牛津高中英语模块一（第四讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 （下）
二、教学要求：
1．了解英语语调的作用。
2．学会写感谢和建议信。
3．学习编写、表演对话。
4．语法：定语从句（复习）
【知识重点与学习难点】
重要单词：
upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous.
二、重点词组：
rising/falling tone升调、降调, talk show谈话节目, main point要点, supporting information辅助性信息, a diary entry一篇日记, be proud of为….感到骄傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all毕竟, take one’s advice接受建议, miss doing sth怀念以前做的某事, keep in mind记住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打扫干净, make a difference要紧, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb为某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing坚持要做, allow him his freedom允许给他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡觉, forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb为某事和某人争吵.
【难点讲解】
1. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing.
剧本是要被朗读的，它使用的语言没有其他文体那么正式。
“Be meant to be”+被动语态、名词或形容词，表示“应该用作、本应当作”和 “be supposed to be”相似。例如：
Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked.
Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.
副词aloud表示“出声’, loudly表示 “大声”。注意loud可以当作副词和talk, speak, laugh连用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder?
2. You can’t write exactly the way people speak.
你不能原封不动地按照人们日常说话的习惯来写。
the way people speak在这里是方式状语，people speak是定语从句,修饰先行词the way。这句话较正式的写法可以是：
You can’t write exactly in the way that people speak.
You can’t write exactly the way in which people speak.
3. But I don’t think you are being fair at all.
但我觉得你这样做一点也不公平。
Be+being 构成了be动词的进行时，后面跟形容词或名词，表示主语当前的状况，也可以表示进行时的被动语态。例如：
You are silly.你很蠢。(对人的评价，在这里是一种人身攻击)
You are being silly你现在的行为或想法很蠢。(就事论事)
He is polite.他有礼貌。
He is being polite.他这样做是出于礼貌。
Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China.
4. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger.
据我所知当克里思蒂娜小的时候你和她一起度过很多时光。
I understand是访谈节目和外交场合中一个常用的辞令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更灵活，对所提及信息的来源和可信度都没有明确的说法，可以根据上下文译成“据我所知、我听说、我猜、我个人的理解是…等”, 也可以说My understanding is…….。
Back= in the past, 常出现在口语当中。
5. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems.
许多家庭成员之间因为一些小问题彼此不愉快。
Upset 作vt/ vi 时重音在第二个音节上，过去式和过去分词同形，表示“弄翻、倾覆、扰乱、使不安”。也可作名词，重音在前。本句话里upset是过去分词，become的表语。
表示纷争的起因，用介词over. 例如：
The two countries often fight over border disputes.
They are always quarreling over minor differences.
6. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on.
然而，如果不尽早商讨解决，小问题就会变成大问题。
Deal: n. 数量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可数名词，交易，如： It’s a deal(成交)；v.分配、经营。词组deal with 有 和….做生意、与…有来往、对待、对付、相关、处理等意思。它作“处理”讲时，要和do with区分清楚。deal with作“处理”讲时是指“怎样对付或解决”，提问时用how; do with作“处理”讲时是指“使用、处置”，提问时用what。例如：
How did you deal with pollution in the river?-We tried to treat the city’s sewage before it poured into the river.
What did you do with the sewage?-- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use.
Early on：near the beginning“在早期、刚开始的时候”，多用于口语中。
7. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
近来他一直拒绝做他的家庭作业，固执地把时间浪费在看DVD和听外国音乐上。
Have/has been doing是现在完成进行时，指说话前一段时间一直进行或多次重复的动作。
Insist on+n/doing sth: 坚持、坚决主张(做某事)；或insist＋从句 “that sb (should) do sth”。
要注意persist in＋n/doing sth也是“坚持”，但insist on坚持的是看法或主张,竭力主张去做某事；persist in坚持的是行为和做法，即不放弃正在进行的事情。例如:
He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse.
She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark.
8. What am I to do?
我该怎么办？
相当于What shall I do? Be动词＋不定式表示按计划和情理将要或应该发生的事。例如：
The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday.
You are to follow his instructions to the word.
9. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.
要是我拒不听从，他就对我大喊大叫，我们俩就会象疯了一样争吵。
“the two of us”我们俩，us仅指我们两人； “two of us”我们中的两个, us 所包含的人数大于二。
like crazy象疯了一样，英语口语中的习惯用法，相当于“as if we were crazy”。还可以说：like cats and dogs。
【英语语调】
语调（intonation）是一句话里声调（pitch）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语有五种基本语调：升调（↗）、的降调（↙）、的升降调（∧）、降升调（∨）以及平调（→）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexical meaning）还有语调意义（intonation meaning）。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，请看下例：
1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry？（↗）
Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？”
2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry．（↙）
在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
S首先要知道英语主要有三种语调，分别是升调，降调和降升调。
升调一般表示"不确定" "话还没有说完"或者"礼貌" 。经常用于下面几类句型中：
（1）一般疑问句（Yes-no questions） Is he coming tonight? Have you got the tickets?
