重点词语用法
1．room的用法
1)room 用作不可数名词，意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间；地位；余地”。例如：
①Is there room for me?
还有我的地方吗？
②There's room for three more.
还有三个人的位置。
③I haven't much room to move here.
我这儿没有多少活动余地。
④Can you make room for another?
你还能腾出一个人(或一件东西)的地方吗？
⑤This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out.
这张桌子占的地方太大，我们最好把它搬到外面去。
2)room用作可数名词，意为“房间；一套房间；寓所”。例如：
①How many rooms are there in this house?
这所房子里有多少房间？
②This room is a very pleasant one.
这个房间很舒服。
【注意】与room常合成的词有：bathroom 洗澡间； sitting－room 起居室；din-ning-room 饭厅；schoolroom 教室
2．hold的用法
1)hold 用作动词，意为“抓住”，常用“hold sb. by the+表身体部位的名词”结构。
①She was holding her father's hand.
她紧紧抓住父亲的手。
②I hold him by the sleeve.
我抓住了他的袖子。
2)hold可用于表示“承受(某人/物)的重量；支承”。
①Is that branch strong enough to hold you?
那树枝经得住你吗？
②The dam gave away. It was not strong enough to hold the flood waters.
水坝塌了，它不够坚固，挡不住洪水。
3)hold可用于表示“容纳，包含”之意，不用进行时态，也不用被动结构。
①This barrel holds 25 litres.
这个桶能装 25升。
②I don't think the car can hold you all.
我看这辆车坐不下你们这些人。
③My brain can't hold so much information at one time.
我脑子一下子记不住这么多信息。
4)hold可用于表示“使保持(某种状态)”之意，常在宾语后接介词短语、形容词或分词，表示该宾语的位置、姿态或状态。
①She held her baby in her arms.
她抱着她的小孩。
②He is holding a cigarette between his lips.
他嘴里叼着一支香烟。
③They held their heads high.
他们把头抬得高高的。
④I couldn't hold the door closed .
我没法把门关上。
5)hold还可作“认为，相信，持有某种观点”解。
①People once held that the earth was flat.
人们曾一度相信地球是平的。
②I hold the view that the plan cannot work.
我认为那个计划不可行。
6)hold还可表示“召开，举行(会议等)”。
①The meeting will be held in the community centre.
会议将在社区活动中心举行。
②We hold a general election every four or five years.
我们每四五年举行一次大选。
③The Motor Show is usually held in October.
汽车展览会通常在十月举行。
7)在电话交谈中，我们常说 Hold on, please.意为“请别挂掉。”
8)习语hold one's tongue意为“住嘴”，多用于祈使句。
Hold your tongue! Don't bother me any more.
住嘴！别再打扰我了。
3．sight的用法
sight[sait]意为“视力；目光”，是不可数名词。 catch sight of意为“看见”，lose sight of意为“看不见”，go sightseeing意为“去观光”，get nearsighted意为“变成近视眼”。例如：
①Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见，心不念。
②Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city.
站在山顶，我们能够看见全城的景色。
③I used to have a good sight, but because of years of hard work, I got nearsighted.
我过去视力很好，但由于常年的艰苦工作，我变成了近视眼。
④The little boy lost his sight after three year's illness.
那个小男孩病了三年之后失明了。
【注意】sight还可以作“景象；情景”解。例如：
⑤The sunset with the colourful cloud behind it is a beautiful sight.
这落日的景象衬托着后面的彩云真美啊。
⑥The earthquake was a frightening sight.
那次地震的情景真可怕。
4．fit的用法
1)表示与职务、身份、场合是否相称，用形容词fit，词组为 be fit for。
①The book is fit for children.
这种书适合儿童阅读。
②She is not fit for the job.
她不能胜任这工作。
2)表示衣服鞋袜等是否合身要用动词fit。
①His coat fits beautifully.
他的上衣很合身。
②This suit doesn't fit me well. Have you got a larger size?
