核心词汇
1．She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked ____________(无意识的)
2．My time is ____________(珍贵的)；I can only give you a few minutes.
3．When he came out of the water，he was____________(颤抖)with cold.
4. She got into a ____________(惊慌)when she found she had lost her necklace.
5．Interest is the best teacher，and a lack of interest is a ____________(保证)of failure.
6．A number of ____________(可能的) buyers have expressed interest in the company and placed orders for some of its products.
7．The Big Island is home to one of the most active volcanoes in the world.It has ____________(爆发)a total of 40 times since 1924.
8．Tom made a big___________in his business，but___________，he went bankrupt because of his careless investment.(unfortunate)
9．He was____________ to leave and he could not hide his ____________.(anxious)
10．People from____________ cultures hold different understanding on the play and this ____________of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diversity)
1.unconscious 2.precious 3.trembling 4.panic 5.guarantee 6.potential 7.erupted 8.fortune；unfortunately 9.anxious；anxiety 10.diverse；diversity
高频短语
1．________________ 前往
2．________________ 匆匆看一遍
3．________________ 由……到……不等
4．________________ 生产；产生
5．________________ 与……相比
6．________________ 保护……免受……伤害
7．________________ 被委派为……
8．________________ 全部焚毁
9．________________ 即将做某事；马上就要做某事
10．________________ 查阅，参考，指的是
1. make one’s way 2.glance through 3.vary from...to... 4.give birth to 5.be compared with... 6.protect...from...7.be appointed as 8.burn to the ground 9.be about to do sth. 10.refer to
重点句式
1．________________this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
2．I_______________ go back to sleep ________ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but ____________________，I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
4．________________________ the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
1.It is said that 2.was about to；when 3.this being my first experience 4.Having collected and evaluated
知识详解
1appoint vt. 任命，委派；约定，指定，安排
(回归课本P34)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.
二十年前我被任命为火山学家，在夏威夷火山观测站工作。
14
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P82)They have appointed a new headmaster at my son’s school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
②(牛津P82)They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
③The time appointed for the meeting was 10∶30.
规定开会的时间是10点30分。
④(牛津P82)She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
[即境活用]
1．我们在考虑指定他当秘书。
We are considering ________ ________ ________ act as secretary.
答案：appointing him to
2 suit v． 适合某人；对(某人)方便
(回归课本P34) We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.
我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2022)If we met at 2，would that suit you?
我们两点钟见面，你方便吗？
②(牛津P2022)If you want to go by bus，that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车，那对我也合适。
③A good teacher suits his lesson to the age of his pupils.
一位优秀的老师应使他讲的课适合学生的年龄。
[易混辨析]
fit，suit，match
(1)fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适。
(2)suit指衣服等颜色、款式、花样适合。
(3)match意为“使相称，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面的搭配。
①I tried the dress on but it didn’t fit.It was too small.
②In my opinion，red suits you very well.
③Her clothes don’t match her age.
[即境活用]
2．Her shoes________her dress；they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．Compare D．match
解析：选D。句意：她的鞋和衣服很搭配，二者搭配看起来很不错。本题考查近义词辨析。suit是指颜色、花样或款式等相配；fit是大小、尺寸等合适；compare比较；match指两个东西相称、匹配。
3．-How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
-That________me fine.
A．fits B．meets
C．satisfies D．suits
解析：选D。本题考查动词词义辨析。fit多指“(大小、尺寸等)适合，吻合”；suit多指“合乎需要、口味、条件等”；meet，satisfy常表示“满足(需要)，符合(要求)”。
3panic vi.& vt. (使人或动物)受惊；惊慌(panicked/panicking)
n． 惊慌；恐慌
(回归课本P38)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1478)Lisa panicked when she heard she might be fired.
莉萨听说自己可能会被解雇后惊慌失措。
②(牛津P1440)There is no point getting into a panic about the exams.
对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。
③(朗文P1478)Small business owners are in a panic over whether they will survive.
小企业主们不知道自己能否生存下去，因此惶恐不安。
④The audience were thrown into a panic when the fire started.
一发生火灾，观众顿时陷入一片慌乱之中。
[即境活用]
4．完成句子
(1)看到厨房冒烟，我顿时惊慌失措。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.
答案：got into a panic
(2)处于惊恐状态的人往往会做出蠢事来。
Often people ________ ________ ________ do foolish things.
