科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit5.doc
标题 Why do you do that ?
章节 第五单元
关键词
内容
一、 目地与要求：
掌握本单元出现的单词和词组。如：feed, fact, free, fetch, so that, grow up , in fact, be made from, in the past, in order to , wash away, break the rule, stop sb from doing, be covered with, so as to do…；
二、本单元知识重点与难点分析：
1.I'll keep the box in the shade so that the sun doesn't burn the little plants 我会把这个盒子放在阴凉地方，这样太阳就不会把幼苗晒枯。
本句中的so that 作“以便，为了，使能够”解，引导目地状语从句。
例如：He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
他起床很早以便赶上头班车。
Please speak louder so that everyone can hear you.
请再大声点说，以便大家都能听到你说的话。
I'll put some powder on the soil so that the little plants will grow better.
我会在土上加一些肥粉，以便使幼苗长的更好。
So that也可以引导结果状语从句，主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，作“因此”解，
例如：He often told lies, so that no one believed him.
他常常说谎，因此没有人相信他的话。
He turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the important news.
他把收音机的音量调大了，结果大家都听到这条重要新闻了。
He got up early this morning, so that he caught the first bus.
今天早上他起的很早，因此赶上了头班车。
注意：so that引导目的状语从句时，常用情态动词can, could ,may ,might , will , would和should。而在结果状语从句中，一般不用may, might, should等情态动词，so that前通常有逗号。
2.Then I'll water them to stop the soil getting too dry.
然后，我将给这些幼苗浇水，以免土壤变得太干燥。
本句中stop sth/sb(from) doing sth 作“阻止……做某事”解。句中的“from”在口语中常可省略。类似的词组有“prevent sth/sb(from) doing sth/,“keep sb/sth from doing sth”.意思都是阻止某人做某事。但用keep sb from doing sth时不能省略from.例如：
The heavy rain stopped me (form) coming to attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天那场大雨使我没能来参加那个会议。
How can me stop the sun(from) burning the plants?
我们怎样才能使这些植物不被晒枯呢?
They did what they could to stop the soil from being washed away by water.
他们做了最大的努力，防止土壤被大水冲走。
You must prevent her (from) telling the truth.
你一定要阻止她说话出事实真相。
No one can keep the wheel of history going forward.
没有人能阻止历史的车轮前进。
3.Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens?
你是必须像喂小鸡那样养育植物吗?
1)feed (fed, fed) vt.(give food to)喂，饲养。例如：
Have the pigs been fed yet?这些猪已经喂过了吗?
What do you feed your dog on? I feed my dog on meat .(=I feed meat to my dog.)
代用什么食物喂你的狗? 我用肉喂我那条狗。
feed…on sth=feed sth to…意思都是“用…来喂养…”但feed on sth的意思是“以…为食”。例如：Cattle feed chiefly on grass.牛主要以草为食。
2)…like you feed chickens.
本句中的like是连词，作“像，同…一样”解，这种用法是一种非正式的美国英语，在正式文体中，还是用“as”为好。
例如：Nobody loves you as/like I do, child.孩子，谁也没有像我这样疼爱你。
She can抰 cook well as her mother does.她烹妊的技术不像她母亲那样好。
4.Or do they grow up by themselves ?还是靠他们自己来生长?
(all) by oneself=alone=on one's own.意思是“独自地，”例如：
He dare not go out at night(all) by himself.晚上，他不敢单独一人出去。
You must finish this experiment (all) by yourself.你必须独自地完成这个试验。
No one can finish this task on his own.没有人能独自一人完成这项任务。
5.It will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.
它(肥粉)能使白菜秧长得又大又壮。
make sb/sth do sth使…做某事。make后跟不带to的不定式，作宾语补足语。例如：
The boss made them work for him without pay.老板迫使他们无偿为他工作。
They made me repeat the story.他们要我重新叙述了一遍那个故事。
上述例句如果改用被动语态来叙述，则不定式的符号to不能省略。例如：
They were made to work for him without pay.他们被迫为他无偿地劳动。
I was made to repeat the story.我被迫又重新叙述了一遍那个故事。
另：have sb do sth=get sb to do sth=let sb do sth都是“让某人做某事”的意思，没有make sb do sth的语气那样强烈。
6.Like me! 这是承上文来的一种省略的表达。意思是It will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong like me!它(肥粉)将使白菜秧长得像这样粗壮。
Like 在句中是介词，作“像…一样”解。后面跟名词或代词，构成介词短语，在句中作状语，例如：
I want to be a teacher like my father when I grow up.
长大后，我想像我父亲一样作一名教师。
Don't talk to me like that!不要那样对我讲话。
We got on well with each other like old friends.我们之间相处融洽，就像老朋友一样。
7.What has changed in the past few years？.在过去的几年里发生了什么事?
in the past/last few years意思是“在过去的几年里”，句中时态通常用现在完成时。
例如：Great changes have taken place in China in the last ten years.
