重点词语用法
1．fault与mistake
1)fault指“缺点，毛病，过错，过失”。
①I like him despite his faults.
虽然他有种种缺点，可我仍然喜欢他。
②Who's fault is this? Mine, I'm afraid.
这是谁的过错？恐怕是我的错。
2)mistake是指“误解，误会，错误，失策”。
①You can't arrest me！There must be some mistake.
你们不能逮捕我！一定是弄错了。
②The waiter made a mistake over the bill.
服务员把帐算错了。
③It was a big mistake to leave my umbrella at home.
把伞留在家里失策了。
2．run的用法
1)run表示“跑，奔跑，赛跑”。
①They turned and ran when they saw he had a gun.
他们看见他有枪转身就跑。
②The boy ran off as soon as we appeared.
我们一来，孩子们都跑了。
③She used to run when she was at college.
在大学时她经常练跑步。
④I have been running around town all morning looking for Christmas presents.
我在城里跑了一上午购买圣诞礼物。
2)run还可表示“(火车、汽车、轮船等)往来行驶”
①Buses to Oxford run every half hour.
去牛津的公共汽车每半小时一班。
②The trains don't run on Christmas Day.
圣诞节火车停驶。
③There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton.
伦敦和布莱顿之间火车班次很多。
3)run可用来表示“(液体)流动”。
①Could you run me a hot bath?
你给我放盆热水洗澡好吗？
②Who left the tap running?
谁忘了关水龙头了。
③The smoke makes my eyes run.
烟熏得我直流眼泪。
④You nose is running.
你又流鼻涕了。
4)run表示“(衣服上的染料或颜色)掉色，扩散”。
I'm afraid the color ran when I washed your new skirt.
很遗憾，你那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了。
5)run可表示“融化”。
①It was so hot that the butter ran.
天太热，黄油开始化了。
②The wax began to run.
蜡开始融化了。
6)run还可表示“负责、经营、管理”。
①He has no idea of how to run the successful business.
他不知道把企业办好的方法。
②Stop trying to run my life for me.
我的生活用不着你来管。
3．serve的用法
1)serve (sb) as sth. 表示“为(某人)工作，(尤指)当佣人”。
①He served as a gardener and chauffeur.
他做园艺工人兼司机。
②He has served his master for many years.
他伺候主人很多年了。
2)serve还可表示“供职，服役”。
①He served as a naval officer during the war.
战时他在海军当军官。
②He has served his country well.
他为国尽职。
3)serve sb.(with sth.). 表示“将(饭菜)端上桌。”
①Have all the guests been served with food and drink?
给所有客人都上了饭菜和饮品了吗？
②Four waiters served lunch for us.
有四位服务员招待我们吃午饭。
4)serve还可用于“(在商店等处)接待(顾客)或为顾客取货物”的意思中。
①Are you being served?
有售货员接待您吗？
②He served some sweets to the children.
他为孩子们拿来了他们想要的糖。
5)serve还指“(一份饭)够……”。
This packet of soup serves two.
这包汤料够两个人食用。
4．judge的用法
1)judge用作动词，表示作“断定，估计，认为”解。其后可带宾语从句，也可带不定式或形容词、名词等引导的宾补成分。
①We judge that they have finished.
我们估计他们已经干完了。
②We judge them to have finished.
我们估计他们已经干完了。
③She judged him about fifty.
她估计他在五十岁左右。
④The committee judged it better to start the investigation at once.
委员会认为最好立即开始此项调查。
⑤From his letter, we judged his visit to China a great success.
从他的来信判断他对中国的访问非常成功。
2)judge用作“判断，断定”解时，还可接wh-分句或wh-加不定式结构。
①I can't judge whether she was right or wrong.
我不能断定她是对还是错。
②He can't judge which one he likes better?
他不能断定他更喜欢哪一个。
③Can you judge which way to take?
你能判断应走哪条路吗？
3)judge还可表示“评判，评价”，可说judge sb./sth.。
①Don't judge a man by his looks.
勿以貌取人。
②I find it hard to judge the style of this painting from such a small portion.
我感到很难从如此小的一部分来评价这幅画的风格。
4)judging by/from…(从……来看，据……来判断)是惯用短语，可用来引导独立分句。
①Judging from his looks, he may be sick.
从他的外表看，他或许生病了。
②Judging by his accent, he must be from Guangdong.
听他的口音，准是个广东人。
③Judging from what you say, she ought to succeed.
从你说的情况来看，她应当能成功。
5．trouble的用法
1)trouble用作名词，既是可数的也是不可数的。
①Troubles never come single.
祸不单行。
②He has been through much trouble.
他已渡过许多困难。
③Thank you for all your trouble.
多谢你费心。
2)ask for trouble, 表示“自讨苦吃，自找麻烦”，类似的惯用法还有borrow trouble, look for trouble等。
①Forget about it, why borrow trouble.
