Unit1 Topic 2
一、知识目标
【重要短语】
get lost 走失；迷路
hate to go shopping 讨厌去购物
hear from sb.=receive/ get a letter from sb.
收到某人的来信
be abroad 在国外
at least 至少
take place = happen 发生
one-child policy 独生子女政策
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
the population of China 中国的人口
live longer 活得更长
medical care 医疗保健
control the population 控制人口
be known / famous as 以……而闻名
work well in doing sth.做某事方面很有功效
have a long way to go 有很长的路要走
be short of 缺乏……
one of the greatest problems 最大问题之一
be in trouble 陷入麻烦中/ 在困境中
prefer boys to girls 重男轻女
offer sb. a good education
提供某人良好的教育
a couple of 一些 ;几个
even though = even if 即使
have a lot of pressure 有许多压力
the differences between A and B
A与B之间的区别
【重点句型】
1.We got lost and couldn’t find each other. 我们走失了，互相找不到对方。
2.It seems that their living conditions were not very good. 似乎他们的生活条件不是很好。
3.It is possible that Kangkang’s father was the only child in his family.
康康的父亲有可能是他家中的独生子。
4.One answer is known as the one-child policy. 其中一项众所周知的措施是独生子女政策.
5.And even though we have made a lot of progress, we have big pollution problems in the
city. 虽然我们已经取得了很大的进步，但是仍存在严重的城市污染问题。
【重要语法】
现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用
1．already 和 yet
already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句）。
如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。
yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句）。
如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？
I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”
Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？
2．ever 和 never
ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）。
如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。
never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。
如：I have never seen him before.
----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？
----No, never. 不，从来不。
3．just
just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前）。
如： I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。
4．before
before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应）。
如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.
他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。
【词形转换】
possible (反义词)--impossible
rise (过去分词)--rose
conclude (名词)--conclusion
medicine (形容词)--medical
difficult(名词)--difficulty
less (反义词)--more
excellent (近义词)--great/good
different (名词)--difference
come (过去式)-came (过去分词)-come
see (过去式)-saw (过去分词)-seen
peace (形容词)--peaceful
二、要点讲评
1.---- I really hate to go shopping. 我真讨厌去购物。
---- So do I . 我也是。
So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
如：Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。
Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。
Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。
如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
如：Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they. 吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。
Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I . 吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。
Jim didn’t go there, neither did I . 吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。
如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。
如：Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。
Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。
2.At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world.
那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，提问人口用“what”.
如：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。
What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China?
中国的人口有多少？
3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。
take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。
如：The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。
happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。
如：The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。
※两者都不用于被动语态。
如：The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。
4.increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。
increase by… 指“增加了……”; increase to…指 “增加到……”
5. and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.
而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。
one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。
如：one fourth四分之一three fourths 四分之三one second二分之一two thirds三分之二
6.It has worked well in controlling China’s population.
它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。
work well in doing sth. 表“在……方面很有功效”, 如:
如：Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.
做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。
7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.
be short of… 表 “缺乏……”
如:She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总是缺钱。
be short for… 表“是……的缩写”.
如:TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写形式.
8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education?
所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？
offer 表“（主动）给予， 提供”
offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”.
如：I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。
offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事”
如：She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。
I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.
我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。
9. unless = if not 表“除非…; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。
如：I won’t go unless I hear from you. = I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.
如果你不通知我，我就不去。
Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的.
10. a couple of… 表 “几个人或几件事”.
如:a couple of years ago 几年前; a couple of students 几个学生
couple 指任何两件同类的东西
如: a couple of watches 两只手表； five couples of cats 五对猫
11.pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、袜子等)，也可指
两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。
如：a pair of shoes 一双鞋子a pair of pants 一条裤子
三、典型例解
( )1.-They have been to Australia.
-So _____ I.
A. do B. have been C. did D. have
分析：D 此句为so引导的完全倒装句。其含义为“A如此，B也如此。”其结构是so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。本句为完成时态，其助动词是have。故选D。
( )2.The population of Shanghai is larger than _____ of Shenyang.
A. that B .it C. one D. this
分析：A 此句要用相同成分即上海的人口和沈阳的人口做比较。因为population是不可数名词，所以用that代替。如果是复数名词则要用those来代替。
( )3.-_____ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?
-It _____ about 296 million.
A. What is; is B. What was; was
C. How many is; was D. How many was; is
分析：B 问人口的多少用what而不用how many。本题问的是2005年的人口， 故为过去时态。
( )4._____ of the teachers are women in our school.
A. Two third B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three
分析：C分数的表达法是基数词在前表示分子，序数词在后表示分母；当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词要加s。
( )5.He’s read this book before, _____?
A. hasn’t he B. doesn’t he C .isn’t he D. wasn’t he
分析：A 本题考查反义疑问句反问部分的时态与人称的单复数要与陈述部分一致的用法。
( )6.The _____ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.
A. increase B. increased C. increasing D. increases
分析：C 本题考查increase的现在分词作定语的情况，表示“正在增长的”。increased是它的过去分词也可作定语，但表示的是“已增长过的”。
( )7.The little girl has _____ finished reading the book you lent her.
A .already B. yet C. still D. once
分析：A already“已经”，常用覨t now.