在过去的十年里(近十年来)，中国发生了很大的变化。
The students have already read about twenty English novels in the past three years.パ生们近三年来已经读了大约有二十本英文小说了。
注意：a few 几个，一些(表肯定)，few没几个(表否定)，但在句中的 the past few years的few之前，不能加a。不能说in the past a few years.这是一个固定搭配用法，在few前有past ,last , every等词时，few前就不能有a.例如：He went to see his father in the hospital every few days.每隔几天，他就到医院去看望他父亲一次。
8.A few of them can be cut each year for firewood. The rest are left to grow even taller.每年可以砍掉一些小树当柴火，其余的就留下来，让它们长得更高大。
1)a few of them相当于some of them，意思是“在…中有一些(人或物)”，表示肯定的意思。而few of them相当于almost none of them意思是“在……中没有几个(人或物)”，表示否定的意思。后面都跟复数的可数名词，例如：
I know a few of these people.这些人当中我认识几位。
I know few of these people.这些人当中没几个我认识的。
I met a few of my old friends there.我在那见到了几位老朋友。
I met few of my old friends there.我在那里没有见到几个老朋友。
the rest意思是“其余的；其它的”当它作主语时，谓语动词应视情况而定；它代替的是不可数名词要用动词单数形式，如代替的是可数名词的复数形式则应用动词的复数形式。例如：
I will take two and the rest are yours.我拿这两个，剩下的都是你的。
Take what you want and throw the rest away.把你所要的拿去，其余的切掉。
Pour me a glass of water and the rest is yours.给我倒一杯水，剩下的是你的。
About one third of the students in our class are from Beijing and the rest are from Shanghai and Tienjing.我们班大约三分之一的学生是北京人，其余的来自于上海和天津。9.People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.村民们为了砍柴要走很多公里的路程。
fetch的意思是“去取来”，“去把…拿来”，(go for and bring back sb/sth)接来(人)，取来(物)，
例如：Will you please fetch me a cup of tea?请你给我拿杯茶来好吗?You'd better fetch a doctor at once.你最好立刻去请一位医生来。Please fetch the children from school.请到学校去把孩子们接来。
Shall I fetch you your hat from the next room？要我去隔壁房间把你的帽子拿来吗?
注意bring, take, carry和fetch的不同含义。bring是“带来”；take是“拿去”、“带去”；carry是“携带”，既可是“带去”，也可是“带来”，没有方向性；fetch是“去拿来”，包含一去一来的意思。表示既去取又拿回的两上动作。例如：Please bring your dictionary here next time when you come to school.
请你下次来上学时，把字典带来。
Remember to take your school bag with you when you go to school.
记住去上学时，带着你的书包。
She never carries any money on her.她身上从不带钱。
Please fetch me some chalk from my office.请去办公室给我拿几支粉笔来。
10.Trees were cut but none were planted.(过去)只砍树不植树。
none是代词，作“一个也没有，没有一个”解。可以指人也可指物，作主语代替可数名词时；谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。但如果none代替不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如：
None of them has(have) come back yet.他们当中还没有一个人回来。
None of this money is yours.这笔钱没有一点是你的。
I want to drink some water, but there is none in the house.
我想要喝一点点水，但家里一点儿也没有。
None of the answers is (are) correct.这些答案中没有一个是正确的。
11.The villagers did not allow them to do this.村民们没有允许他们这样做。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。
We do not allow people to smoke in the bus.我们不允许人们在公共汽车里抽烟。
Those books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.
这些书是不允许从阅览室里拿走的。
Please allow me to introduce myself to you .充允许我向你们大家做一自我介绍。
12.They began to understand how important the forest is.他们开始懂得森林是多么地重要。
begin to do 也可用begin doing,都是开始做某事的意思。例如：
They began to work as soon as they got there.他们一到了那里就开始工作了。
They began working as soon as they got there.(同上句意思一样)
但在以下三种情况下，begin 的后面通常只用to do sth ，而不用doing sth.
1 表示思维、意识活动；
2 表示自然现象；
3 begin用进行时态时。例如：
Only them did I begin to realize that I was wrong.只是在那时我才意识到我错了。(此句表思维意识活动)
We were about to leave when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时天开始下起雨来。(自然现象)
When I got to the classroom, professor Wang was beginning to teach the lesson.
当我到了教室的时候，王教授就要开始上课了。
13.Today there is a forest programme in 70villages in this area. Meetings are held in order to explain the programme to the villagers.目前这个地区的70个村庄有一项造林计划，他们开会向村民们宣讲这个计划。
1)programmer也可拼作program，意思是“计划，节目，程序”等。例如：
There is an interesting programme on television tonight.今晚有一个很好看的电视节目。
What is the programme for tomorrow?明天计划做什么?
2)explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事。
Please explain to me the meaning of the poem .请给我解释一下这首诗的意思。
The teacher explained the rule to the students.老师向学生解释了这条规则。
14.It is operated by the women of the area .这个计划是由这地区的妇女来完成。
operate可用作及物动词或不及物动词，作“运转、操作、经营、动手术”解，例如：
This machine doesn't operate well.这台机器运转不好。
Do you know how to operate the machine?你知道怎样操作这台机器吗?
The doctors decided to operate on the child at once.
医生们决定立刻给这个小孩做手术。(operate on sb为某人做手术)
15.Twice a year, large teams of women plant thousands of trees.
每年有两次，大批大批的妇女栽种成千上万株树。
每年一次once a year(不说one time a year)
每年二次twice a year(不说two times a year)
每年三次three times a year(三次以上用times)
还可以用day, week, month等词替换year, 如once a day一天一次，twice a week一周二次，three times a month每月三次。
17.They also make sure the cows do not knock them down or eat the leaves.
他们(妇女们)还要确保牛群不会撞倒小树，或吃掉树叶。
knock down意思是“撞倒，打倒”，例如：
The taxt knocked the little boy down.出租车把小男孩撞倒了。
He was knocked down by a truck.他被一辆大卡车撞倒了。
He knocked his opponent down.他将他的对手击倒。
18.Anybody who breaks the rule is punished.谁破坏了这个规则，谁就受到惩罚。
1)rule n.(what one must, or must not do in a game, at school, at work,etc.)
作“规则，规定，条例”解 例如：
break a rule破坏规则 carry out a rule.执行规则
work out a rule 制定规则 keep the rule 遵守规则
obey the rule 遵守规则
2)punish v.惩罚、处罚 punishment n.
The teacher punished him for his coming late to school.
因他上学迟到，老师处罚了他。
You were lucky to escape punishment.
你避免了受罚，真幸运。
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