高中英语动词的时态和语态专题训练题
【网络构建】
动词时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架。因此时态与语态也是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。英语有十六种时态，但常考的主要有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时及完成进行时等。语态一般不单独设题，通常结合时态进行综合考查。
（一）时态概念
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语中有十六种动词时态形式，但常见的有九种，见下表：
时态名称 表示
时间 表达的意义 例 句
一
般
现在
时
现
在 习惯于或经常性动作 Class begins at eight every morning .
状况 He looks very pale .
瞬间动作 There comes the school bus .
过
去 描述过去的事实，以求描述的生动性 The river rises higher and higher , breaks the banks and fills all low places .
将
来 固定不变或不易变的动作或状态 Tomorrow is Sunday .
（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作或状态 When he arrives ,we’ll go out to meet him .
It will be 3 hours before I come back .
不受时间限制的动作或状态 The sun rises in the east .
Practice makes perfect.
一
般
过
去
时
过
去 某时（或某段时间内）的动作 He traveled in France last year.
状态 He was in Shenzheng some years ago .
习惯动作 When I was at college , I wrote home once a month.
先后一连串动作 He went to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter.
现在或将来 非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟语气范畴 It’s time we had supper.
If he arrived tomorrow , I should meet him at the airport.
一
般
将
来
时
将
来 某个时刻（或某段时间内）将要发生的动作，更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中 He will come next week . I’ll ask her as soon as she comes.
状态 Your dress will be ready soon.
现
在 预测现在某事可能要发生了 It’s ten o’clock . Mary will be in bed by now.
现在的习惯 A lion will never attack an elephant .
现在的需要 Shall I help you ?
对将来的事情现在作出决定 ---Which shirt do you want ?
---I’ll take the red one, please.
现
在
进
行
时
现
在 某时（或某段时间内）正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter now. She is visiting Shanghai this week .
婉转口气 I’m hoping to hear from you soon.
带有感情色彩的叙述 The boy is always talking in class.
将
来 按计划一般不易变更的动作 The train is leaving at 11:00 p.m..
（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作 When you are cycling along the street , don’t’ forget the traffic light.
过去进行时
过
去 某时（或时间段内）进行的动作 I was doing my homework this time last night.
故事发生的背景 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
带有感情色彩的叙述 He was making trouble all the time .
过去说话前不久的动作 I was telling him his mother was ill .
婉转口气 I was hoping you could help me.
过去将来时
过去 间接引用某人过去的话和想法 He warned us that the journey would be dangerous .
习惯性动作 At dusk , these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk.
现
在 非真实的动作或状态 If I were you , I would study French .
客气的请求 Would you mind helping me ?
愿望 I would like a cup of tea.
现
在
完
成
时
完
成
用
法 现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响 He has turned off the light .
I have been to Japan .
现在时间前已做的动作 He is reading the book that he has bought recently .
（在时间或条件从句中）表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作 I’ll return the book to you as soon as I have finished it .
未完成用法
直到现在为止尚未完成的动作 He has lived in Wuhan since last summer.
过
去
完
成
时 完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前完成的动作或状态 By the end of last term we had learned 3000 English words.
未完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作 By December last year , he had worked in Beijing for five years .
其他用法
表示非真实的,想象的过去动作或状态 I wish I had told him about it . If she had worked harder , she would have succeeded.
They had meant to see me off at the airport , but they got there too late.
（二） 时态的运用
1．现在时等表示将来时
【重点提示】 用现在时表示将来时往往出现在以下状语从句中：if , unless , even if 等引导的条件状语从句；when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引导的让步状语从句。
在上述从句中如果主句是将来时（往往出现will , shall , can , must 等情态动词或祈使句），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：
I’ll not go to his birthday party unless I’m invited.
Tell him the news as soon as he comes back .
有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中带有时间状语），但限于少数动词如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。如：
The meeting begins at seven .
The train starts at nine in the morning .
当主句是过去将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。如：
He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work.
上述从句中还用现在完成时表示将来完成时，此时强调从句动作在主句之前发生。如：
You can’t go out until you have finished your homework .(先完成作业再出去玩。)
2．过去时在语境中的运用
【重点提示】在没有明确时间状语的情况下，考生对过去时的判定往往会失误，原因是只凭汉语直译而不看语境。语境中的过去时往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如：
I never thought he would do that .
3.现在完成时与一般过去时
【重点提示】考生很容易将现在完成时误用为一般过去时，原因是没有深刻领会“现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响”这句话的含义。一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。如：
---Where have you put the recorder? I can’t find it anywhere!
---I put it right here , but now it’s gone .
