核心词汇
1．If we ____________(打败) the Italian team，we’ll be through to the final.
2．About two hundred students ____________(参加)the lecture by Professor Smith yesterday.
3．Being ____________(暴露)to strong sunlight too much time is bad for your skin.
4. Finding a cure for AIDS is one of the greatest ____________(挑战)facing doctors today.
5．Two new roads have recently been opened，and several others are still under ____________(建设)．
6．I applied for a job as a secretary there，but was ____________(拒绝)．
7．His brother is a businessman who has already____________(捐助)500,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.
8．Cigarettes give off too much poisonous vapour into the air，which ____________(污染)the environment badly.
9．No one knows who stole her car，but the police have ____________ her neighbors.At last，the two ____________ were arrested today in connection with the robbery.(suspect)
10．用conclude 的适当形式填空
(1)Taking into account of all these factors，we may reach the ____________ that parents are the best teachers of their children.
(2)Johnson ____________ from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.
1.defeat 2.attended 3.exposed 4.challenges 5.construction 6.rejected/refused 7.contributed 8.pollute 9.suspected；suspects 10.(1)conclusion (2)concluded
高频短语
1．________________ 提出
2．________________ 得出结论
3．________________ 使显露；暴露
4．________________ 将……和……联系或连接起来
5．________________ 除……之外；此外
6．________________ 讲得通；有意义
7．________________ 调查；研究
8．________________ 导致
9．________________ 有时
10．________________ 反对
11．________________ 对……严格的
12．________________ 应受责备
1.put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose...to 4.link...to... 5.apart from 6.make sense 7.look into 8.lead to 9.at times 10.be against 11.(be) strict with... 12.be to blame
重点句式
1．____________its cause ____________ its cure was understood.
人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died ____________ there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
3．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she ____________ to her house every day.
有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。
4．__________________，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ____________.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
5．____________you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
1.Neither；nor 2.every time 3.had it delivered 4.To prevent this from happening again；be examined 5.Only if
知识详解
1conclude vt.& vi. 断定，推断；使结束，终止；达成，缔结
归纳拓展
[例句探源]
①(牛津 P409)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
②(牛津 P409)He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。
③(牛津 P409)I’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
1．完成句子
(1)我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。
We will have a further discussion before we ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：draw a final conclusion
(2)总之，我认为将来还有希望。
________ ________，I think there is hope for the future.
答案：In conclusion
[即境活用]
(3)让我用一句谚语结束我的演讲：有志者，事竟成。
Let me ________ ________ ________ ________ a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
答案：conclude my speech with
2defeat(defeated；defeated)
vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n． 失败
(回归课本P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
①(朗文P528)It was a lack of money，not effort，that defeated their plan.
他们的计划失败并非努力不够，而是缺乏资金。
②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.
虽然生活中有许多困难要去克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。
③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我们的棒球队再次失败了。
[例句探源]
defeat，beat，win
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用来指在战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。
(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。
[易混辨析]
2．用win；beat；defeat填空：
(1)The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty ________the enemy.
答案：defeating
(2)He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ________ faster.
答案：beating
[即境活用]
(3)Who do you think will ________ the beauty contest?
答案：win
(4)You ____________ me in the race，but I’ll __________ you at tennis.
答案：beat/defeated；beat/defeat
3 expose vt. 暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临
(回归课本P5)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。
[归纳拓展]
【高效记忆】
解析：选C。句意：众所周知，一些中东国家的妇女不把脸部露在外面。expose意为“暴露”。
解析：选D。句意：在夏天人们撑伞的原因是暴露在烈日下会对皮肤有害。expose to...使暴露于；be exposed to暴露于，接触，此处作主语，所以要用v.ing形式，故选D。contribute贡献，不合句意。
[归纳拓展]
[归纳拓展]
解析：选A。sb. be to blame表示“某人应被责备”。又由Actually知此处应选A项。
解析：选B。此题考查过去分词作状语。句意：因弄坏了学校计算机网络系统而受到谴责，Alice情绪很低落。
[归纳拓展]
答案：contributes to
答案：made important contributions to
[归纳拓展]
③It is wise to have some money put away for old age.(1996年高考全国卷)存些钱养老是明智的做法。
④(2008年高考上海卷)She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week.