答案：in a panic
4guarantee
vt. 保证……免受损失或伤害；确保
n． 保证；保证书
(回归课本P39)If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
如果你有幸和你的爱人一起游览天池，不要忘了向清澈、湛蓝的湖中投入一枚硬币来保证你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P919)Even if you complete your training.I can’t guarantee you a job.
即使你接受完培训，我也不能担保你会有工作。
②(朗文P919)The plan would guarantee health care to all Americans.
这项计划将保证所有美国人都能享受医疗保健服务。
③(朗文P919)Going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer you up.
和朋友一起出去玩肯定会让你高兴起来。
④(朗文P919)Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?
你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
(1)未来的科技将保证所有人都能拥有健康和幸福！
Technology will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________for all!
答案：guarantee good health and happiness
(2)我们会尽力，但我不能保证我们会赢。
We will do our best，but I can’t ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：guarantee that we will win
5anxious adj. 忧虑的，不安的
(回归课本P38)I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first.
我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P75)Most children feel anxious about returning to school.
大部分孩子对于重返校园感到焦虑。
②(牛津P75)She was anxious to finish school and get a job.
她渴望毕业找份工作。
③(浙江高考)My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
如果我们不能在我们所说的时间到达，母亲总是有点焦虑。
④I felt anxiety for/about his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.
当我听到火车事故的消息时，我很担心他的安全。
⑤(牛津P75)If you are worried about your health，share your anxieties with your doctor.
你要是担心自己的健康，就把自己的忧虑告诉医生吧。
[即境活用]
6．We had an anxious couple of weeks ________for the results of the experiment.
A．wait B．to be waiting
C．Waited D．waiting
解析：选D。由于是主语在等待，表主动关系，且在题干中充当方式状语。动词不定式不作方式状语，所以用现在分词表主动和伴随。had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for ...在焦急中等待……的几周。
6make one’s way 前往；获得成功
(回归课本P35)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.
穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2274)Will you be able to make your way to the airport?
你能自己去机场吗？
②The man hesitated，but made his way to the woods.
那个人犹豫了一下，但还是朝树林走去。
③Without experience on it，we have to feel our way.
由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。
④As we got into a forest，we lost our way.
进入森林后我们迷路了。
⑤We fought our way through the forest.
我们穿过森林前进。
[即境活用]
7．-Mom，where did Cathy go?
-She ________her way towards the centre of the town.
A．got B．did
C．decided D．made
解析：选D。句意：--妈妈，Cathy去哪里了？--她去市中心了。make one’s way意为“前往”，符合句意。
8．A great man shows his greatness________the way he treats little men.
A．under B．with
C．on D．by
解析：选D。本题考查介词的用法。“借助某种方法和手段”常用by；而with强调使用具体工具。with this method搭配相当于by the way。
9．-I think he is taking an active part in social work.
-I agree with you________.
A．in a way B．on the way
C．by the way D．in the way
解析：选A。in a way＝in one way“在某种程度上”。on the way在途中；by the way顺便说；in the way挡道；碍事。句意：我在某种程度上同意你所说的话。
7vary from...to... 由……到……不等
(回归课本P39)The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P2273)The price of seafood varies according to the season.
海产品的价格随季节而变化。
②Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人人意见不一。
③As in China，the climate in Canada varies，depending on the area.正如中国一样，加拿大的气候也因地而异。
④For various/a variety of reasons，he didn’t attend the meeting.
因种种原因，他没参加会议。
[即境活用]
10．It is obvious that the hopes，goals，fears and desires________ widely between men and women，between the rich and the poor.
A．alter B．shift
C．Transfer D．vary
解析：选D。句意：很明显男人和女人，富人和穷人在希望、目标、恐惧和欲望方面有很大的不同。vary between...and...由……到……的情况不等。alter更改；transfer转换；shift转移，替换。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.(P39)
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
【句法分析】 (1)It is said that...表示“据说……”的意思，实际上it为形式主语，that 引导的为主语从句。相当于people say that...的意思。该结构还可以改变成sb.is said to do...结构。
(2)注意根据动词不定式和is said动作之间的时间关系，使用不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式。
①John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
＝It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
据说约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。
②He is said to have written a new book about workers.