（2）反问句（Statements intended as questions） You are definitely coming? You like it?
（3）表示安慰或鼓励（Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging.） Come with us.
（4）重复（Repetition questions） When did you come?
说话时用"降凋"，常常给人一种"完结"的印象。所以能使用降调的句子有以下几类：
（1）陈述句（Ordinary statements） You came on Tuesday. I'd like some tea.
（2）特殊疑问句（Wh- questions） When did you come? What's the time?
（3）带命令口吻的祈使句（Imperative sentences ( strong commands) Put it over there! Go and find it!
（4）感叹句Exclamatory sentences What an awful film that was!
如果要表示出"说话人改变主意，或话外有话之意"，就可以用"降升调"。它主要出现在下面的句式中：
（1）含有对比的陈述句Statements where contrast is implied. You can come on Tuesday but not Monday. He doesn't want it but his brother may.
（2）含保留意见的陈述句Statements which imply reservation. I know his face. I like the colour of your dress.
（3）否认或矛盾Statements which show disagreement or contradiction ──I can't do it. ──-You can. ──She arrived on Monday. ──-On Tuesday.
（4）警告Warning. Be careful. Don't be late.
【语法】定语从句( 复习 )
【同步练习】
单项选择
1.The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A.in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
2. There were dirty marks on her pants ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
3.We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything _____ we could sit on.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
4.Mr. Green still talks like the man ______ he was ten years ago.
A.who B. that C. what D. whom
5. _____ can be called a car always rolls on wheels.
A. Anything B. Whatever C. All that D. Whichever
6. This is a book _______ is red.
A. of which cover B. the cover of that C. which cover D. whose cover
7. They didn’t call the police till 2 hours later, ____allowed the thief enough time to escape.
A. when B. which C. why D. how
8. We visited a temple yesterday, in front of_______ a small river.
A.which flew B. that flows C. which flows D. where flows
9. What ________ you want her to do?
A. is B. is it C. that D. is it that
10.It was two years ago ______ China was hit by SARS.
A. that B. when C. in which D. then
11. It was wise of you to ______ his advice.
A. have B. receive C. approve D. take
12. We take great ______ in the achievement of our nation.
A. prize B. proud C. pride D. value
13. Your support will make a ______ !
A. change B. mark C. choice D. difference.
14. Attributive Clause has already been ______ with in the previous unit.
A. dealt B. deal C. did D. done
15. You can go out to play,_______ that you finish your work first.
A. now B. in C. in order D. provided
用下列单词的适当形式填空：
insist, , suggest, , forbid, frustrated, express, exact, emotional, merely, regular, solve
1.Learning to drive can be a very _________experience for the residents of crowded cities.
2.Growing up means one has to become both financially and _________ independent.
3.Some common feelings of teenagers are very well_________ in this pop song.
4.Thank you very much for the good __________ on the running of this club.
5.This is _________ what I’m looking for.
6.Smoking is ____________ in this building.
7.We offer technical __________ in the field of e-commerce.
8.We will stay with the programme for one more week if you_______.
9.It’s a _________ five minutes’ walk from my home to the school.
10. The patient has to rely on medicine to _______ his heart beat.
完形填空
Yard sales do not have to be huge. One family, or even one person, can hold a yard sale. People simply collect some things they no 1 want and put them in the yard outside their home. They might also place handmade signs on nearby streets to direct people to the sale. And, as simple as that, they have a yard sale -- or a garage sale or a moving sale.
2 people call it, the activity is the same. Such sales are 3 on the idea that an object that is useless, broken or ugly to one person can be a bargain to 4 .
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. They might look for things 5 stamps, dolls, old money, bottles, baseball cards, toys or advertising signs. Yard sales can also provide people 6 a new computer or sound system ... new to them, at least.
Or there might be some exercise 7 that looks new because no one ever really used it. People never know what they might find. They might even find a snake skin -- the perfect gift for a science teacher.
People who go to yard sales often are not looking for anything 8 . They are 9 looking for something that appeals to them. Or they might enjoy negotiating(商谈) 10 prices. Later, if necessary, they can hold their own yard sale to sell all the things they have bought.
1. A. more B. wonder C. less D. longer
2. A. However B. Whatever C. Whoever D. Whenever
3. A. based B. working C. discussed D. held
4. A. other B. the other C. another D. others
5. A. as B. like C.for example D. with
6. A. with B. for C. by D. from
7. A. machines B. facilities C. equipment D. equipments
8. A. cheap B. valuable C. strange D. special
9. A. simply B. especially C. hardly D. nearly
10.A. for B. over C. with D. low
【参考答案】
一、DADBC, DBCDA, DCDAD
二、1. frustrating 2. emotionally 3. expressed 4. suggestions 5. exactly
6. forbidden 7. solution 8. insist 9. mere 10. regulate
三、DBACB, ACDAB