问句用现在完成时，表明说话者在找录音机，希望对方告诉他录音机在哪里。而答语用过去时，因为“录音机已经不见了”。“刚才”把录音机放这儿与“现在不见了”没有直接关系。
4．某些固定的句式中的时态
【重点提示】在某些固定的句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
1） This / It is / will be the first / second ---time +that 从句一般用现在完成时，若主句be动词用was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。如：
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
2） It is / has been + 一段时间+since 从句。Since 从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改成was ，则since 从句中用过去完成时。如：
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time .
3) be about to do ---when ---意为“即将------（这时）突然------”。如：
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意为“正在干------（这时）突然------”。如：
They were playing football when Jack shouted in pain .
5) Hardly had ---done ---when--- ; No sooner had --- done ---than---
when 和than 从句里也用过去时，表示“刚刚------就------”。如：
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down .
No sooner had the villagers left the burning building than it fell down into pieces .
6) It + be +一段时间+before 从句
该句式分两种情况：若主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；若主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
It wont’ be long before he succeeds.(=He will soon succeed.)
It was ten years before they met again .(=They met again ten years later.)
5.现在完成进行时
【重点提示】 现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。事实上现在完成进行时除了表示动作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示动作“未完成”概念，一般可换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。如：
He has taught English for 10 years.
也可说成: He has been teaching English for 10 years .
下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一定的感情色彩。如：
Where have you been ? I’ve been telephoning you the whole morning !
He’s been talking to me since this morning .
6.非延续性（终止性）动词怎样表示一段时间
【重点提示】 非延续性动词有mary , die , close , arrive , post , come , fall , leave, go , break , give , join , jump , receive, buy , borrow , become , start , begin , graduate等。这些非延续性动词如果用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语for ---, since ---连用。如：
可以说：I have bought an Audi car.
不可以说：I have bought an Audi car for a year.
如果要表示一段时间，句中不能用终止性动词，一定要用相应的延续性动词。如：
I have had an Audi car for a year.
也可以用以下方式：
I bought an Audi car a year ago .
It’s / has been a year since I bought an Audi car.
二、 语态
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be动词+动词过去分词构成，时态通过be 的变化形式来体现。如：
The bridge is being built now .
He was asked a lot of questions at the meeting .
动词say , believe , report , announce , suppose ,know ,consider ,hope 等以it 作主语时用被动语态，后面接that 从句。如：
It is said that our football team has won the game .
【重点提示】 英语中有时用主动形式表示被动含义，主要有以下三种情况：谓语动词、非谓语动词和介词短语。
(一) 用谓语动词的形式表示被动含义
1． 表示状态特征的连系动词look , sound , feel ,smell , taste , prove, appear+形容词/ 名词构成的系表结构。
The steel feels cold.
His plan proved (to be )practical .
2.表示“开始”、“结束”、“运动”的动词，如begin , finish , start , open , close , stop , end , shut , run, move.
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning .
The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day .
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write ,act , sell , wash , clean ,open , cook,lock ,shut ,dry ,eat , drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常加上一个修饰语。如：
This coat dries easily .
The pen writes smoothly.
4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如 ：print , build , cook , fry , hang ,make .
The books are printing .
（二）用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义
1. want , need , require 作“需要”讲时，后用动名词的主动形式表被动含义，这时动名词同句子的主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。如：
The house needs / wants / requires repairing .
2. 形容词worth 后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义
This problem is well worth considering .
The close game is worth watching .
3. 不定式在某些形容词（difficult ,easy ,hard ,comfortable , pleasant , fit ,unfit , light , heavy ,good , safe ,dangerous ）后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动含义，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 如：
The question is difficult (for me )to understand .
She is easy (for people )to get along with .
4. 不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语后宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式表被动含义。如：
I have a lot of work to do this evening .
5. 在there be 句型中修饰主语的动词不定式用主动形式和被动形式皆可。在口语中多用主动形式。如：
There are many things to do / be done .
6. 不定式to let , to blame 等表示被动意义。如：
The car is to let. (汽车出租。)
（三） 介词in , on , under 等+n. 构成的介词短语表示被动意义
The house facing the lake is in the possession of John.
=The house facing the lake is possessed by John.
The question is under discussion .=The question is being discussed .
【命题趋势】
历年来高考中时态题一般要求考生能够根据上下文捕捉和体会动作发生的时间信息，充分注意题干中语境，准确判断时态，弄清句子主语和谓语之间的主动关系和被动关系；熟练掌握英语动词的各种时态，并侧重区别一般过去时与现在完成时、一般过去时与过去完成时的用法。一般来说考进行时和完成时的频率更高一点。语态一般很少单独设题，往往穿插在时态中进行综合考查，要求考生掌握各种时态的被动形式尤其是现在进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态。
【点击真题】
【例1】---Sorry to have interrupted you . Please go on .