她下午打电话把会议延期到下周。
⑤I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal.
我能容忍很多事情，但绝不容忍小偷小摸的人。
意义 除……之外(还有) 除……之外(别无) 此外，除了
相当于 besides except/but except for
解析：选D。句意：除了繁忙的学校作业外，孩子们还必须在业余时间上艺术、音乐、体育课。apart from 除……之外还。
12．(2011年东营模拟)I knew nothing about the accident ________ I read in the newspaper.
A．except that B．except for
C．apart from D．except what
解析：选D。句意：关于这场事故除了我在报纸上所读到的之外我一无所知。由于空格后句子结构不完整，缺少宾语，故应由what引导，排除A、B、C项。
9make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
(回归课本P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
[归纳拓展]
①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.
无论你怎样读这个句子，它都讲不通。
②(2007年高考陕西卷)It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
在失控前致力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。
[例句探源]
③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any sense of them at all.
这一段中有那么多生词以致于我根本不理解它们的含义。
④(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.
如果我们打算以后把门换掉，那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。
⑤In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.
无论如何我都不赞同这个建议。
13．(2011年上海交大附中模拟)-________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.
-What you said does make________.
A．Exposed；sense
B．Exposing；sense
C．Exposed；senses
D．Exposing；a sense
[即境活用]
解析：选A。句意：--暴露在日光下，这花儿很快就会被晒干。--你说的话的确有道理。第一空expose与flower之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，第二空make sense为固定用法，表示“有道理，讲得通”。
句型梳理
【教材原句】 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(P2)
每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
【句法分析】 (1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当……”。
(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。
(3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。
①Every time I call the number，I get a busy signal.
我每次拨打这个号码，电话总是忙音。
②Each time they met，they would talk long hours together.
他们每次见面都会谈论很长时间。
③The first time he came to the city，he decided to settle here.
他第一次来到这个城市，他就决定在此安家。
④The last time I saw Kate，she was doing research on wild animals.我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。
⑤The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans.
这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。
⑥I left immediately the clock struck 5.
钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。
【温馨提示】 (1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。
(2)It is the first time that...(如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。)
(3)It’s high/about time that...(从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形)
⑦It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
⑧It is high time that we left for Beijing.
到我们出发去北京的时间了。
[即境活用]
14．(2009年高考辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he
C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it
解析：选C。句意：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。
15．(2009年高考陕西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.
A．see B．had seen
C．saw D．have seen
解析：选D。句意：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。
16．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A．at the time B．each time
C．by the time D．sometimes
解析：选B。考查名词词组用作连词引导时间状语从句。句意：不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子，C项意义不对。
17．(2011年云南玉溪模拟)________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A．At times B．Some time
C．Every time D．The time
解析：选C。句意：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
2【教材原句】 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)
人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。
【句法分析】 neither...nor...既不……，也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。neither...nor...连接并列主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与就近的名词或代词保持一致。本句的谓语动词应与its cure保持一致。
①Neither my father nor I was there.
我父亲和我都不在那里。
②I have neither time nor money for the ball.
我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。
③Neither shall I go there，nor do I want to go.
我既不会去那儿，也不想去那儿。
[归纳拓展]
④She not only speaks but also writes French.
她不但能说法语，而且会写法语。
⑤Either my father or my brothers are coming.
我的父亲或者我的兄弟们要来。
18．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.
A．I was neither
B．neither was I
C．I was either
D．either was I
[即境活用]
解析：选B。句意：Bill对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语表示某人/物也不(同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。
19．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
解析：选B。考查固定句型。句意：如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，他也不参加。“neither＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表示“某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它须与否定句连用。
（小周）