核心词汇
1．____________(消费者)are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.
2．We____________(提倡)using cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones.
3．There is a growing____________(趋势)for people to work at home instead of in an office.
4. Child as he is，he has many interests，____________(变化)from chess to swimming.
5．She was trembling with excitement，but to my surprise her voice was____________(稳定)．
6．Jane’s work is above ____________(平均)while Hob’s is very much below it.
7．Under normal____________(情况)，these two gases react readily to produce carbon dioxide and water.
8．All the crops and fields here are under water during the____________(洪水)．
9．The violent____________(现象)of nature are still hard for us to deal with.
10．I ____________(瞥了一下)at the clock and discovered that there were only 30 seconds left to play.
11．We____________with each other on the matter，but it is urgent to reduce the ____________，for we don’t have much time left.(agree)
12．用educate的适当形式填空
(1)He was____________at a very good school in his teens.
(2)No country can afford to neglect the____________of its young people.
(3)They engaged a young ____________to teach them Spanish.
1.Consumers 2.advocate 3.tendency 4.ranging 5.steady 6.average 7.circumstances 8.floods 9.phenomena 10.glanced 11.disagree；disagreement,12.(1)educated (2)education (3)educator
高频短语
1．________________ 发生；造成
2．________________ 同意；赞成；订购
3．________________ 大量的
4．________________ 上升；增长；升起
5．________________ 导致
6．________________ 反对……
7．________________ 即使
8．________________ 继续
9．________________ 大体上；基本上
10．________________ 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11．________________ 忍受；容忍
12．________________ 只要
13．________________ 等等
1.come about 2.subscribe to 3.quantities of 4.go up 5.result in 6.be opposed to 7.even if 8.keep on 9.on the whole 10.on behalf of 11.put up with 12.so long as 13.and so on
重点句式
1．____________________the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和。全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
2．__________we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on ________________you are using it-__________，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
4．______________________to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.
用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
1.There is no doubt that
2.Even if
3.so long as；if not
4.It takes a lot of energy
知识详解
1quantity n． 量；数量；数目，数额
(回归课本P26) The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始产生了。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1667)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.
大批量购买这些卡片要便宜些。
②(牛津P1620)The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity.
这份资料在质量上和数量上都很有限。
③Large quantities of information have been collected.
已经收集了大量信息。
④A large quantity of good earth is being washed away in this area every year.
每年这个地区大量沃土被冲走。
⑤Large quantities of water are badly needed here.
这里急需大量水。
【温馨提示】 a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词为可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。
[即境活用]
1．(2009年高考福建卷)-Why does the lake smell terrible?
-Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted
D．have been polluted
解析：选D。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。句意：--这湖水怎么这么难闻？--因为大量的水已经被污染了。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B项表示“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。
2oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(回归课本P27)On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①To be honest，I oppose your going there alone.
说实话，我反对你独自一人去那儿。
②Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost.
由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。
③(朗文P1437)Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.
大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。
[即境活用]
2．我们坚决反对帮助酗酒成瘾的那位年轻人。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ helping the young man addicted to alcohol.
答案：are firmly opposed to
3average adj. 平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的
n． 平均数；平均水平；一般水准
v． 平均为；计算出……的平均数
(回归课本P29)The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.
温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P118)I was just an average sort of student.
我只是一个普通的学生。
②(2009年高考全国卷)On average，people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.
通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。
③Tom’s work at school is above (the) average，while Harry’s is below (the) average.
汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。
④Our weekly profits average out at about $750.
我们每周的平均利润约为750美元。
[即境活用]
3．Don’t expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of_______intelligence.
A．average B．slight
C．strange D．different
解析：选A。根据前句“不要对他期望太大”，可以推断，这个孩子智力水平一般。
4glance vi. 看一下，扫视
n． 一瞥
(回归课本P27)Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.
快速浏览一下这篇杂志文章，然后回答问题。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(全国高考)But，as he glanced down the page，a notice caught his eye.
但他往下浏览时，有则布告吸引了他的眼球。
②(牛津P863)I only had time to glance at the newspapers.
我只来得及浏览一下报纸。
③(牛津P863)At first glance，the problem seemed easy.
乍一看问题似乎很简单。
④I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.
我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。
[即境活用]
4．匆匆看了病人一眼之后，医生打电话叫了救护车。
________ ________ ________ ________ at the patient the doctor rang for an ambulance.
答案：After a quick glance
5circumstance n． 环境；情况，通常用作复数形式
(回归课本P30)Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P344)Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
②(牛津P344)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。
③Circumstances permitting，I’ll go abroad to study.
情况允许的话，我要出国学习。
[即境活用]
5．(2011年江苏盐城中学检测)Under no circumstances，I was warned，________to give the password to someone else.
A．could I B．I could
C．I was D．was I
解析：选D。考查倒装语序。带有否定词的短语Under no circumstances 位于句首时，句子应该采用部分倒装的形式；因为本句的谓语动词是不定式，因此选D。
6come about 发生；造成
(回归课本P26)So how has this come about and does it matter？那么，这种温度的升高是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响呢？
[例句探源]
①(牛津P386)Can you tell me how the accident come about?
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
②I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。
[易混辨析]
come about，happen，take place，break out
(1)come about“发生，产生”，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。通常与how连用。
(2)happen“发生”，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情的发生。
(3)take place“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。
(4)break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。
[即境活用]
6．用come about；happen；take place；break out填空：
(1)A fire ____________during the night.
答案：broke out
(2)Luckily the earthquake didn’t ____________in the center of the city.
答案：happen
(3)How did it ____________ that the dairy products were harmful to children?
答案：come children
(4)Great changes ____________ in our school in the past few years.
答案：have taken place
7result in 导致
(回归课本P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.
他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。
②However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.
但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。
③(牛津P1702)He made one big mistake，and as a result，lost his job.
他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
④About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.20世纪90年代约有2100万人死于吸烟。
⑤He has tried very hard to find a job，until now without result.他努力找工作，但直到现在仍毫无结果。
[即境活用]
7．毫无疑问，你的成功是你辛勤劳动的结果。
There is no doubt that your success has ________ _________ your hard work.
答案：resulted from
8．Her efforts resulted________her success while her brother’s failure resulted________his laziness.
A．from；from B．from；in
C．in；from D．in；in
解析：选C。考查介词。result in导致；result from因……而产生，由……造成。
8put up with 容忍；忍受
(回归课本P30)We do not have to put up with pollution.
我们没必要忍受污染。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①I can’t put up with your rudeness any more；leave the room，please.
我不能再忍受你这种无礼的态度了，请离开这个房间。
②(牛津P1615)I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
③We are trying to put aside some money every month for our vacation.我们尽量每月存些钱供度假用。
④One moment please，I’m just trying to put you through.
请等一下，我这就给你接通电话。
⑤Please put out the light before you go to bed.
上床之前请把灯关掉。
⑥He put forward a new theory at the meeting.
在会上他提出了一种新理论。
[即境活用]
9．She will have to find some other work，for she can’t________the loud noise any more.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．keep up with D．end up with
解析：选B。考查短语辨析。put up with忍受，容忍。句意：她将不得不另找工作，因为她再也忍受不了那么大的噪音了。come up with想出，提出；keep up with跟上；end up with以……结束。
10．The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to________a good answer.
A．put up with B．keep up with
C．come up with D．go through with
解析：选C。句意：老师问了一道很难的题，但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艰难地)完成，履行……诺言。根据句意选C。
11．Don’t be so discouraged.If you ________such feelings，you will do better next time.
A．carry on B．get back
C．break down D．put away
解析：选D。carry on开展；进行；get back 取回；break down分解；崩溃；出故障；put away收拾起来。句意：不要泄气，如果你收起这种情绪，下次你会做得更好。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials...(P30)
用新材料造东西需要大量能源……
【句法分析】 句中it为形式主语，take意为需要/消耗(时间、劳力等)，take作此含义时通常不可用于被动式。
①To be honest，it takes great courage to tell the truth.
老实说，说出真相需要很大勇气。
②It takes perseverance and courage to become a successful man.
成为一个成功的人需要毅力和勇气。
[即境活用]
12．Perseverance is a kind of quality－and that’s what________to do anything well.
A．one takes B．one is taken
C．it takes D．it is taken
解析：选C。句意：毅力是一种品质，是一种做好任何事情都需要的品质。表语从句中隐含一个句型：It takes ...to do sth.。
2【教材原句】 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it-if not，turn it off！(P30)
在使用电器设备时你可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
【句法分析】 (1)so long as＝as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
①You may borrow the book so long as/as long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。
②I don’t care about the price so long as the car is in good condition.我不计较价钱，只要车很好用就行了。
③We need a rope as long as 30 metres.
我们需要一条30米长的绳子。
④The table is twice as long as that one.
这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。
【温馨提示】 as long as 只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。as long as 还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。
(2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式。
if so如果这样
if any若有
if necessary如果有必要
⑤I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.
我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。
⑥Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s put the central heating off.有谁感到冷吗？如果没有，就把暖气关掉。
⑦Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。
⑧Have you got a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner together.
下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。
⑨Take this camera with you，if necessary.
如果有必要，带上照相机去吧。
13．(2011年湖南长沙长郡中学月考)If the food tastes nice，we’ll buy some；if ________，________.
A．no；no B．not；not
C．not；no D．no；not
解析：选B。考查省略。全句应为：If the food doesn’t taste nice，we won’t buy any。
[即境活用]
（小周）