分析：C 上句为否定情况，应用neither/nor+助动词+主语，表示“我也未参观过造纸厂”。
四、评价作业
I. 根据句子意思及首字母提示补全单词
1. ---No one likes “Little Emperors.” ---N___________ do my parents.
2. The cars in the cities are i____________ rapidly these days, so traffic jam comes into being.
3. People couldn’t live long because of poor medical t________________.
4. In China, some people in less developed areas p__________ boys to girls.DA被动语态。根据题中changes是复数，答句用完成时态。故选B。
( )9.Students today have a lot of pressure(压力) _____ they have to learn too much knowledge at school.
A. in order to B .unless C. because D .because of
分析：C in order to和because of后面不能接从句，unless不符合题意。故选C，用because。
( )10.-I have never visited a paper factory.
-_____
A. So have I. B. So I have. C. Neither have I. D.I haven’t now.
分析：C 上句为否定情况，应用neither/nor+助动词+主语，表示“我也未参观过造纸厂”。
四、评价作业
I. 根据句子意思及首字母提示补全单词
1. ---No one likes “Little Emperors.” ---N___________ do my parents.
2. The cars in the cities are i____________ rapidly these days, so traffic jam comes into being.
3. People couldn’t live long because of poor medical t________________.
4. In China, some people in less developed areas p__________ boys to girls.
5. His mother told him that the sun r__________ in the east and sets in the west.
II. 翻译词组，补全句子
1.We must ___________ ___________ (采取措施) to control the population.
2. Doing eye exercises ____________ __________ (起明显作用) in protecting our eyesight.
3. In 1960s, we were ________ _________ (缺乏) food and money .
4. He wouldn’t leave the TV set, __________ ___________ (既使) he was going to have an important exam the next day.
5.Her daughter __________ __________ (迷路) in the shopping center yesterday.
III. 完成下列句子的汉译英（每空1分，满分30分）
1.中国人口有多少？ 中国有大约13亿人口。
_______ the _________ _______ China ? China ______ a population of ______1.3 billion.
2. 为什么中国要实施独生子女政策？ 虽然跟以前比，中国人口增长放慢了，但人口问题依然严峻。
---Why does China _________ __________ with its __________ policy ?
---___________ its population is __________ _________ slowly than before, its population problem _________ ___________ quite ___________.
3. 这所学校里老师的数量是300人，其中四分之一是女教师。
_________ ___________ of the teachers in the school __________ 300, _________ ___________ of them ___________ women teachers.
4. 上周石油的价格增长了百分之二。 的确如些。
The price of oil ___________ ___________ 2% last week.
__________ _________ _____________.
5. 你生活在哪种家庭，是大家庭，还是小家庭？
_________ _________ of family are you ________, ________ family or _______ family ?
IV. 选择题
( ) 1. Two thirds of the surface of the earth ____ covered with water.
A. is B. are C. has
( ) 2. The number of workers in this factory _____ increasing.
A. are B. is C. will
( ) 3. ---It seems to me that you are very hard-working, Maria.
---I have to. I have a lot of _____ from my family and society.
A. time B. efforts C. pressure
( ) 4. ---______ have you done with the waste ?
---I have thrown it away.
A. How B. What C. Where
( ) 5. ---Which country has a ____ population, England or Germany ?
A. smaller B. less C. few
( ) 6. About one fifth of the people in the world _____ in China.
A. live B. is living C. has lived
( ) 7. ---Excuse me, is Joan in ?
---Sorry, she isn’t here. She ___ to the airport to see her parents off half an hour ago.
A. went B. has gone C. has been
( ) 8. ---Who will go to the airport to meet Jenny ?
---I will. I _____ her several times. I can find her easily.
A. met B. have met C. will meet
( ) 9. We are tired. We have studies for ____ hours.
A. a couple B. couple C. a couple of
( ) 10. The more excellent our public transportation is, _____ our life will be.
A. the happier B. the more happy C. the more happily
( ) 11. ---What did Jeff say about the lost girl ?
---He said that he had seen her _______.
A. three days ago B. three days before C. for three days
( ) 12. ---Dad, my teacher said I had made a lot of progress recently.
---I’m glad to hear that. But I think you still _______.
A. have a long way to go B. have a rest C. live in the present
( ) 13. ---I went swimming last Sunday.
---_________. I like it very much.
A. So I do B. So I did C. So did I
( ) 14. ---We haven’t been to the Great Wall. ---_________.
A. So has she B. Nor she has C. Neither has she
( ) 15. ---Did you know _______?
---They had a quarrel about the answer to the question.
A. what did they happen B. what happened to them C. what they happened
参考答案
I. 根据句子意思及首字母提示补全单词
1. Neither 2. increasing 3. treatment 4.prefer 5. rises
II. 翻译词组，补全句子
1. take measures 2. works well 3. short of 4. even though 5. got lost
III. 完成下列句子的汉译英
1 What’s the population of, has, about / around
2. carry on, one-child, Though, growing more, still seems , serious
3. The number, is, a quarter, are
4.increased by, So it did
5. What kind/ sort / type, in, extended, nuclear
IV. 选择题
1----5 ABCBA 6----10 AABCA 11----15 BACCB