这套西装不怎么合身，有尺码大一点儿的吗？
3)fit用作形容词，还有“恰当的，得体的；健康的”的意思。
①The room is a fit place for study.
那间房很适合学习用。
②He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day.
他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康。
4)fit用作动词还有“配合，安装”的意思
①The key doesn't fit the lock.
钥匙和锁不配。
②A man came and fitted the telephone for her.
来了个人替她把电话装上了。
5．water 的用法
1)water ['w&t+]作“水”解时是不可数名词，不用复数形式；但在指大量的水(mass of water)，如海水、湖水或河水时，常用复数形式 waters。例如：
①One week without water makes one weak.
一周不饮水，将使人虚弱。
②If you have a fever, you must drink plenty of water.
如果你发烧，就必须喝足量的水。
③In summer we usually find Huanghe River full of waters.
夏天我们通常发现水满黄河。
④Have you seen the place where the waters of the Changjiang River flow out into the East Sea?
你见到过长江的入海处吗?
2)water 既可用作名词，意为“水”；又可用作动词，意为“浇水，灌溉；加水；泪水流出；流口水”。如：
①It's very dry, and we must water the garden.
天很干，我们应该浇园了。
②They were watering the streets.
他们正在街上洒水。
③Our ship watered at every port we visited.
我们的船每到一港口，就加水一次。
④The smoke made my eyes water.
烟使我眼睛流泪。
⑤The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water.
厨房的气味使我直流口水。
6．dirty的用法
dirty['d+:ti](= make dirty) vt.弄脏；变脏/vi.变脏。例如：
①The student dirtied his new books carelessly.
那个学生不小心弄脏了他的新书。
②On rainy days, the bicycle dirties quickly.
雨天，自行车很快就脏了。
【注意】在英语中，有一些形容词可以转化为动词。又如：
③They calmed down after the quarrel.
争吵之后他们平静下来。
④You must slow down when you come into the town.
进入城镇，你就必须减慢速度。
⑤It can help to cool the soup.
它可以帮助汤凉下来。
④In order to better their life, they worked very hard.
它们为了改善生活，工作非常努力。
7．after的用法
1)after用作介词时，后面可接名词或动名词。例如：
①They ate in a restaurant after the film.(＝After seeing the film. they ate in a restaurant.)
看完电影后，他们在一家餐馆吃了饭。
after不是副词，不能与 afterwards，then或 after that互换使用。例如：
②They went to the cinema and afterwards (then/after that) they ate in a restaurant. (×…and after they ate in a restaurant.)
他们先去看电影，然后在一家餐馆吃了饭。
2)after也可用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句，意为“在……之后”。例如：
①I called him after you told me his telephone number.
在你告诉我他的电话号码后，我便给他打了电话。
②Soon after he entered the classroom , the students stood up and said hello to the teacher.
老师刚一进教室，同学们就站了起来并向老师问好。
8．home 意为“动植物的产地或栖息地”。例如：
①Do you know the home of the tigers?
你知道老虎的产地吗？
②Heze is quite famous for its peony flowers .It is the home of peony.
菏泽以牡丹花著名，它是牡丹之乡。
③The teacher told us that the home of the lion was Africa.
老师告诉我们狮子的产地是非洲。
9．present
1)present用作形容词，表示“出席，在场”，读作['preznt]。
①Were you present when the news was announced?
宣布消息时你在场吗？
②Everybody present welcomed the decision.
出席的每个人都欢迎那个决议。
③There were 200 people present at the meeting.
有200人到会。
2)present 用作形容词，还可表示“现有的，现在的”。
①You can't use it in its present condition.
目前这样情形你无法使用。
②After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day.
我们刚还在200年前的历史场景中，一下子又回到了现在。
3)present 可用作名词表示“现在、目前”的时间概念。
①We learn from the past, experience the present , and hope for success in the future.
我们从过去中学习，从现在体验并展望未来成功。
②She is busy at present and can't speak to you.