---Where was I ?
--- You ____ you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004北京春)
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
【答案】 C。
【点拨】本题考查过去进行时与过去时及过去完成时的区别。
【解析】本题是一组对话。第二句意为“我刚才讲到哪里了？”对方回答说“你刚才正讲到你不喜欢你父亲的工作那个地方。”应该指刚才正讲到------，所以用过去进行时，选C。
【例2】 How can you possibly miss the news ?It ____ on TV all day long .
has been B. had been C. was D. will be (2004北京春)
【答案】A.
【点拨】本题考查时态用法。
【解析】从句意来看，“你怎么可能会没听到这个消息呢？电视上整天在播放该消息。” 而且句中all day long 表示该动作或状态一直在进行，因此应该用完成时态。
【例3】All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor , her nervousness ___.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown (NMET2003)
【答案】C.
【点拨】本题考查时态用法。
【解析】 先排除A、B两项，因为从从句看，说的是过去的事，与现在无关；再排除D项，因为“她”不可能在等候医学报告之前就增加了紧张感了。故应选C表明“等候”与“增长”两个动作都在过去同时发生。
【例4】At this time tomorrow ____ over the Atlantic .
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly (2003北京)
【答案】B。
【点拨】本题考查将来进行时shall (will )be +现在分词的用法。
【解析】shall (will )be +现在分词的用法可表示“纯粹的将来”，说话者仅陈述一个事实。或表示某种可能的推测，有“我料想，我估计”的含义。本题中的时间状语at this time tomorrow很明显是个将来进行时，故选B。
【例5】---____ David and Vicky ____ married ?
---For about three years.
A. How long were; being B. How long have ; got
C. How long have ; been D. How long did ; get （2003北京）
【答案】C.
【点拨】本题考查1.延续性动词的用法.2.动词短语be married ,get married 的区别.
【解析】 根据回答 “For about three years .”可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久了,须用现在完成时,排除A、D两项；再排除B项，get married 当作非延续性动词使用，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，不能用How long 来提问。Be married 表示延续的状态，是延续性动词。
【例6】 The news came as no surprise to me .I ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down . （2003北京）
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
【答案】A.
【点拨】本题考查动词时态的用法知识。
【解析】本题的第一句是关键“对于那消息我不感到惊讶”，原因就是在这之前已经知道了内容。第一句用了一般过去时，在一过去动作之前的事情，应选过去完成时。
【例7】 I ____ ping-pang quite well , but I haven’t had time to play since the new year .
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play (NMET2001)
【答案】D。
【点拨】该题考查动词时态。
【解析】But 后的并列分句用在现在完成时的否定表示到现在为止未完成的动作，由此可推断出一个并列分句表示的是经常性的或习惯性的动作，须用一般现在时，故答案为D。
【例8】 I arrived late ; I ____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
【答案】C。
【点拨】本题考查的是时态用法。
【解析】本题由两个分句组成。前一个分句用一般过去时。后一个分句中的动词expect 实际上是发生在前一个分句中动词arrived之前，指在此之前没有料到路面会那么的滑。因此应该用过去完成时。故答案选C。
【例9】Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly . (NMET2001)
A. is changing B. had changed C. will have changed D. will change
【答案】A.
【点拨】本题考查动词的时态用法。
【解析】题干为一个含有原因状语动句的主从复合句，主句陈述的情况是一客观事实，原因状语从句强调一直正在进行的动作，故答案为A。又如：
Don’t turn off the light because I am reading a report now.
【例10】Come and see me whenever _____.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
B. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you (2003北京)
【答案】C。
【点拨】本题考查1.whenever “任何时间”引导的时间状语从句2.convenient 一词的用法.
【解析】 1.先排除B、D两项，因为状语从句中一般将来时需用一般现在时代替。2.convenient “方便的,合适的”,be convenient to sb.(对某人来说)如果方便的话.排除A 项.
【拓展演练】
【基础过关题】
1.---You’re drinking too much .
--- Only at home .No one ___ me but you .
A. is seeing B. had seen C. saw D. sees
2.---Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I ____ your advice .
--- Don’t worry . Try again .
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
3.The telephone ____ three times in the last hour , and each time it ____ for my father.
A. had rung ; was B. has rung ; was C. rang ; has been D. has been ringing ; is
4.---John took a photograph of you just now.
--- Really ? What a pity ! I ____ .
