核心词汇
1．We must take measures to ____________(加快)the rate of economic growth.
2．The new method caught on and many peasants became very____________(熟练的)at it.
3．At that time I felt____________(晕眩的)．I was almost losing my balance and was about to fall.
4．They’ve ____________(逮捕)almost everybody who is involved in the robbery.
5．If payment is not received within five days，legal action will be our only____________(可能的选择)．
6．The results of the study have a wider____________(重要意义)for all the professions.
7．Sorry to____________(打断)，but I need to ask you some questions.
8．We must make a careful____________(分析)on the problem and then make a decision.
9．His family’s wealth is____________into four parts，but they don’t think the____________is fair.(divide)
10．She used to suffer from____________but now she is ____________herself to try to lose weight.(starve)
1.accelerate 2.skillful 3.dizzy 4.arrested 5.alternative 6.significance 7.interrupt 8.analysis 9.divided；division 10.starvation；starving
高频短语
1．________________ 不管；不顾
2．________________ 至多；最多
3．________________ 切碎
4．________________ 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5．________________ 向前看；为将来打算
6．________________ 追溯到……
7．________________ 集中
8．________________ 寻找
9．________________ 轮流做某事
10．________________ 禁不住做某事
1．regardless of 2.at most 3.cut up 4.fed up with 5.look ahead 6.date back 7.concentrate on 8.search for 9.take turns to do sth. 10.can’t/couldn’t help doing
重点句式
1．Yes，indeed，____________________________，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
2．__________________ she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
3．Abruptly she sat down，________________ by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.
突然间她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹Luna一把搂了起来。
4．Our evidence ____________ they did wear clothes made from animal skins.
我们的证据表明他们确实穿了用动物皮做成的衣服。
1.as the botanical analyses have shown us 2.If only 3.only to be scooped up 4.suggests that
知识详解
1 .alternative adj. 供选择的；其他的
n． 可能的选择；选择对象
(回归课本P37)Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?
你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P56)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives.
你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
②(牛津P56)We had no alternative but to fire him.
我们别无他法，只有辞退他。
③The way was blocked，so we went by an alternative road.
那条路被堵住了，所以我们走了另一条路。
[即境活用]
1．(2009年高考湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring new ways of making use of________energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．alternative
C．instant D．unique
解析：选B。句意：由于煤和燃油越来越少，科学家们正在探索新的方法使用替代能源，像阳光，风和水等。primary“首要的，初期的”；instant“立即的，迅速的”；unique“独特的”；alternative“可选择的，可替代的”。
2 .assume v． 假定；设想；假装；承担
(回归课本P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.
认为经济继续好转是有道理的。
②(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
③(牛津P104)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
④Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?
假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
⑤A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
[即境活用]
2．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon－________that the others agree.
A．to assume B．assumed
C．assume D．assuming
解析：选D。assuming that...“假定……”。类似表达有：providing/supposing (that)．..。
3 .interrupt vt.& vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或
中止
(回归课本P38)I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1069)Sorry to interrupt，but there is someone to see you.
对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。
②(牛津P1069)They were interrupted by a knock at the door.
他们被敲门声打断了。
③It’s bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.
打断别人谈话是没礼貌的。
④Let’s go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.
我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。
[易混辨析]
[即境活用]
3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(打断别人是没有礼貌的)while they are having a conversation.
答案：It is bad manners to interrupt others
4 .significance n． 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
(回归课本P40)His university was aware of the significance of his work.
他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1866)The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大意义。
②(牛津P1866)She couldn’t grasp the full significance of what he had said.
她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。
③It is a matter of great significance.
这是一个非常重要的问题。
④Their change of plan is strange but I don’t think it’s significant.
他们改变了计划十分奇怪，但我觉得没什么意义。
[即境活用]
4．Only later________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(我们意识到真正意义)of his remark.
答案：did we realize the true significance
5 .arrest n． 逮捕；拘留
vt. 逮捕；吸引
(回归课本P43)She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P92)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.
一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。
②(牛津P92)You could get arrested for doing that.
你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。
③Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.
由于暴乱十五人被捕。
④The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it.
美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。
[即境活用]
5．It is reported that the agent was________for carrying a false passport.
A．arrested B．accused
C．charged D．suspected
解析：选A。句意：据报道那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。be arrested for因……被逮捕；be accused of因……被指控；be charged with被控告……；be suspected of被怀疑……。
6 .regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
(回归课本P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
[易混辨析]
regardless of，despite，in spite of
(1)regardless of...强调不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑，而despite和in spite of有“尽管……但是”之意。
(2)regardless of 后可接whether，what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1671)The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
②He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。
③(2009年高考上海卷)Despite the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.
尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。
④All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value.
我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝不管它们的价值如何。
[即境活用]
6．(2009年高考江苏卷)This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background.
A．according to B．regardless of
C．in addition to D．in terms of
解析：选B。句意：这所特殊学校接受所有有残疾的孩子，不管其教育水平和背景如何。regardless“不管，无论”，符合题意。according to“根据”；in addition to“除……之外”；in terms of“从……方面来说”。
7 .date back to 追溯到……
(回归课本P44)All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.
所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3000到5000年前。
[归纳拓展]
date back to＝date from
因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时。
[例句探源]
①This custom dates back to the 16th century.
这风俗起源于16世纪。
②My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays.
我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。
③This is an old building dating back to/dating from the 16th century.
这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。
[即境活用]
7．Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，which ________ as early as 800 years ago.