忘掉它吧，为什么自寻烦恼呢？
②However, that is borrowing trouble.
然而，那是怨天尤人，自寻烦恼。
③Don't borrow trouble by worrying about next year. It's too far away.
不要为明年的事烦恼，那毕竟太遥远了。
④Tom drives fast on worn-out tires, he is asking for trouble.
汤姆用磨损的轮胎开快车，简直是自找麻烦。
3)be a trouble to sb. 表示“对某人是个麻烦”。
①I don't want to be a trouble to you.
我不想成为你的负担。
②Teaching seems a trouble to him.
教书对他好像是件麻烦事。
③She has always been a great trouble to her parents.
她一直是父母的大累赘。
4)be a trouble to do sth. 表示“干某事是件麻烦事”。
①Some dishes are very enjoyable to eat but a great trouble to prepare.
有些菜吃起来可口，但做起来很麻烦。
②It's a great trouble to carry these breakables.
带这些易碎品可真是件麻烦事。
5)go to the trouble of doing sth. 表示“不怕麻烦(干)……，特意(干)……”。
①John told Mr.Brown not to go to the trouble of driving him home.
约翰告诉伯朗宁先生不必麻烦开车送他回家。
②She went to the trouble of compiling a handbook for the students.
她不辞辛苦地替学生编了一本手册。
6)have trouble with表示“有病痛；同……闹纠纷”。
①She is having trouble with her teeth.
她的牙在痛。
②He has much trouble with his friends.
他与朋友闹纠纷。
7)have trouble to do sth. 表示“做某事很费力(事，心)”，与have trouble doing sth. 同义。
①I have much trouble to keep out of debt.
我费尽心机以免于负债。
②I have some trouble in reading her handwriting.
认她的笔迹，我觉得有些困难。
8)make trouble表示“闹事，捣乱”。
①Don't make trouble.
不要捣乱。
②If you don't listen to him, he will make trouble.
如果你不答应他，他会捣乱的。
9)make trouble for sb. 表示“给某人带来麻烦。”
①The unhappy boy makes trouble for his baby sitters.
那个不快乐的小孩常给临时保姆添麻烦。
②The boy makes trouble for his teacher.
这个男孩常给老师找麻烦。
10)take the trouble to do sth. 和take the trouble in doing sth. 同义，表示“费心(力，神)去做某事”。
①I'll do it for you since you take the trouble to ask me.
你既然不嫌烦地来求我，我一定帮你的忙。
②Can't you at least take the trouble to write a note of thanks?
难道你就不能至少费心写封感谢信吗？
③Thank you for the trouble you have taken in sending my son to us.
谢谢你不辞劳苦把儿子送到我们这儿。
11)take trouble about/over sth. 表示“用心去做某事”。
①The plan I took so much trouble about has fallen through.
我苦心经营的计划已归失败。
②The work is badly done; he didn't take much trouble over it.
这事做得很糟，他并没有用心去做。
12)get into trouble表示“陷入困境”；get out of trouble表示“摆脱困境”。
①I got into trouble through helping him.
我国帮助他而陷入困境。
②This will get you into trouble.
这将使你陷入困境。
③He has got out of trouble. 他已摆脱困境。
13)give sb. trouble, give trouble to sb. 和put sb. to trouble同义，都表示“麻烦某人，给某人添麻烦。”
①He gave me a good deal of trouble.
他给我添了大量麻烦。
②I'm sorry to put you to so much trouble.
我这样麻烦你真对不起。
③I've put you to much trouble, I'm afraid.
恐怕给你惹了不少麻烦。
14)in trouble表示“处于困境”之中，与get into trouble意思相近。
①He is in hopeless trouble.
他陷入无望的困境之中。
②He is a kind friend to everyone in trouble.
他是每一个患难人的好朋友。
15)no trouble是“没麻烦，不费事”的意思。
①It's no trouble at all. 毫不费事。
②No trouble at all, I assure you.
我保证一点儿也不费事。
16)at the trouble to do sth. 指“费心(力)干某事，特意干某事”。
①Gold is scarce and can only be mined at great trouble.
黄金稀有珍贵，只有付出巨大艰辛才能开采出来。
②Would you be at the trouble to ring the bell for me?
请您费神帮我按一下门铃，好吗？
17)save sb. trouble和spare sb. trouble同义，表示“省掉(某人的)麻烦”。
①His help has saved me trouble.
他的帮助省去了我很多麻烦。
②That will spare me much trouble.
那将省去我许多麻烦。
18)trouble可用作动词。
①His wound troubles him a great deal.
伤口把他折磨得很厉害。
②Oh, don't trouble, thanks.
啊，别麻烦了，多谢。
③Don't trouble about it. 别为此事费心了。
19)trouble一词常用于一些客气的说法。
①May I trouble you to shut the door?
劳驾请您把门关上好吗？
②May I trouble you for the salt?
麻烦您把盐递过来好吗？
③I'll trouble you for a second cup.