＝It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
据说他写了一本有关工人的新书。
[归纳拓展]
③It was reported that more than 180 people had been killed in the fire.据报道，那场大火烧死了180多人。
④It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
[即境活用]
11．Leonardo da Vinci(1452～1519)________birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A．is said to be buying
B．is said to have bought
C．had said to buy
D．has said to have bought
解析：选B。本题考查动词不定式及时态的应用。因为say与主语(人)是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态；再由括号中的时间标志可知应用现在完成时。故选B。
2【教材原句】 Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(P34)
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家来预测熔岩接着将往何处流去，流速是多少。
【句法分析】 having collected and evaluated the information是现在分词的完成式在句中作状语，表明从句动作发生在主句动作之前。
①Having answered the teacher’s questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed.
回答老师的问题后，她坐下来，感到轻松多了。
②Having been separated from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于与其他的大洲分离了几百万年了，澳大利亚有许多在世界上其他地方都找不到的动植物。
【温馨提示】 过去分词作状语同现在分词作状语时一样，其逻辑上的主语就是主句的主语，但所不同的是，过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，但有时无被动意味，只是表示一种状态或动作的完成，而现在分词与主语之间存在着主动关系。
③Given better attention，the flowers could have grown better.
要是照看得好一点，这些花会长得更好。
④Dressed in white，she looks really pretty.
穿着白衣服，她看起来真美。
⑤Seeing the photo，he couldn’t help thinking of his good old days.看到那张照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。
[即境活用]
12．________in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A．Waiting B．To wait
C．Having waited D．To have waited
解析：选C。本题考查非谓语动词。根据the old man与wait之间的关系，应该选择v.Ming形式，再根据句意得知他是先“wait”后才“realize”。所以先发生的动作应该用完成式Having waited。
13．________there for some time，Mr.Johnson knew the place quite well.
A．Having lived B．Living
C．To live D．Lived
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。Mr.Johnson与live之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，“先在那儿住一段时间”才能“很熟悉那个地方”，所以应用v.Ming形式的完成式作状语。
3【教材原句】 The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.(P35)
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
【句法分析】 this being my first experience 是独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的构成方法：
n．/pron.＋v.ing/ed/to do/n./adj./adv./prep.phrase。
其中名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分表示状态、状况或动作。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语义上相当于一个句子。在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
①The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
②Weather permitting，we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨旅游。
③He left the office，tears in eyes.
他眼里含着泪水离开了办公室。
④He walked into the classroom，his head lowered.
低着头，他走进教室。
⑤There being no one else to turn to，I had to come to see you.我没有其他可以求助的人，只能来找你。
14．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons ________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．were finished
解析：选B。本题考查名词的独立主格结构。名词短语their lessons和动词finish之间是被动完成关系，故用过去分词finished。
[即境活用]
15．The car burns more fuel，but ________all things into consideration，it’s still a good car.
A．taken B．having taken
C．taking D．to take
解析：选C。独立成分作状语。注意有些分词短语的形式是固定的，不受上下文影响，因此被称为独立成分。句意：这辆汽车耗油量较大，但是综合整体情况来看，它仍不失为一部好车。
作文指导
说明文
【体裁导航】
说明文，顾名思义，就是要说清、道明。可见，清晰的描述、不紊的条理、分明的层次和准确的用词，都是说明文最明显的特征。
无论是文字叙述还是图表标识，只要无时间限制，说明文中一般都要用现在时态。
图表说明文是近年来高考英语写作的重点、热点，也是国家英语课程标准所要求掌握的。做这一写作题型时，同学们最好能在分清图与图之间逻辑关系的基础上，列出要点，逐条予以说明。这样，既能避免主次不分，又能有效防止要点的遗漏。
巧用过渡性词语，能使文章结构紧凑，条理清晰。
中学阶段常用的过渡词语主要有以下几类：
1．表示时间顺序：first, then, afterwards, to begin with, meanwhile, later, soon, finally ...
2．表示空间顺序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side ...
3．表示并列关系：and, as well as, also, too ...
4．表示因果关系：because, for, since, as a result (of), therefore, thus, thanks to ...
5．表示递进关系：besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, also, one more thing ...
6．表示比照关系：like, unlike, such as，but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary ...
7．表示条件关系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that ...
8．表示概括关系：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up ...
【写作示例】
由于现代科学技术的发展，人们现在的日常生活已与几十年前的大不一样。那么，随着社会和科学技术的进一步发展，未来人们的生活又会是什么样的呢？请你以“未来生活”为主题，从人类的工作、身体的变化、生活的环境、交通设施、沟通方式、住房等方面，展开想象，描述一下未来美好的生活。
要求：1.想象合理，表达清晰，有条理。
2．描述你想象中的未来生活。
3．词数：120～150。
【写作要领】
本文的体裁是说明文，主题是未来的生活，时态应为一般将来时。
要求学生预测并适当描述几十年以后生活可能发生的变化，表达自己对未来美好的愿望。文章可以分为三部分：一、开头，二、主体，三、结尾。第一部分(第1段)开门见山，直接点题，指出未来的生活肯定会发生巨大的变化。第二部分(第2和3段)发挥想象，具体阐述。可从人们日常生活的各个方面(工作、交通、教育学习、休闲娱乐、环境等)入手。第三部分(第4段)提出建议，表达自己美好的愿望。
【金点模板】
一、开头(表达个人观点)
I suppose that ...
Personally, I think that ...
With science and technology developing, it is certain that ...
二、主体
1．句型
In the future we will...
More people will be able to ...
At that time, people will be using ...
There will be no need to ...
2．过渡词
besides/in addition/what’s more/furthermore而且
for example/for instance/such as举例
instead of代替，而不是
not only ...but also ...不但……而且……
in other words换句话说
that is to say也就是说
三、结尾
1．句型
Compared to the life today, the future life will be ...
No matter what happens in the future, we will ...
2．过渡词
altogether总之；above all 最重要的是；however然而
【范文点评】
The Future Life
①With science and technology developing fast, it is certain that the future life will be more convenient and fastpaced.In the future we will have more free time and we may change jobs several times in our career.
②More people will be able to work at home, doing less manual work but more learning and thinking, which will make our brains bigger and bodies smaller.③Besides, transportation will become cleaner, faster, cheaper and not so crowded.④There will be no need to worry about the environment being polluted while traveling, for new fuels and engines will be used.
At that time，⑤people will be using the Internet to shop and do business while stores will be more like entertainment parks.⑥People will live in green houses and keep in touch with each other by using advanced videophones which can also be used for shopping and banking.
⑦Altogether, compared to the life we live today，the future life will be totally different. ⑧However, no matter what happens in the future, as long as we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different，we will be well prepared for whatever the future may have in store and enjoy a happier and healthier life.
点评：
①由复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”引出话题，自然流畅。
②此句准确得体地运用了非谓语动词作状语和非限制性定语从句。
③使用过渡词besides，把话题自然引到“交通方式的变化”上。
④准确使用There is no need to do...句型，且多处使用非谓语动词，如：to worry，being polluted，traveling。
⑤使用while来衔接两个不同的未来变化；前一个分句用将来进行时使举例时语言更生动形象。
⑥by引导的方式状语中包含有一个定语从句。
⑦用altogether引出对上面两段的猜想的总结。
⑧由转折词however衔接两个句子，使句意互相照应，文章连贯流畅。
【类题尝试】
自1978年以来，我国海外留学生回国人数逐年上升。请在Shanghai Daily上发表一篇文章，根据图表叙述海外人员归国情况，分析回归原因，并希望更多的海外学者回国创业。
要求：1.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数150左右，短文开头已写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：制定政策-work out policies，海归人员-returnee
There has been a reversal of the braindrain since 1978 across the country.___________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
One possible version：
There has been a reversal of the braindrain since 1978 across the country.Between 1978 and 2007, about 7,000 overseas Chinese returned to Shanghai after completing their studies abroad.They accounted for about 25% of all returnees nationwide.The year 2008 has witnessed a boom.The number of returnees came up to 15,000.By the end of 2009, a further 22,000 have returned to this city.
The reversal of the braindrain mainly arises from three facts.Firstly, our government values overseas Chinese scholars highly, encourages them to return home to start their own careers and has worked out a series of preferential policies.In Shanghai, the famous international city, they can enjoy a modern lifestyle.Secondly, China’s economy has been developing at a high speed, which provides them with a vast space of development.
Many returnees have achieved outstanding success in scientific research or in highlevel management.They are playing a more and more important role.Thirdly, the current global financial crisis leaves many overseas out of work or at the edge of being laid off.They feel more secure at home because the economy is more stable.
I hope that more overseas Chinese can head home.There is a bright future ahead of them.
（小周）