A．dates back to B．is dated back
C．dates back from D．was dated from
解析：选A。短语date back to 相当于date from，意为“追溯到，始于”。两者通常与过去的时间状语连用，但多用于一般现在时，且一般不用于被动语态。句意：每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。
句型梳理
【教材原句】 If_only it could be just like last year！(P43)
要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！
【句法分析】 “if only＋句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望“要是……就好了/但愿……！”
(1)if only...could/would＋do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。
(2)if only...did...表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。
(3)if only...had done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。
①If only Marx were here by my side!
要是马克思能在我身边就好了！
②If only you had worked with greater care!
你工作要是再仔细一些该多好啊！
③If only the whole family could be united during the Spring Festival！
今年春节全家能团圆就好了！
[易混辨析]
if only，only if
(1)if only用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……，要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(与现在事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时)。
(2)only if由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”。
①If only we could afford to buy a place of our own.
②If only you knew how hard I’ve tried to please you.
③Only if you promise not to invite Mary will I come.
④Only if you do as I told you can you succeed.
[即境活用]
8．Look at the trouble I am in！If only I________your advice.
A．followed B．would follow
C．had followed D．should follow
解析：选C。if only表示“如果……就好了”，表示与事实相反，条件意味强烈，其谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此句表示过去的动作，须选用过去完成时。
9．-Any information about your son?
-No.If only I________those tough words to him.
A．didn’t say
B．hadn’t said
C．shouldn’t have said
D．couldn’t have said
解析：选B。考查虚拟语气。if only“要是……就好了”。答句句意：要是我没对他说那些太严厉的话就好了。和过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。
作文指导
开放式作文
【体裁导航】
开放式作文一般不提供具体的情景，也没有固定的模式限制，但其体裁和字数仍然要受制于所提供的内容。
做此类题型的作文时，审题非常关键。还要根据所判定的体裁，打开思路，发挥想象，不要过多地顾忌是否犯了语法错误，或者表述是否清楚，而要尽快找出能合理表述文章内容的词句，一气呵成，完成作文。
一般说来，开放类作文，要求的字数比较少，所以我们在文章的结构上必须注意“集中火力”，突出重点，直奔主题，而不要随便发挥。
这样，完成了表述以后，就进入了修改阶段。看语法结构，看语言表达，看单词拼写，看标点符号，甚至看字母的大小写。总之，好文章都是经过反复修改而成的。
【写作示例】
在竞争激烈的当今社会，人们十分强调个人能力，但是我们也不能忽视相互合作(cooperation)的重要性。请举例说明相互合作的重要性。
要求：词数120左右。
【写作要领】
本题为开放式作文，要求举例说明相互合作的重要性。首先应该阐明自己赞成合作的观点，然后，举例说明。举例后的重点应该在于说明合作的重要性上。最后一段要进行总结，以达到前后的呼应。
【金点模板】
①People’s view on________.②In my opinion，________.
③Just take________.④The success________.⑤So cooperation________.
⑥I doubt whether________.⑦No matter________.⑧At the same time，________.⑨So cooperation________.
⑩All in all，________.
【范文点评】
My View on Cooperation
①People’s view on cooperation varies from individual to individual.In my opinion，cooperation to society is what air is to man.
②Just take the 2008 Nobel Chemistry Prize as an example.The success relies on the efforts of all the three scientists.③So cooperation plays a very important role in the fields of scientific research.
④I doubt whether personal efforts are enough to deal with the ever increasing challenges. ⑤No matter how great a person is, he or she cannot accomplish everything within his or her own strength. At the same time, everyone has their shortcomings. So cooperation is needed as far as the fact is concerned.
⑥All in all, as the saying goes “All roads lead to Rome” I think all rightful attempts to succeed lead to the improvement of men’s living and working standard.
【点评】
①开门见山，点明主题，提出个人观点。
②举例说明合作的重要性，富有说服力。
③据上例得出结论。
④进一步说明合作的重要性，阐明个人的能力再强大也需要合作。
⑤no matter引导的让步状语从句增强了感染力。
⑥最后给与总结，呼应开头，前后得到了很好的照应。
【类题尝试】
(2011年陕西宝鸡教学质检)诚信是处世之本。但是在中学生当中，考试作弊、抄袭作业、欺骗家长和老师等现象屡见不鲜。请你对以上种种现象作简要描述，并以“How to guarantee honesty”为题，从三个方面谈谈如何保证学生做到诚信。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
How to guarantee honesty
As we all know，honesty is always an essential principle of living.Much to our regret，however，________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Honesty is the best policy，which is what we should keep in mind all the time.
One possible version：
How to guarantee honesty
As we all know，
honesty is always an essential principle of living.Much to our regret，however，it is nothing new that some middle school students cheat in exams，copy others’ homework and fool their teachers and parents.Therefore，how to guarantee honesty should come to our attention.
Personally，I think honesty education is necessary.For instance，courses on honesty can be offered to students；activities like storytelling and lectures are also worth trying.With the concept of “being honest” rooted in their minds，honesty can be reflected in their daily life and study.
Besides，related rules and regulations should be laid down.Detailed criteria should be applied to evaluate students in aspects such as homework，tests，relationship with teachers and parents.
Then，strict measures should be carried out to punish those who cheat，and consequently，they must assume responsibility for their bad behavior，thus considerably reducing chances of cheating next time.
Honesty is the best policy，which is what we should keep in mind all the time.
（小周）