我想烦您再给我一杯。
④I'll trouble you to remember your own business.
抱歉，请你少管闲事好吗？
20)trouble sb. about/with sth.表示“以某事来打扰(烦恼)某人”。
①He is always troubling me about his unimportant business.
他总是以他不重要的事情来烦恼我。
②I'm much troubled with bad cold.
重感冒折磨得我很厉害。
21)trouble to do sth. 多用于否定句和疑问句。
①Why should I trouble to apologize?
我何必多事去道歉呢。
②Don't trouble to come out, please.
请留步，别出来了。
6．advise为及物动词，意为“忠告，劝告，建议”。基本用法如下：
1)接名词或代词：
①We asvise an early start.我们建议早点出发。
2)接由“宾语+不定式”构成的复合宾语：
②Doctors advised me to have my tooth pulled out.
大夫建议让我拔牙。
③I advised him to give up smoking, but I failed.
我劝他把烟戒掉，但我没有成功。
3)接由“宾语+疑问词+不定式”构成的双宾语：
④He advised her how to do it.
他建议她该怎么办。
4)接从句：
⑤I advise that you (should) go at once.
我建议你马上就去。
(5)接动词-ing形式：
⑥I advised his starting at once.
我建议他马上动身。
7．desire, hope, want与wish的用法区别
1)desire强调主观愿望的热切，带有要尽力争取的含义。
①We all desire peace and happiness.
我们都向往和平和幸福。
②She desires that you (should) come at once.
她盼你立刻就来。
2)hope除表示“希望”外，兼有“打算”的含义，表示对愿望的可能实现抱有一定信心。
①We hope to enlarge this factory and increase production.
我们希望扩大厂房，增加生产。
②I hope to see you soon.希望早日见面。
3)want是个常用词，只能说want to do sth., 或want sb.to do sth., 不可带宾语从句。
①Do you want to come back here ever again?
你还想不想再回来？
②Do you want him to come back here ever again?
你还想不想他再回来？
4)wish多表示不大可能实现的愿望，或用于祝愿语。后面可以跟宾语加宾补形式(hope不可以)。
①I wish that he would be well soon.
但愿他很快会好起来。
②I wish him well. 祝他身体健康。
③I wish you to do that once again.
我希望你能再做一次。
重要词组短语
1．or else的意思是“否则”、“要不(就是)”。例如：
①You must go there quickly or else you will not be back in time.
你得赶紧去那里，否则你就不能准时赶回来。
②The book must be here, or else you've lost it.
书应该在这儿，要不就是你丢了。
③Go quickly, or else you'll be late.
快点走，否则你会迟到的。
2．get off的用法
get off意为“脱下”。例如：
①It's rather hot today, we must get off the jacket.
今天太热了，我们必须脱下夹克衫。
【注意】get off还可作“下车”；“离开”；“出发”；“起飞”解。例如：
②As soon as I got off the bus, I started for the village on foot.
我一下公共汽车，就开始步行到村里去。
③We must get off at once or we'll be late.
我们必须马上走，否则要迟到了。
④We got off immediately after breakfast.
我们一吃过早饭就出发了。
⑤The plane got off on time.
飞机准时起飞。
3．favor的几个词组
1)in favor(of)表示“赞成，主张”，常用作表语或后置定语。
①The students were in favor of reform.
学生赞成改革。
②All those in favor say“Aye”
赞成的人请说“行”。
2)do sb. a favor或do a favor for sb. 是个正式的礼貌用语，意思是“给某人以恩惠，帮某人的忙”。
①Would you do me a favor?
帮我一下好吗？
②He is always ready to do his comrades a favor.
他总是乐于助人。
③Do me a favor by turning off the radio.
帮我把收音机关掉。
④She asked me to do her the favor of closing the door.
她请我帮忙关上门。
⑤Will you do me the favor to lend me the dictionary?
可否帮个忙把字典借给我？
⑥Do me the favor to come.
务请光临。
【注】do sb．a favor后接of doing或不定式时，应将不定冠词a改为定冠词the。
4．put on, have on与wear的比较
wear, have on表示状态，指“穿着”(衣服、袜子、鞋子)，“戴着”(帽子、手套、眼镜)。wear还可表示佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿以及留头发、胡须的长短、式样等。 have on不用进行时态。put on着重穿戴的动作，表示“穿上”(衣服、袜子、鞋子等)。例如：
①He is wearing a new shirt today.(=He has on a new shirt.)
他今天穿着一件新衬衫。
②She always has her red shoes on.(=She always wears her red shoes.)
她总是穿一双红鞋。
③She was wearing a pair of white gloves, a gold ring, a new watch and jewels at the ball that night.
那天晚上在舞会上她戴着一副白手套，一枚金戒指，一块新手表和珠宝首饰。
④You'd better put on your coat.It's cold outside.
外边很冷，你最好穿上大衣。