A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. hadn’t looked D. haven’t looked
5. After the class , the students went out of the classroom one by one , but only Mary___.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. was left
6. The 2000 Olympic Games ____ in Sydney , a city of Australia.
A. were taken place B. was held C. were held D. had been held
7.The teacher told his students that they ____ to be useful men to the country .
A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected
8.--- You’ve agreed to go , but why aren’t you getting ready ?
--- But I ____ that you ___ me to start at once .
A. don’t realize ; want B. don’t realize ; wanted
C. didn’t realize ; wanted D. haven’t realized ; want
9.Will these flowers be watered _____?
A. every few days B. after hours C. within a few hours D. the other day
10.Nobody knew when the fire ____ , but they knew it ____ the next morning .
A. broke out , was put out B. was broken out ; was put out
C. broke out ; put out D. was broken out ; went out
11.I have no idea what ____ while I was asleep .
A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened
12.---Look !Somebody has broken a glass.
--- Well , it ____ me . I ___ that .
A. wasn’t ; didn’t do B. isn’t ; haven’t done C. wasn’t ; hadn’t done D. isn’t ; didn’t do
13.The thief ____ when he was stealing a wallet from a woman .
A. happened to notice B. was taken place to notice
C. was happened to be noticed D. happened to be noticed
14.---Do you know anyone in Paris ?
--- No , I’ll make friends once ____.
A. I’m settled B. I have settled C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling
15.---Come on , Shella . I want to show you something .
--- Oh, how nice of you . I ____ you ____ to bring me a gift.
A. didn’t think ; were going B. never think ; are going
C. never thought ; were going D. hadn’t thought ; were going
16.It will be a long time ___ Frank ____ back from abroad .
A. before ; comes B .since ; has come C. when ; has come D. after ; came
17.---I’ve heard Bob ____ from his journey to Africa .
--- What about visiting him tonight ?
A. had come back B. coming back C. come back D. is back
18.Unfortunately when I arrived she ____ , so we only had time for a few words .
A. just left B. has just left C. was just leaving D. had just left
19.---How do you usually go to work ?
--- If it is fine , I ___ on foot .
A. will go B. go C. have gone D. won’t go
20.He ___ and was made to repeat it .
A. didn’t understand B. didn’t be understood C. wasn’t understand D. wasn’t understood
21.The pupils here ____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing
C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing
22.---What were you doing when Tom came to see you ?
--- I____ on my coat and ____ .
a) have just put ; leaving B. was put ; was left
C. had just put ; was leaving D. was putting ; left
23.---You haven’t said a word about my new coat , Brenda . Do you like it ?
--- I’m sorry I ___ anything about it sooner . I certainly think it is pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
24.---I am sorry ,but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you .
--- You ____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
25.---Is Tom still smoking ?
--- No, by next Saturday he ___ for a while month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. has gone C. will have gone D. has been going
26.---What were you up to when your mother came in ?
--- I ___ for a while and ____ some reading .
A. was playing ; was going to B. played ; did
C. had played ; was going to D. had played ; did
27.---____ you ___ the editor at the airport ?
--- No , he ___ away before my arrival .
A. Have ; met ; has driven B. Had ; met ; was driven
C. Did ; meet ; had been driven D. Have ; met ; had driven
28.---What’s the matter ?
--- The shoes don’t fit properly .They ___ my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
29.--- ___ Betty this morning ?
--- Not yet , but she is sure to be here before noon .
A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see
30.---Alice came back home the day before yesterday .
---Really ? Where _____?
A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone
【能力提高题】
1.I can guess you were in a hurry .You ____ your sweater inside out .
A. had wear B. were C. were wearing D. are wearing
2.I really don’t’ think Rosemary will be upset , but I will go and see her in case she ___ .
A. is B. does C. will be D. has been
3.My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand .
A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out
4.Until then , I ___ for him for five hours in his office.
A. waited B. was waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting
5.The foreign friends you referred to ____ looking forward to ____ around our university .
A. are ; being shown B. being ; being shown C. being ; showing D. are ; be shown
6.The door ____ . Better send for a workman to repair it .
A. isn’t open B. isn’t be opened C. hasn’t been opened D. won’t open
7. I don’t mind ____ alone , but I want a good book ____ .
A. leaving ;reading B. being left ; to read C. to be left ; to be read D. being left ; to be read
8.The shop assistant promised me that the material ____, and what she said ___ to be true .
A. would be dried easily ; was proved B. will be dried easily ; was proved
C. dried easily ; proved D. dried easy ; proved
9.---Sorry , I ___ to post the letter for you .
