重点词语用法
1．lay的用法
lay[lei]vt. 放置；摆放。它是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均为laid。例如：
①He laid the envelope on the table.
他把信封放在桌子上。
②She was ill and laid herself in bed all day long.
她病了，整天躺在床上。
③Please lay these desks along, not across.
这些书桌请顺着放，别横着放。
④In order to lay a solid foundation they work hard at English.
为了打下坚实的基础，他们刻苦地学习英语。
⑤The boy lying on the ground lied that he had laid the dictionary on the table.
躺在地板上的那个男孩谎称他把词典放在桌子上了。
2．动词book的用法
book[buk] vt. 订(票、座位、房间等)。例如：
①I have booked a room on the first floor.
我已经在一楼订了个房间。
②Have they booked ticket for the wonderful film?
他们已经订了那部精彩影片的票了吗？
③You can book the seats for the theatre in the early morning.
一大早你就可以预定剧院的座位。
④I want to book the plane ticket to Jinan.
我想订张去济南的飞机票。
3．determine的用法
determine [di't+min]v.其后通常接不定式短语、从句或介词短语，意为“决心，决定”(=decide; make up one's mind)。例如：
①We determined to finish the work ahead of time.
我们决定提前完成工作。
②I haven't determined when we will hold the meeting.
我还没有决定什么时候召开这次会议。
③Did he determine on an early start?
他决定早点动身了吗？
【注意】determine的过去分词形式determined通常用作表语，其后跟不定式短语或从句。例如：
①If he is determined to do something, nobody can stop him from doing so.
如果他决定做某事，任何人也无法阻止他去做。
②All the students in our class are determined to learn English well.
我班所有的同学都决心学好英语。
③His brother was determined to give us some advice on English grammar.
他哥哥决定给我们提一些关于英语语法的建议。
④Our teacher was determined that no one should fall behind this term.
我们老师下决心这学期不让一个人掉队。
4．promise的用法
promise['pr&mis] vt.“答应；允诺”。其后通常可跟名词、代词、
不定式或that从句等。例如：
①They promised an immediate help.
他们答应立即给予帮助。
②He promised us a present for our party.
他答应晚会上送我们一件礼物。
③I promised to help the people in need of help.
我答应帮助那些需要帮助的人们。
④I promise my daughter that I shall buy her a new toy in Beijing.
我答应我女儿给她在北京买一件新玩具。
⑤He that promises too much means nothing.
[谚语]许愿太多的人是不打算兑现的。
5．absent
1)absent是形容词，相当于not present, away，作“不在，缺席”解，常用作表语。
absent from school 未到校
asbsent from work 未上班
absent from duty 缺勤
absent on business 因事缺勤
absent on a tour 外出旅游
absent with leave 请假缺席
absent without leave 无故缺席
2)其名词形式为absence。
①His repeated absence is worrying.
他一再缺课令人担忧。
②In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge.
经理不在时，由我负责。
3)absence of mind是“心不在焉”的意思。absent-minded意为“心不在焉的，健忘的”，用作形容词。
①It was absence of mind that made him insensible to all that was passing around him. 由于他心不在焉，他一点也不知道周围发生的事。
②He became absent-minded with age.
因上了年纪他变得丢三落四的。
6．consider
1)consider作“考虑”解时，后面接动名词或从句，不可接不定式。
①He considered going to see them in person.
他考虑亲自去看望他们。
②Have you considered how you could get there?
你是否考虑过如何到哪儿。
2)consider 作“认为”解时可接从句或不定式复合结构。
①We considered that you are not to blame.
我们认为不该责怪你。
②We considered him(to be) the best.
我们认为他最好。
③She is considered to lack experience.
人们认为她经验不足。
④He will be considered a wise leader.
他将会被认为是个明智的领导。
7．holiday ＆ vacation
1)通常情况下，我们用单数holiday表示一两天的短假期，较长时间的多用 a holiday或 holidays.
① We've got a holiday next month. 下月我们休假。
②I had to work on Bank Holiday Monday.
星期一公休，可是我还得上班。
③Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)? 夏季假期你去哪儿？
2)以下词组中总用单数：
three weeks' holiday
on holiday, on vacation.
