博物馆是两年前建成的。
Was the thief caught by a policeman ? 这个小偷是被警察抓住的吗 ?
Where were the children found ? 孩子们是在哪被发现的 ?
When was the watch bought ? 这块手表是什么时候买的 ?
The thermos were used for keeping water hot . 这些暖水瓶是用于保存热水的。
主动语态变被动语态的四个步骤：
①把主动语态句子中的宾语变成被动语态句子的主动。
②把主动语态句子中的谓语变成被动语态：be + 动词的过去分词。注意被动语态中 be 的时态与主动语态句子中的谓语动词的时态相同。
③把主动语态中的主语变为 by 的宾语 ( 如为代词，主格形式变成宾语形式 ) 。如果动作执行者不需要强调或说明，by 短语可以省略。
Everybody likes Tom . 大家都喜欢汤姆。
Tom is liked by everybody . 汤姆被大家喜欢。
He wrote a letter . 他写了一封信。
A letter was written by him . 这信是他写的。
They are building a road . 他们正在修一条路。
A rood is being built ( by them ) . 那条路在修建中。
含有两个宾语的主动结构变为被动结构
主语结构中若有两上宾语 ( 直接宾语和间接宾语 ) ，通常将表示人的间接宾语变为被动态主语，而直接宾语 ( 表示物的 ) 作为保留宾语而不动。有时也可将直接宾语变为被动语态主语，间接宾语作为保留宾语而不动，但其前通常要加介词 to 或 for。如：
He gave me some books . 他给了我一些书。 ( 主动语态 )
I was given some books . ( 间接宾语作主语 ) ( 较常见 )
Some books were given to me . ( 直接宾语作主语 )
Father bought me a pen . 父亲给我买了支钢笔。
I was bought a pen . ( 间接宾语作主语 )
A pen was bought for me . ( 直接宾语作主语 )
含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构
主动结构中如有复合宾语 ( 即：宾语 + 宾语补足语 ) ，变为被动语态时，只将复合宾语中的逻辑主语 ( 即宾语 ) 变成主语，其余部分不动。如：
We found him working in the fields . 我们发现他在田里工作。
He was found working in the fields . 他被发现在田里工作。
They named the baby Mary . 他们给这个小婴儿取名玛丽。
We elected Xiao Zhang our team leader . 我们选小张当队长。
Xiao Zhang was elected our team leader . 小张被选为我们的队长。
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的英语单词，使句意合乎要求或与原文相符。
1 . Can you tell me the way to the Palace Museum ?
Can you tell me ____ ____ ____ the Palace Museum ?
2 . People around the earth like playing football .
People ____ ____ the world like playing football .
3 . There are many computers on show in the exhibition hall .
There are ____ ____ ____ computers on show in the exhibition hall .
4 . I don't know how I should answer this question .
I don't know ____ _____ ____ this question .
5 . You can't miss the hospital .
____ very easy ____ ____ the hospital .
6 . Be careful when you go across the road in the city .
____ care when you ____ the road in the city .
7 . It made me feel worried .
I was made ____ ____ worried .
8 . The bottle is filled with cold water .
The bottle ____ full ____ cold water .
【创新园地 】
在短文空白处填上适当的介词或副词
One day , when Mr Smith came home ( 1 ) work , he found his wife very angry ( 2 ) something . Mr Smith always thought that he was more sensible ( 理智 ) than his wife , so he started to give her a lesson on the importance of always keeping quiet . Finally he said , “It's a waste ( 3 ) time to get excited ( 4 ) small things . Train ( 训练 ) yourself to be quiet , ( 5 ) me . Now , look ( 6 ) the fly ( 苍蝇 ) . It has just stood on my nose . Am I getting excited or angry ? Am I shouting or moving my arms around ? No , I'm not . I'm very quiet . ”
Just as he had said this , Mr Smith started shouting . He jumped ( 7 ) and began to move his arms ( 8 ) widely . He couldn't speak ( 9 ) some time , but ( 10 ) last he was able to tell his wife : the thing ( 11 ) his nose hadn't been a fly , it had been a terrible bee .
( 请同学们把你的答案反馈给我们 )
【 创新园地】答案：
1 . from 2 . about 3 . of 4 . about 5 . like 6 . at 7 . up 8 . around 9 . for 10 . at 11 . on