--- Never mind . ____ it myself after school.
A. forget ; I’d rather post B. forgot ; I’m going to post
C. forgot ; I’ll post D. forget ; I’d better post
10.---What happened to the postman ?
--- I don’t know . He ____ around here for a long time .
A. hasn’t seen B. didn’t see C. wasn’t seen D. hasn’t been seen
11.---Did you write to Mary last month ?
--- No , but I’ll ___ her over Christmas Day .
A. be seen B. be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing
12.They said good-bye , little knowing that they ____ again.
A. were never met B. will never meet C. never met D. were never to meet
13.---Don’t you know I make the decision here ?
--- ____, not until you ____ me .
A. Yes , have told B. No , have told C. Yes , tell D. No , are telling
14.It won’t be long before such a thing ____ again .
A. will happen B. happens C. is happened D. happened
15.The boy whom you lent the bike to ___ by a car.
A. hit B. be hit C. having been hit D. was hit
16.By the time the speaker entered the hall , all the listeners ____ .
A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating
17.We can not use the bridge now , because it ___ .
A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired
18.The room ___ cool in summer and warm in winter.
A. is being felt B. is felt C. feels D. has been felt
19.In warm weather fruit and meat ____ long .
A. don’t keep B. can not be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping
20.It’s the third time you ___ late for school this week .
A. have been B. had been C. are D. were
21. Once you ___ used to the weather here , you ____ this place.
A. had got ; probably liked B. will get ; probably like
C. get ; probably liked D. get ; will probably like
22.They ____ for long when a message came .
A. had drunk B. drunk C. had not drunk D. were drinking
23.Perhaps ____ several years ____ back from abroad .
A. Tom is ; that he comes B. it is ; before Tom will come
C. he will be ; when Tom comes D. it will be ; before Tom comes
24.---Well , here I am at last .
--- Good ! I ___ worried ___ you couldn’t be back on time .
A. got ; about that B. was ; that C. am ; whether D. am ; why
25.--- Have you posted my letter?
--- Sorry , I ___ all about it .
A. had forgotten B. will forget C. forgot D. forget
26.---Jim has been in hospital .
---Oh, really ? I ___ . ____ visit her .
A. didn’t know ; I’ll go and B. don’t know ; I have intended to
C. don’t know ; I intended to D. haven’t known ; I was going to
27.It was twelve o’clock ___ they finished the work .
A . since B. at which C. that D. when
28.---Where ___ the map ?
--- I ___ it right here .
A. did you put ; have put B. have you put ; put
C. had you put ; was putting D. were you putting ; have put
29.---Where do you think ___ he ___ the computer ?
--- Sorry . I have no idea.
A. has ; brought B. / ; bought C. did ; buy D. had ; bought
30.---Are you a visitor here ?
--- That’s right . I ___ round the world and now my dream of coming to China ___ true .
A. have traveled ; has come B. was traveling; had been come
C. am traveling ; has come D. have traveled ; has been come
【高考冲刺题】
1. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy , who _____ without warning and bringing us presents .
A. always turns up B. has always turned up C. was turned up D. was always turning up
2.--- Did he notice you enter the room ?
--- I don’t think so . He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut .
A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened
3. --- Would you like to visit the temple ?
---- If I _______ a week off.
A. will have B. had C. have had D. would have
4.---Look !How long _________ like this ?
--- Three weeks ! It’s usual here that rain ________ without stopping these days at sea.
A .has it rained ; pours B. has it been raining ; pours
C. is it raining ; is pouring D. does it rain ; pours
5. I ____ to help you but I was not able to spare any time .I ____ a paper last night and I’ll finish it tonight .
A. wanted ;have been writing B. have wanted ; wrote
C. had wanted ; wrote D. had wanted ; was writing
6. The price ______ , but I doubt whether it will remain so .
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
7.In this experiment , they are woken up several times during the night , and asked to report what they _________ .
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
8. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____ the cloth _____ well .
A. have told ; washes B. have been told ; washes C. was told ; washed D. have been told ; is washed
9. The car ran down the hill , and the driver __, according to the newspaper , to have been killed.
A. said B. was saying C. was said D. had been said
10.---Was that the first time _____ you ___ England’s coast .
--- Yes . It was .
A. ./ ; left B. when ; have left C. when ; had left D. / had left
11. I should have written to you earlier , but _____ rather busy recently .
A. I’ve been B. I’d been C. I’m being D. I were
12. He will phone ____ he ______ his work .
A. for the moment ; sets about B. the moment ; sets about
C. the moment ; will set about D. for the moment ; will set about
13.---Kate returned home yesterday .