3)vacation 在英国英语中用于大学的假期。在美国英语中用来指长时期的休假才用 vacation.
8．名词way的几种用法
way在这里作“方法”解释，只有单数形式，其前的介词用in，不能用by或with, 如 way前面有this, that或形容词性物主代词时，介词可省去。如：
①He always speaks in a careless way.
他说起话来总是漫不经心。
②Do it any way you like.
你爱怎么干就怎么干。
③I think you are putting it together the wrong way.
我认为你把它装错了。
④You should do it(in) his way.
你应该按照他的方式去做这件事。
⑤Do it(in) your own way if you don't like my way.
如果你不喜欢我的方式，按照你自己的方式做那件事吧！
⑥The work must be finished(in)one way or another.
这件工作必须设法做好。
way作为“方法”、“方式”解释时，其后可跟不定式或of短语作定语。两者基本相同。如：
①Man is trying to find ways to stop pollution.
人类正努力寻找制止污染的方法。
②He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一个别出心裁的方式使他的课生动有趣。
③There is no way to prove he was stealing money.
无法证明他在偷钱。
④There is no way of getting in touch with her.
无法与她取得联系。 但要注意 way of后面不能接名词，如后接名词，则不用 way of, 而要用 means of来代替。如：
①I've tried all possible means of communication.
我已经用了一切可能的联系办法。(此句不能说…ways of communication)
②We express our thoughts by means of language.
我们通过语言表达思想。(不能说 ways of language)
请注意 in the way和 on the way的区别，in the way意为“障碍”，或阻止你到想去的地方的人或物；on the way意为“在途中”。试比较：
①Don't stand in the way. 别挡路(或不要妨碍人)。
②Let's not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。
重要词组短语
1．in charge of ＆ in the charge of
1)in charge of sth. 意为“负责某事”。
①He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
经理不在，他负责这家商店。
②Mary is in charge of the baby.
玛丽负责照料这个婴儿。
2)in the charge of sb. 意为“在某人的掌管之下”。
①This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.
此间病房由格林医生负责。
②The patients are in the charge of Dr. Wilson.
这些病人由威尔逊大夫治疗。
2．in common意为“与……有共同之处；和……一样”；“共有；公用”。
例如：
①They have the same teacher, so they have many things in common.
他们同出一师，所以有许多共同之处。
②In common with her mother, she is good at singing and dancing.
和她妈妈一样，她擅长唱歌和跳舞。
③The teacher in our group have books and dictionaries in common.
我们组的老师公用这些书和词典。
④My brother and I have the motor in common.
我和哥哥共有这辆摩托车。
3．get in touch with 意为“与……取得联系”；lose touch with意为“丧失了与……的联系” ；keep in touch with意为“与……保持联系”。例如：
①We have got in touch with each other by telephone.
我们已经通过电话联系上了。
②They had great trouble in getting in touch with their father abroad.
他们费了很大劲才与国外的爸爸取得了联系。
③They keep in touch with each other by mail.
他们通过写信保持联系。
④We have made many foreign friends but we have lost touch with some of them.
我们认识许多外国朋友，但是有些已经丧失了联系。
4．worry about(trouble about)意为“担心；烦恼”，常与名词、代词或动词-ing形式连用。例如：
①Don't worry about my health, I can take good care of myself.
不要为我的健康担心，我会照顾好自己的。
②It seemed as if the young man had something to worry about.
那个年轻人好象在为什么事发愁。
③First of all, don't worry about being short.
首先，不要为个矮烦恼。
【注意】worry的形容词形式为worried, 意为“焦虑的，烦恼的，担心的”。例如：
①He has a worried look. 他有一副烦恼的样子。
②What's the matter? Why do you look so worried?
有什么事？你为什么看上去这样焦虑？
5．turn up 意为“来(开会、赴约等)，出席”。例如：
①He was expecting her at ten, but she didn't turn up.
他指望她十点来，她却没来。
②They didn't turn up because they failed to catch the first bus.
由于没有赶上早班汽车，他们没有来。
③They were very glad I turned up so early.
他们很高兴我来得这么早。
④There are 150 people to turn up for the conference.
将有150人参加这次会议。
【注意】turn up还通常作“(把收音机等)开大点”解。例如：
①Turn up the radio a little in order that I can hear the programme .
把收音机音量开大一点，以便我能听见节目。
②They closed the door and turned up the lamp.
他们关上门，把灯拨亮了一些。
6．or rather 意为“或者”
当我们想要纠正已经说过的话，或欲使已说过的话更确切，我们常用or rather 这一表达方式。如：
①He is a writer, or rather a novelist.
他是一个作家，或者更确切地说是一位小说家。
②The building is like a palace, or rather a temple.
这幢建筑物象一座宫殿，或者更确切地说象一座庙宇。
③He worked till late last night, or rather, early this morning.
他昨晚一直工作到深夜，或者更确切地说，到今天凌晨。
④Karl is very clever, or rather a hardworking boy.
卡尔很聪明，或者更确切地说是一个很勤奋的孩子。
7．be up to的用法
1)be up to 意为“从事于”、“忙于”， to 是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。如：
①What is he up to? 他在做什么？
②What tricks has she been up to?
她一直在玩什么把戏？
③He is up to no good.
他正在做无益之事。
④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.
去看看这些顽皮男孩在做什么？
2)be up to sb. 意为“应由某人负责”，常用 It作主语。如：
①It is up to you to decide whether to go or stay.
该由你来决定是走还是留。
②It's up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应尽力给他们帮助。
③It is up to me to get the four of us moving.
该由我来召集我们四个人行动起来。
④It's up to you to choose where we should go.
我们要去的地点由你负责选择。
3)be up to亦可作“胜任”、“适于”解释。
①He is not up to his work.
他不胜任他的工作。
②I don't feel up to going to work today.
我今天有点不适，不去工作了。
③This new book of Green's isn't up to his last.
格林的这本新书不及他本人的前一本书。
④The product is up to standard. 这产品符合标准。
4)be up to还可作“直到”、“以至”解释。如：
up to now 直到现在
count from one up to twenty 从一数到二十
常用句型结构
1．The first person is angry about something.
be angry with sb. for/about sth./doing sth.为某事与某人生气/恼火。如：
①I was angry with myself for making such stupid mistake.
我因为犯了这么蠢的错误而生自己的气。
②Don't be angry with me for not having written back.
别因为我没写回信而生我的气。
③What are you angry about? 你生的是哪门子气？
④He was angry at finding that nothing has been done.
他发现什么也没干而感到生气。
⑤I got very angry at what he said. 我对他说的话感到很恼火。
2．与rather有关的几个句式
1)would/had rather do, 表示主观上的愿望和选择，意为“宁愿……”。
①I would rather not go out tonight, if you don't mind.
如果你不介意，我今晚宁愿不出去。
②I'd rather stay at home and watch TV.
我宁愿留在家里看电视。
③Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
你喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡？
2)had/would rather + sb. + 动词过去式。意为“宁愿某人做某事”。表示对于现在或将来的一种愿望。
①I had rather you did it. 我宁愿你做了这事。
②You always go without me, and I'd rather you didn't.
你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
③----Tony is leaving by the 10 o'clock train.
----I'd rather he left on an earlier train.
“托尼将乘10点的火车离开。”“我倒宁愿他乘前一班火车。”
3)had/would rather sb. +动词的过去完成式，意为“宁愿某人曾做过某事”，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
①I'd rather he had told me about it.
我倒宁愿他告诉了我这件事。
②I've spent too much money on travelling. I'd rather you hadn't.
我在旅游上花费太大。但愿你没有这样做。
4)would/had rather do than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”表示选择偏爱前者。
①I would rather try and fail than gave up the plan.
我宁愿试了失败了，也不愿放弃计划。
②He had rather give up his house than sell his car.
他宁愿放弃房屋，也不愿卖车。
5)prefer to do rather than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”。
①I prefer to work rather than remain idle.
我宁愿工作，也不愿闲着。
②I prefers to write to her rather than telephone her.
我喜欢写信给她，而不愿打电话给她。