Unit 12 Book 2 Language Points

发布时间:2016-6-18编辑:互联网

重点词语用法

1.suggest 的用法

1)suggest用作及物动词,后接名词、动名词或名词性从句。从句中的谓语形式多为should加动词原形,should可以省略。

①He suggested our returning home as soon as possible.

他建议我们尽快回家。

②He suggested a plan.

他提出了一个计划。

③I suggested that he(should)do it.

我建议他做那件事。

2)suggest作及物动词,表示“暗示,表明”,后面也加that从句,但不用should do 形式。

①Her appearance suggests that she is living a happy life.

她的样子显示她生活得很幸福。

②His yawns suggested that he would like to go to bed.

他哈欠连天,说明他该上床睡觉了。

2.fire 的用法

fire作用物质名词表示“火”时是不可数名词,一般不加冠词。

①There is no smoke without fire.

无风不起浪。

②Keep away from fire!

切勿近火!

▲表示“火灾”时,fire用作可数名词。

①A fire broke out yesterday.

昨天发生了一场火灾。

②Forest fires are common in North America.

北美的森林火灾很普遍。

③The fire was soon put out.

火很快扑灭了。

▲set fire to 意为“放火烧”,“使情绪激动”。

①He set fire to his house before he took a flight.

他逃跑前放火烧了房子。

②He set the audience on fire.

他使听众情绪激昂。

▲catch fire作“着火,燃烧,激动起来”解。

①First the curtains caught fire and then the bed-clothes.

窗帘首先着火了,接着被褥也着火了。

②The audience caught fire at his words.

观众听了他的话群情激昂。

▲go through fire and water作“赴汤蹈火”解。

They were always ready to go through fire and water for the sake of the Chinese people's liberation.

他们随时准备为中国人民的解放而赴汤蹈火。

3.情态动词 might的用法

1)might是may的过去式,但只有在过去时间的语境中,might才表示过去的“许可”。

①They assured us that we might come and go as we pleased.

他们向我们保证,我们可以来去自由。

②She asked if she might go home then.

她询问那时是否可以回家。

2)在过去时间的语境中,might可表示过去的“可能”。

①He explained he might be late for school because of a traffic jam.

他解释到,他上学可能会因交通堵塞而迟到。

②He said he might be working late that night.

他说那天晚上他可能工作到深夜。

3)如果不出现在过去时间的语境中,might仅表示一种婉转口气。

①We might ask John to chair the meeting.

我们不妨请约翰主持会议。(试探性的建议)

②You might take these letters to the post office for me.

你可否把我的几封信带到邮局发掉。(客气的请求)

4.battle, war, fight & struggle

1)war指国家间的战争总体。

①They are at war with the country.

他们正在与该国交战。

②War is not the best way to settle quarrels between different countries.

战争不是解决国与国之间争端的最好方法。

2)battle 指war中的各个战役。

①He died in the battle of Waterloo.

他死于滑铁卢战役。

②They all went out to battle.

他们全部奔赴战场了。

3)fight 指具体的争斗,可以有兵器,也可以没有,可以指人之间,亦可指动物之间的争斗。

①They fought for freedom.

他们为自由而战。

②England fought against Germany.

英国和德国打仗。

4)struggle指较长时期的,激烈的争斗,往往指肉体上、精神上的战斗。

①He struggled with the thief.

他与窃贼搏斗。

②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.

他们必须与气候、野兽抗争以求生存。

5.when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然……”(”and then;and just at that time);“正在……时,突然”。注意这时不能将when所引导的句子放在句首。例如:

①An Arab was walking along in the desert when he met two men.

一个阿拉伯人正独自在沙漠中走,这时他碰见两个人。

②I was Just coming to see you when I ran into Wilson.

我正要去看你,这时我碰到威尔逊。

③Peter was on his way home when two boys stopped him.

彼得正往家走,突然两个男孩拦住了他。

6.speed的用法

speed用作抽象意义,表示“速度,速率”时为不可数名词;而当表示具体的以某种速度行驶时,则为可数名词,多在前面加不定冠词a。

①The speed of light is faster than that of sound.

光速比音速要快。

②The motor-bike is gaining speed.

那辆摩托车在加快速度。

③He ran at an average speed at the beginning of the race.

在比赛开始时他以中速赛跑。

④Drivers are required to drive at a safe speed on the twisting roads in the mountain.

要求司机们在蜿蜒曲折的山路上以安全的速度行车。

⑤The police car is running with a maximum speed.

警车正以最快的速度行驶。

⑥A student was required to have a speed of 500 words per minute in speed-reading.

在快速阅读中要求学生每分钟读500字。

▲at speed意为“高速地,迅速地”。

①The ambulance is running at speed with alarms.

救护车鸣笛急驰。

②She finished typewriting the letter at speed.

她迅速打好那封信。

▲at full/top speed表示“全速,最快速度”。

①The militant trucks ran to the front at full speed.

军车全速开往前线。

②The first-aid medical team got to the spot of the accident at top speed.

急救医疗队以最快速度赶到事故现场。

③The runners dashed to the finish at top speed.

赛跑运动员以最快的速度冲向终点。

▲speed可用作动词,意为“迅速前进,快行”。

①The destroyer sped through wind and waves.

那艘驱逐舰顶风斩浪向前行驶。

②She sped home the moment she was told that her husband fell ill suddenly.

刚一听说丈夫突然病倒,她便马上奔回家去。

③He sped the car through the streets.

他加快车速,穿过一条条街道。

▲speed up意“(使)加快,(使)加速”等,其过去式和过去分词多用speeded。

①He speeded up the engine.

他加快了发动机的速度。

②Many cities have speeded up in house building to meet the demand.

许多城市在建房中加快速度,以满足要求。

7.warn的用法

warn基础用法如下:1)warn sb.of(或 about)sth.警告某人某事;2)warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人(不)要做某事;3)warn sb.against sth.(或 doing sth.)警告某人不要做某事;4)warn(sb.)that…警告(某人)某事。例如:

①I warned you of the danger, didn't I?

我给你说了有危险,不是吗?

②Doctor warned people not to smoke.

医生警告人们不要吸烟。

③They warned him against swimming in river.

他们告戒他不要在那条河里游泳。

④The weather station warned that a storm was coming.

气象台预报有暴风雨来临。

8.as的用法

as可以作连词、介词及关系代词。现将as的用法小结。如下:

1)作连词:

(1)作“当……的时候”解,引起时间状语从句,与while相近,强调两个动作同时发生,或某事一发生,另一事立即发生。例如:

①As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks.

她一边唱歌,一边流泪。

②I startled as he opened the door.

他一开门,我吓了一跳。

(2)作“因为”,“由于”解,引起原因状语从句,与because相近。例如:

①I must stop writing now,as I have rather a lot of work to do.

我必须停笔了,因为我还有许多工作要做。

②As Jim liked walking, we started off on foot.

因为吉姆喜欢走路,所以我们就步行出发了。

(3)作“如”,“像”解,引起方式状语从句,或比较状语从句。例如:

①You should do as the teacher tells you to do.

你应该像教师教你的那样去做。(方式状语)

②He speaks English just as Americans do.

他说英语就像美国人说英语一样。(方式状语)

③The weather was not so wet as it is today.

过去的天气不像现在这样潮湿。(比较状语)

④The Christmas tree is almost as tall as the room.

这棵圣诞树差不多同这间房子一般高。(比较状语)

▲另外,经常用在 as…as possible的结构中。例如:

⑤Read the story as quickly as possible.(” Read the story as quickly as you can.)尽快地阅读这篇故事。

⑥They watered the trees as often as possible. (”They watered the trees as often as they could.)

他们尽可能经常给树浇水。

2)用作介词:

(1)作“如”,“像”解,引起方式状语从句,或比较状语从句。例如:

①They got united as one man.

他们团结得像一个人一样。

②She spoke of me as her dearest friend.

她谈起我来就像我是她最亲密的朋友似的。

(2)作“充当”,“作为”解。例如:

③He was famous as a soldier.

作为军人,他很有名望。

④English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.

在澳大利亚,大多数人把英语作为第一语言。

3)用作关系代词:在“the same as”和 as follows这类结构中的as都是作关系代词。

9.as,when与while的用法区别

1)while常表示一段较长时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。例如:

①Work while you work. Play while you play.

工作时工作,玩耍时玩耍。

2)when当……时候,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。例如:

①When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the streets were still on.

钟敲十二时,街上所有的灯仍亮着。

②When he was at college, he studied hard.

他在大学时,学习很努力。

3)as当……时候,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生,经常翻译为“一面……一面……”。例如:

①The students sang the English song as they went along.

学生们边走边唱那首英语歌曲。

10.noise,voice和 sound的用法区别

1)sound作“声音”解,可以指一切声音。如:

①He heard a strange sound from behind.

他听到背后有一个奇怪的声音。

②It was such a weak sound that we could hardly hear it.

它是那么微弱的声音,我们几乎听不到。

③Can you hear a sharp sound from a long distance?

你听到远处的尖叫声了吗?

④The beautiful sound of music moved him greatly.

优美的音乐深深地感动了他。

2)noise(”loud and unpleasant sound)意为“噪声”。

特指不悦耳的声音。它即可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。例如:

①Noise is another kind of pollution.

噪音是另外一种污染。

②The people who usually hear very loud noises have their hearing hurt.

经常听很大噪音人的听力受到了伤害。

3)voice作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音。例如:

①Don't shout at the top of your voice.

不要可着喉咙高喊。

②They didn't recognize my voice on the telephone.

他们在电话中没有听出我的声音。

③Do you know the girl who has a sweet voice?

你认识那位声音很甜美的姑娘吗?

重要词组短语

1.the other day(” a few days ago)意为“前几天”。例如:

①They sent me a letter from abroad the other day.

前几天他们给我从国外发来了一封信。

②The other day, when I was walking along the street, I met one of my old school friends.

前几天当我在街上散步的时候,我遇见了我的一个老校友。

2.think of意为“想到,记得;思考,关心”。例如:

①Who first thought of the idea?

谁先想到那个主意的?

②All at once he thought of a way.

他突然想到一个办法。

③I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

我正想着这些的时候,听到(老师)叫我的名字。

④He had us in mind all the time and we thought of him constantly.

他时刻关怀着我们,我们也经常惦念着他。

3.go +doing结构表示“去干某事”的意思,多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。例如:

go boating 去划船

go climbing去等山

go fishing 去钓鱼

go hunting去打猎

go dancing去跳舞

go swimming去游泳

go shopping去买东西

go walking去散步

4.30cm by 30cm by 50cm是体积的表示法,也可以写成30cm×30cm×50cm。乘号(×)读作by。介词 by在这里表示相乘以计面积或体积。例如:

①They have built a bird cage 2m×3m×5m.

他们做了一个2米宽3米长5米高的鸟笼。

②I want a piece of paper 3 inches by 5 inches.

我想要一张3英寸宽5英寸长的纸。

③The room is forty feet by twenty.

房间长40英尺宽20英尺。

5.turn off 意为“关掉(电灯、水源、煤气等)”。例如:

①Make sure to turn off the lights before you leave the office.

在你离开办公室之前,一定要关掉电灯。

②Please turn off the water.请把自来水关上。

6.“be about to + 不定式”结构表示“即刻就要发生/做的事”。例如:

①They were about to start when it rained.

他们刚要出发,天就下起雨来。

②We are about to attend a meeting.

我们将要参加会议。

【注意】在这种结构中,不能用表示时间的副词来修饰,若说成:I am about to leave next week.则是错误的,应去掉修饰词 next week。

7.at that very moment中的very是形容词,用来加强语气,意为“正好”、“就在”。例如:

①That's the very thing I need.

那正是我需要的东西。

②The hotel stands in the very centre of the town.

那家饭店位于城市的正中心。

③He did it under my very eyes.

他就是在我的眼皮底下干这件事。

8.held one's breath 意为“(由于紧张、激动、害怕等)屏住气,不出声”。例如:

①The audience held their breath when the prizes were to be given.

在颁奖之前,观众都紧张得屏住了气。

②We held our breath at the exciting news.

听到这一令人兴奋的消息时,我们都屏住了气。

9.“go + adj.”表示“转变成……”,go是连系动词,作“变得”解。这个结构常表示情况变坏。例如:

①The machines go wrong.

机器出了毛病。

②He went almost mad when he heard the news.

他听到这个消息时几乎发疯了。

③His illness is going worse.

他的病情正在恶化。

10.run out of sth.

run out of sth.意为“(供应品)用完、耗尽;(人)用完”。

①The petrol is running out.

汽油快用光了。

②We are running out of time.

我们剩下的时间不多了。

③Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out of them.

给我一支烟好吗?我的烟已经抽完了。

11.so as to/in order to常用来表示目的,构成动词不定式短语,其否定形式是so as not to/in order not to。例如:

①He got up very early so as to catch the first bus.

他起的很早,以便赶上第一班公共汽车。

②He worked very hard in order to catch up with the top student in our class.

他工作很努力,以便赶上我班最好的同学。

③I'm going to make an early start so as not to get stuck in the traffic.

我要早点动身,以免碰上交通堵塞。

④He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife.

他轻轻地进来,为了不把他妻子吵醒。

12.attract one's attention意为“引起某人的注意”。例如:

①What I said didn't attract his attention.

我所说的话没有引起他的注意。

②Heze peony flowers attract many foreigners' attention.

菏泽牡丹吸引了众多外宾的注意力。

13.before long(” soon)意为“不久”,既可与过去时连用,也可与将来时连用;long before中 before若作副词,long before(”long ago)意为“很久以前”,常与过去时连用。例如:

①I'll be seeing you before long.

不久,我就会见到你。

②He left Wuhan long before.

他很久以前就离开了武汉。

③It will be long before he arrives.

还要很久,他才能到达。(本句中before为连词。)

14.a sleeping lion意为“睡狮”。其中sleeping为动词-ing形式,用作定语,相当于定语从句(” a lion that is sleeping)。又如:

①Let the sleeping dog lie.

让睡觉的狗躺着。(或:不要惹是生非。)

②He entered the room quietly so as not to wake the sleeping child.

他静静地走进了房间,以便不惊醒睡觉的孩子。

【常用句型结构】

1.句型“the +形容词比较级,the +形容词比较级”意思是“越……越……”。例如:

①The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.

你越听英语,它变的越容易。

②The more you learn, the more you want to learn.

你越学越想学。

③The bigger the computer is, the more expensive it is.

电脑越大,就越昂贵。

④The harder the work is, the more interesting I find it.

工作越难我觉得越有意思。

2.It is + adj.+(或for sb.)to do sth.可看作一个句型,其中it为形式主语。真正的主语为动词不定式短语或动词不定式复合结构。例如:

①It is very important for us to learn English well.

对我们来说学好英语很重要。

②It was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.

对楼上的人来说,要逃掉是不可能的。

3.目的状语从句总结

1)目的状语从句的关联词有so,so that,in order that等。

目的状语从句常用情态动词may(might),有时亦用shall(should)和will(would),亦可用can(could)。

①I'll ring him up at once so he shouldn't wait for me.

我马上给他挂电话,让他别等我了。

②He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.

他画了一张村子的草图,以便她会容易找到他的房子。

③I lent him £500 in order that he might go for a holiday.

我借给他500英镑,让他去度假。

2)so that和 in order that引导的目的状语从句被强调时,可置于句首。

①So that the coming generation can learn the martial arts, he has recently devoted much time to writing books on the subject.

为了下一代能够学会这些武术,他近来花了许多时间著书立说。

②In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.

为了让这些花草能再开花,这些石头必须搬走。

3)in case,for fear(that)也可以引导目的状语从句,但有否定意义,意谓“以免,以防”。

①Take your umbrella,in case it rains.

带上伞,以防下雨。

②He took an umbrella with him for fear it might rain.

他带了一把伞,以防下雨。