--- Really ? Where ____?
A. has she been B. had she gone C. has she gone D. had she been
14.In such dry weather , the flowers will have to be watered if they ______.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
15. The TV sets made by our factory sell best , but 10 years ago no one could have guessed the place in the markets that they _______ .
A. were having B. were to have C. had had D. had
16.---Can you give me the right answer ?
--- Sorry , I ______ . Would you repeat that question ?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
17.I _____ violin lessons every two weeks , but I think I’ll make it every week from next month.
A. am having B. have had C. have D. have been having
18.---What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening ?
--- I ______ my homework and was starting to take a bath.
A. had just finished B. was finishing C. have already finished D. was going to finish
19.--- Your baby is too thin .
--- It could gain weight , but it _____ much .
A. doesn’t eat B. didn’t eat C. hadn’t been D. couldn’t eat
20.Please call again . Jim ______ a bath just now .
A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
21. ---Why did you come by taxi?
--- My bike broke down last night and I ____ it repaired .
A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. won’t have D. haven’t had
22. I don’t really work here . I _____until the new secretary arrives .
A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
23.You _____ television . Why not do something more active?
A.always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching
24.--- Can you drive on the free way , Mr. Green ?
--- You can when you ____ a bit more skilled .
A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get
25. I _____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ___ yet.
A. arrived ; hadn’t come B. was arriving ; hadn’t come
C. arrived ; hasn’t come D. had arrived ; didn’t come
26.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? It will ___ fresh for several days .
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
27. The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it .
A . had cried ; lost B. cried ; had lost
C. has cried ; has lost D. cries ; has lost
28. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child .
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
29.Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes .
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
30. Rainforests ____ and burned at such a great speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future .
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been out
动词时态和语态（解析）
【基础过关题】
1． 答案：D。
解析：从第一句中可知，本题排除与过去时有关的B、C两项，而see 一般不用进行时，故用一般现在时。
2．答案：c。
解析：if only 在句中引导虚拟语气，在含有if only虚拟句中，不能用情态动词，根据语境这里是与过去事实相反的一种情况，所以要用过去完成时。
3． B。
解析：第一句中有in the past hour ，故用现在完成时；第二句中each time 显然是过去的时间，故选B。
4． 答案：B。
解析：先排除D项，然后从语境中可知，不在看（镜头）是指John 给我拍照时的动作，故用过去进行时。
5． 答案：D。
解析：此句中Mary 是被留下来，而不是主动离开。
6． 答案：C。
解析：A项中take place 无被动语态，B项中主谓不一致，D项时态不对。
7． 答案：A。
解析：从本句意思来看,they 应指学生，与expect 之间应是被动关系。Be expected to do意思是：被指望做------。
8． 答案：C。
解析：realize 不是现在的动作，而是在你提醒我之前没有意识到，故用C，主从句时态也一致。
9． 答案：C。
解析：本句用的是将来时，故排除A、D。B项中after hours 一般用于过去时态，只有C正确。Within 相当于in.
10.答案：a。
解析：break out 无被动语态。put out 与fire 之间应体现被动关系。
