动词不定式用法 说课稿(译林牛津版英语高二)

发布时间:2016-7-26编辑:互联网

动词不定式就是我们常说的to do形式,其中的动词是以原形出现的,情态动词加动词原形就是因为情态动词要求接不带to的不定式,也就只剩动词原形了。

分词包括过去分词和现在分词,拿fall为例,fallen为过去分词,falling为现在分词。fallen leaves表示落叶(在地上),falling leaves表示落叶(正在下落)。

动名词的形式与现在分词是一样的,但是意义上稍有区别,例如:

a sleeping bag,这里的sleeping是动名词,表示的是a bag for sleeping.

a sleeping baby,这里的sleeping是现在分词,表示的是a baby who is sleeping动词不定式概述

一 不定式的体

1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.

2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.

不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.

二 不定式的逻辑主语

1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.

2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.

3 不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.

4 在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等.

例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.

三 不定式的否定式

不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成

四 不定式的句法功能

1 不定式做主语

1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another.

2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together.

注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.

2 不定式作表语

3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days.

4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo".

5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle.

注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后.

3 不定式作宾语

6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition.

注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.

7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.

注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后.

big and strong.

4 不定式作宾语补足语

8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.

9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once.

注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow.