核心词汇
1．People found the little match girl dead in the street at____________(黎明)．
2．This problem is only____________(稍稍)difficult，but I can work it out easily.
3．The two governments have settled their differences over their common____________(边界)．
4. The Chinese people have the____________(传统)of respecting the old and loving the young.
5．When we____________(测量)the yard，we found it was twenty feet long and fifteen feet wide.
6．The man has ____________(宽阔的)shoulders and looks handsome.
7．I’ll go____________(市区)tomorrow.Do you want to go with me?
8．When they saw the ____________scene，everyone on the spot felt____________and couldn’t say a word.(terrify)
9．用impress的适当形式填空
(1)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep____________on visitors from home and abroad.
(2)To tell you the truth，I was deeply ____________by his excellent speech.
10．With so many trees and flowers____________it，the school looks very nice.I’d like to bring up my child in healthy ____________，so I would like to send him to it.(surround)
1.dawn 2.slightly 3.border 4.tradition 5.measured 6.broad 7.downtown 8.terrifying；terrified 9.(1)impression (2)impressed 10.surrounded；surroundings
高频短语
1．________________ 与其；不愿
2．________________ 被……包围
3．________________ 定居；平静下来；专心于
4．________________ 设法做
5．________________ 看见；瞥见
6．________________ 对……有天赋
7．________________ 在远处
8．________________ 远到；直到；至于
9．________________ 在黎明，在拂晓
10．________________ 给……留下深刻印象
1.rather than 2.be surrounded by/with 3.settle down 4.manage to do 5.catch sight of 6.have a gift for 7.in the distance 8.as far as 9.at dawn 10.impress...on/upon
重点句式
1．________________，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
2．It is ________wet there ________ the trees are extremely tall，some ________over 90 metres.
那里的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
3．It’s too bad you can’t go________________ Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
4．As they sat in a buffet restaurant________________the broad St Lawrence River，a young man sat down with them.
当她们坐在一家自助餐厅里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐到了她们身边。
知识详解
1.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way 2.so；that； measuring 3.as far as 4.looking over
1.surround vt.& vi. 包围；围绕
(回归课本P34)People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2036)As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年时我备受关爱。
②They surrounded the house and garden with a fence.
他们用一道篱笆把房子和花园围住。
③We are living in pleasant surroundings.
我们生活在舒适的环境中。
[即境活用]
1．When I got home，I found my son was playing on the carpet，________by all kinds of toys.
A．surrounding B．surrounded
C．surrounds D．having surrounded
解析：选B。由句子结构可知此处应使用非谓语动词可排除C项，再由the carpet与surround之间是被动关系可排除A、D两项，此处是过去分词作状语，故选B。
2.distance n． 距离；远方；遥远；疏远
v． 不介入；与……疏远
(回归课本P38)In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake.
远处，她们可以看到在湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①The picture looks beautiful at a distance.
那幅画远看显得很美。
②We saw lights in the distance.
我们看到了远处的点点灯光。
③My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
④(牛津P579)She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt.
有人告诫她说，如果不想受到伤害，就与查尔斯离得远一点。
[即境活用]
2．The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a________of 60 miles.
A．length B．distance
C．way D．space
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。“a distance of＋数字”表示“……距离”。
3.measure vi.& vt. 测量；衡量；判定
n． 计量制；计量单位；措施
(回归课本P34)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1279)The nurse weighed me and measured my height.
护士称了一下我的体重，而后量了一下我的身高。
②(朗文P1279)You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear.
你不能以衣着衡量一个人。
③It is high time that we should take some measures to protect endangered animals.
我们是时候应该采取措施保护濒临灭绝的动物了。
[即境活用]
3．完成句子
(1)过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。
In the old days，my mother always made new clothes________ ________ ________ ________with Spring Festival coming.
答案：to my own measure
(2)政府对醉酒驾驶采取了强硬措施。
The government________ ________ ________ ________drunk driving.
答案：took strong measures against
4.confirm vt. 证实；证明；批准
(回归课本P38)The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
第二天早上，在她们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树，挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子，地面上覆盖了一层薄霜，表明了秋天已经来到了加拿大。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P415)It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
②Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet.
已有六人证实他们将会参加但还有十人仍未答复。
③He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.
他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。
④The expression on her face confirmed our fears.
她脸上的表情证实了我们的忧虑。
[即境活用]
4．The recent airplane crash________my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.
A．confirms B．combines
C．conducts D．conforms
解析：选A。confirm one’s belief “坚定信念”。
5.impress vt. 使铭记；铭刻；给……留下极深的印象
(回归课本P39)Describe two or three things that impressed you most and your feelings when you experienced them.
描述2～3件给你留下深刻印象的事情和你体验它们时的情感。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me.
老师让我铭记(向我强调)英语的重要性。
②My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。
③The audience were deeply impressed by the actors’ wonderful performance.
观众对演员们的精彩表演印象深刻。
④(朗文P1041)It is important to make a good impression at your interview.
面试时给人留下好的印象是很重要的。
[即境活用]
5．The new teacher made a good________on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
A．feeling B．effect
C．impression D．sense
解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。make a good impression on sb.意为“给某人留下好印象”。句意：那位新老师以丰富的知识和幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。
6．(2011年金华十校联考)The conference has been held to discuss the ________of global warming on people’s lives all over the world.
A．importance B．effects
C．protection D．impression
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。effects意思是“影响”，即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的影响。importance意思是“重要性”；protection意思是“保护”；impression意思是“印象”。
6.catch sight of 看见；瞥见
(回归课本P34)．..they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
……她们总算看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①Suddenly，I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
突然，在人群中我看到了英语老师。
②(牛津P1863)She caught sight of a car in the distance.
她瞥见远处有一辆车。
③(朗文P1906)We stood at the window until the car came into sight.我们站在窗前，直到看见他们的车子。
④He ran fast and was soon out of sight.
他跑得很快，一会儿就不见了。
[即境活用]
7．At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
解析：选A。句意：在火车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车消失在视野中。
7.as far as 远到，直至，至于
(回归课本P38)It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
[归纳拓展]
[例句探源]
①As far as I know，it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.
就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。
②Besides，as far as he was concerned，what other people thought was not the most important thing.
此外，他认为别人的想法并不是最重要的。
③Standing here，you can see as far as the foot of the hill.
站在这里，你可以一直看到山脚下。
④(2010年高考江西卷)-Our holiday cost a lot of money.
--我们的假期花了很多钱。
-Did it？Well，that doesn’t matter as long as you enjoyed yourself.
--是吗？只要你玩的开心就好了。
[即境活用]
8．________I can see，there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．Just as D．Even if
解析：选B。as far as I can see“据我所知”。as long as“只要”，表示条件；just as“就像……”，表示方式；even if“即使”，表示让步，皆不符合语境。
9．-How far apart do they live?
-________I know，they live in the same neighbourhood.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．As well as D．As often as
解析：选B。as far as I know“据我所知”。
10．(2009年高考陕西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do________I am happy.
A．even though B．as soon as
C．as long as D．as though
解析：选C。句意：我的父母不在乎我从事什么样的工作，只要我高兴就好。本题考查状语从句。as long as 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。as soon as“ 一……就……”；even though“虽然，尽管”；as though “好像”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.(P34)
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
【句法分析】 (1)rather than 宁愿……而不愿……；而不是……；与其……倒不如(连接平行结构)
would rather do...than do＝would do...rather than do
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……
①I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame.
我想不是你，而是汤姆应受责备。
②I have decided to send him an email rather than (to) telephone.
我决定给他发个电子邮件，而不是打电话。
③He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.
他宁愿在家里看电视也不愿去听音乐会。
④I would rather (that) you hadn’t done that thing.
我宁愿你没做那件事。
[即境活用]
11．(2011年黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)To enjoy the scenery，Bob would spend long time on the train________travel by air.
A．other than B．apart from
C．instead of D．rather than
解析：选D。考查短语。句意：Bob 为了欣赏风景宁可花时间坐火车也不乘飞机。rather than 而不；other than 不同于，除了；apart from 除……以外；instead of 替代。根据语意选D。
2【教材原句】 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.(P34)
那儿的湿度很大，树木极高，有些树的高度超过90米。
【句法分析】 some measuring over 90 metres为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。
这种独立主格结构由名词(代词)加分词(现在分词或过去分词)构成，分词的逻辑主语是该名词(代词)。该结构在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等。
①He lay on his back，his teeth set and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.(伴随状语)
他躺在那儿，牙关紧咬，而且他发怒的眼睛直盯着上方。
②Time permitting，we’ll have a dictation.(条件状语)
如果时间允许，我们就听写。
③There being no bus，we had to go home on foot.(原因状语)
没有公共汽车了，我们不得不步行回家。
[即境活用]
12．All the factors________，the planned trip will have to be called off.
A．considered
B．be considered
C．considering
D．having considered
解析：选A。本题考查独立主格结构的用法。句意：考虑了所有的因素之后，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了。本句中的consider与All the factors之间为动宾关系，在句子中要用被动形式，因此排除C、D两项，前后两部分不是并列的分句，要采用“名词＋过去分词”形式的独立主格结构作时间状语，相当于after all the factors are considered，此处的独立主格结构也可改写成with all the factors considered。
13．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．went finished
解析：选B。句意：那天的课程一结束，孩子们纷纷从那所语法学校回到家里。当两句话并列时，需要并列连词，而题干中没有并列连词，故排除C、D两项；可判断逗号后应为独立主格结构作状语，在此结构中逻辑主语lessons与逻辑谓语finish之间为被动关系，故排除A项。
作文指导
长句和短句的变换
长句含有许多修饰语，适合表达准确而复杂的思想，解释观点或理论，描写细致的事物；短句比较简洁、明快、有力，适合陈述重要的事实或想法。长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误，或者造成理解障碍；短句不容易出错，但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟、不老练。
在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要长短句交替使用。通常最简单而又适用于应试的长短句交错的方法是：以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句。简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，如分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语和副词短语等。
短句变长句
【佳句选粹1】
【原文】 【优化】
Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由“not only...，but also...”连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself hardworking and modest. His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people and he always proves himself hardworking and modest.
【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由and连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹3】
【原文】 【优化】
In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools and private schools.Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments. In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools，which are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls，and private schools，the majority of which are singlesex educational establishments.
【分析】 句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替，并作为引导词变成非限制性定语从句；句子“The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替，变成了“the majority of which”形式，这正是定语从句“介词of＋which”结构。用了两个定语从句优化后，句子显得更有文采，而且更有气势。
长句变短句
长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句式，华而不实，反而成为表达的累赘。
写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要，有话则长，无话则短。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练。简洁是一个重要的原则，用词累赘是写作的大忌。
【佳句选粹】
【原文】 【优化】
His father，who is a salesman，became a millionaire overnight. His father，a_salesman，became a millionaire overnight.
【分析】 优化后的句子用同位语代替了原句中的定语从句，从而起到了精简句子的作用。
（小周）