11．答案：C。
解析：happen 无被动语态，而A项时态与while I was asleep 不符合。
12．答案：A。
解析：答句中说明 “打破杯子的不是我，我没做那事”，故用一般过去时。
13．答案：D。
解析：happen to do 表示“正好，碰巧”，无被动语态，而the thief 与notice 之间是被动关系，故选D。
14．答案：A。
解析：本题考查状语从句中时态，主句是将来时，故在once 引导的条件状语从句中用现在时表示将来时，而be settled 指生活安顿下来，故选A。
15．答案：C。
解析：原句意思是“我压根儿不曾想到你会给我带礼物来”。“没想到”当然是过去的动作，故排除B项，而D项的时态也不对；A项中didn’t think 表示“我并不认为---”与原句意思不符。第二空用were going to 表示过去将来时，与主句时态一致。
16．答案：A。
解析：It will be / was a long time before ------是个固定结构。
17．答案：D。
解析：主句中用现在完成时，若选A，主从句中时态不一致。若选B、C项表示听到Bob 回来或听到Bob 回来了，D项表示我听说Bob从非洲回来了，heard 后省去了that ，主从句时态一致。
18．答案：C。
解析：从句意来看，我到那儿时，她还没离开，而是正要离开，故选C。
19．答案：B。
解析：一般情况下条件从句中用现在时，主句用一般将来时。但本题中问句里有usually 一词，询问的是通常的情况，故用B。
20．答案D。
解析：从后半句was made to repeat it 可知，因为他没有被听懂，故用被动语态。
21．答案：D。
解析：本题中时间状语every day in the past four weeks 表示从过去某一时间到现在的四周里每天进行的动作，故用现在完成进行时，而主语the pupil 与keep 之间是被动关系，故用be kept busy doing 结构。
22．答案：C。
解析：原句意思是“Tom 来看我时我刚穿好衣服，正准备离开。”故选C。
23．答案：D。
解析：答句中用过去时表示在你征询我的意见前我没有及时说，故用D。
24．答案：C。
解析：从I shouldn’t have been so rude to you 一句可看出，对方是为自己在过去某一时候的无礼举动表示歉意，故发脾气这一动作发生在过去，但不用过去完成时或进行时，C项中用did lose 表示强调。
25．答案：C。
解析：由时间状语by next Saturday 可知，时态应用将来完成时，选C。
26．答案：C。
解析：答句中for a while 暗示要用完成时，此处显然用过去完成时；第二空用过去进行时指妈妈进来时我正在看书。
27．答案：C。
解析：从答句before my arrival 可知，本题问句应用过去时，而第二空显然是指过去的过去发生的动作，故选C。
28．答案：A。
解析：用现在进行时表示现在的情况。我此时感到疼痛。
29．答案：A。
解析：句中yet 一词暗示问句应用现在完成时。
30．答案：B。
解析：Alice 现已回来了，人不在外地，故不用have / has / had gone ;而本句第一分句讲Alice 是前天回来的，故问的该是在前天以前上哪儿了，因此选B，用过去完成时。
【能力提高题】
1． 答案：D。
解析：因为现在你身上的毛衣里外穿反了，由此推断当时你很匆忙。
2． 答案：A。
解析：in case 引导的是条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用现在时，因为前边有be upset ，故用be 动词is ，后面省略upset。
3． 答案：B。
解析：从后句可知，我手头还有一点钱，但很快要用完了，故用B项，进行时表示将来时。
4． 答案：D。
解析：until then 表示到过去某一时候为止，故用过去完成时。
5． 答案：A。
解析：第一空应填主句的谓语动词，故排除B、C。第二空作介词to 的宾语；foreign friends 与show around 之间是被动关系，故选A。
6． 答案：D。
解析：本题考查的是主动语态表示被动语态的用法。动词open 表示主语的属性特征，类似的动词还有close ,read ,write , sell , wash ,dry 等，一般都用主动式表示被动含义。
7． 答案：B。
解析：mind 后接动名词，故排除C项。I 与leave 之间应体现被动关系，故在B、D中选。第二空不定式作定语，因为句中有执行read 的主语I ，故用主动式。
8． 答案：C。
解析：dry 指主语material 的属性特征，应用主动形式表示被动含义。此时它是不及物动词，故用副词修饰；第二空prove 是连系动词，所以选C。
9． 答案：C。
解析：“忘了为你寄信”是过去的动作，故用B、C。而B项中I’m going to post 表示“打算去寄”不符合上句的语境。
10．答案：D。
解析：从时间状语for a long time 可知到说话时为止很长时间邮递员未被见到了。故用现在完成时。
11．答案：B。
解析：将来进行时will / shall be doing sth. 可用于表达预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作，在一般情况下可和一般将来时换用，用将来时则显得更加委婉。
12．答案：D。
解析：was / were to do sth..表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的事。
13．答案：B。
解析：答语的含义是：“No, I don’t know it until you have told me”. Till / until 从句中常用一般时或现在完成时。
14．答案：B。
解析：happen 是不及物动词，无被动语态，又由于before 引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故选B。
15．答案：D。
解析：“男孩被车撞了。”
16．答案：B。
解析：seat 是及物动词，表示“坐下”应用be seated 或seat oneself .
17．答案：D 。
解析：D项表示“正在被修复”。
18．答案：C。
解析：feel 为连系动词，作“摸上去，觉得”解，无被动语态。
19．答案：A。
解析：keep 表示“（水果、食物）保质，保持新鲜”，在此处是不及物动词。
20．答案：A。
解析：It is the first (second / third---)time that 后从句中用完成时态，主句是现在时，故从句用现在完成时。
21．答案：D。
解析：once 引导的是条件状语从句，故用现在时，主句应用将来时，因此选D。
22．答案：C。
解析：原句意思是“他们才喝了一会儿的酒，这时就捎来了口信。”came 是过去时，drink 是到came 动作为止一直进行的动作，故用过去完成时。
23．答案：D。
解析：D项是固定结构。
24．答案：B。
解析：在“Here I am at last”之前“我很担心”。所以用一般过去时。Be worried 后可跟that 从句，注意：在be worried about 后不可跟that 从句。
25．答案：C。
解析：对“寄信一事我忘了”，用一般过去时即可。
26．答案：A。
解析：前一空应用didn’t know 表示以前不知道，后一空为目前的决定，要去看望她，所以用will .
27.答案：D。
解析：本句中的it 是代词，指时间，when 引导的是时间状语，而不是定语从句。若选C，则应在twelve o’clock 前加介词at ,这样构成强调句式。
28．答案：B。
解析：“你把地图放在哪儿啦？”侧重我现在找不到它了，是过去的动作对现在的影响，回答是“我把它就放在这儿的。”但现在我也不知道它在哪儿。就是一个过去的动作，对现在没有影响。
29．答案：B。
解析：此句为复杂特殊疑问句，即疑问词+do you think (believe / suppose / expect / imagine 等)+其他（陈述语序）？
30．答案：C。
解析：说话时动作正在进行，come true 为不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
【高考冲刺题】
1． 答案：D。
解析：always 常与进行时连用，表示某种反复的动作，往往表示不满、责备、赞扬等。didn’t like 发生在过去，故选 d。
2． 答案：B。
解析：当时他在听收音机。
3． 答案：B。
解析：if 引导的虚拟语气的从句。
4． 答案：B。
解析：表示从过去直到现在持续不断的动作。
5． 答案：D。
解析：had wanted to do 表示过去打算做某事但没有做成，过去进行时表示过去某段时间正在做的事情。
6． 答案：C。
解析：价格到说话时已下降，故用现在完成时。
7． 答案：C。
解析：dream 是从某时开始一直延续到现在还在进行的动作。
8． 答案：B。
解析：本句还是考查主动语态表示被动语态的用法。
9． 答案：C。
解析：“据说------”在英语中可用“ It is / was said that sb. / sth. --- ”句型来表示。该句型可变成：sb. / sth. is/ was said to --- 句式。因此本句应填不定式结构，drive 与kill 之间是被动关系，故选C。
10．答案：D。
解析：固定句式。因主句为过去时，所以从句用过去完成时。
11．答案：A。
解析：recently 一词一般用在现在完成时态，故选A。
12．答案：B。
解析：the moment 可作为连词词组引导时间状语从句，并且从句中用现在时表示将来时。
13．答案：D。
解析：Kate 昨天就到家了，所以打听她在此以前去哪儿，用D项。
14．答案：B。
解析：be to do 结构在条件状语从句中表示“如果想，如果要---”，故选B。
15．答案：B。
解析：were to 在此句中表示相对于十年前来说将要发生的事，相当于过去将来时。原句的意思是“十年前没有人可能会料到我们厂的电视机会在市场上占有如今这个地位。”
16．答案：D。
解析：从Would you repeat that question ?一句可知“我刚才不在听”。故选D。
17．答案：D。
解析：每两周上小提琴课是到目前为止一直进行的动作，而且是反复做的习惯动作，该动词还需要延续到本月底，所以应用现在完成进行时。
18．答案：A。
解析：做完作业是在你昨晚打电话时刚完成的动作，故选A。
19．答案：A。
解析：宝宝平时一直吃得不多，所以显得太瘦。
20．答案：C。
解析：从语境来判断，本题中的just now 指此时，现在=right now 或at this moment .故用现在进行时。
21．答案：D。
解析：我自行车还没修好，因而对现在造成的影响是现在还不能用，我只好打的过来。因此本题应用现在完成时，而不用一般过去时。
22．答案：C。
解析：现在进行时指现阶段正在进行的动作。根据题意：“我只是在帮忙，直到新秘书到位为止。”故用C项。
23．答案：B。
解析：always 用于进行时表示一种感情色彩，此处表示“抱怨”。
24．答案：D。
解析：时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来时。
25．答案：C。
解析：到车站是半个小时前的动作，yet 表示到现在火车还没到，故选C。
26．答案：B。
解析：stay 在此处是连系动词。
27．答案：B。
解析：cry 是过去的动作，而lose 是在此以前的动作，故用过去完成时。
28．答案：A。
解析：be to blame 一般表示主语与blame 之间的被动关系，若选D项，应用被动语态should be blamed.
29．答案：B。
解析：条件从句中是现在时，主句应用将来时，job与lose 之间是被动关系，故选B。
30．答案：C。
解析：首先，cut 是及物动词，与主语间应体现被动关系，故排除A。 文中 “at such a great speed that they will disappear ---in the near future”,表示目前正以惊人的速度被砍伐，因此应用现在进行时的被动语态。
责任编辑：李芳芳