她现在很忙，不能和你说话。
4)present 用作名词，还可表示“礼物”之意。
①I'm buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely.
我买这东西送人，请帮我好好包装一下。
②He admired my old typewriter so much, I made him a present of it.
他非常喜欢我的旧打字机，所以我就送给他了。
5)present 用作动词，可表示“捐赠；介绍(正式的)”的意思，读作[pri'zent]。
①they presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
为纪念儿子他们向学院捐赠了一大笔钱。
②The ambassador was presented to the president.
大使被引见给总统。
10．square 的用法
1)square 是可数名词，表示“正方形”
①The handkerchief is a square .
这块手帕是方形的。
②The handkerchief is in the shape of a square.
这块手帕是正方形的。
【注意】其它表示形状的词有： rectangle(oblong)长方形， triangle三角 形，quadrangle 四角形， pentagon五角形， hexagon 六角形， heptagon 七角形，polygon多角形
2)square 作“广场”解，常与专有名词连用。
Venice Square (罗马)威尼斯广场
Tian An Men Square 天安门广场
the Red square (莫斯科)红场
the People's Square in Shanghai 上海人民广场
3)square 用作形容词，表示“平方的”。
①one square meter 一平方米
②A carpet six meters square has an area of 36 square meters.
六米见方的地毯面积为36平方米。
【注意】圆形广场叫circus，方形广场叫square
11．else的用法
1)else在该句中用作形容词，意为“别的”，“其它的”。它作形容词常用来修饰疑问代词 who，whom，whose，what；不定代词all，little，much及以any-，every-，some-，no-加上-body，-one，-thing构成的复合不定代词。else要放在它所修饰的词之后。
①What else can I do for you?
还有什么事我可以为你做的呢？
②He is more diligent than anyone else in his class.
他比班里的其他任何学生都勤奋。
③Someone else may see it.
还有别的人可能看到了。
④I have much else to say about this.
关于此事我还有更多的话要说。
【注意】other 作形容词用时词义与 else相同，但用法不一样：other通常修饰普通名词，且放在被修饰词之前。上述有关句子可改为：
①What other thing can I do for you?
我还可以为你做点什么别的事吗？
②He is more diligent than any other student in his class.
他比班里其他别的学生都更勤奋。
③Some other person may see it.
其他人可能看见它。
2)else用作副词，意为“另外”，“其他”，用来修饰疑问副词how，when，where，why及以any-，every-，no-some-加上-where构成的词。如：
①Why else were you absent from class?
你缺课还有什么别的原因？
②We went nowhere else.
我们没去别处。
12．reason & cause
1)reason 是指“(为什么做某事)的原因，理由”。(人的主观性)
①You have no reason to get angry.
你没有理由发脾气。
②Tell me the reason why you are so late this morning.
告诉我你今天早上来得这么晚的理由。
2)cause 是指“(引起一件事发生的)起因。”(客观因素)
①The cause of the fire was carelessness.
起火的原因是不谨慎。
②We can't get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war.
不首先消失战争的起因，就不能消灭战争。
重要词组短语
1．go on doing sth .继续做原来的事情；go on to do sth .接着去做另一件事。例如：
①After reading the text, we went on to translate some sentences.
读完课文，我们接着翻译了几个句子。
②The students went on talking and laughing all the way.
同学们一路上不停地谈笑。
③After a short break, he went on writing the letter.
休息一会后，他继续写了这信。
④If the population goes on increasing , there will only be standing room left for us next century!
如果人口继续增长的话，下个世纪我们就只有站的地方了。
2．be fit for 意为“适合于”。例如：
①The old man is so weak and he isn't fit for the job.
那位老人太虚弱了，不适合于这项工作。
②Our headmaster is fit for his position.
我们的校长是称职的。
▲be fit to do sth. 意为“适合于做某事”。例如：
③The glasses too large. They are not fit for me to wear.
这架眼镜太大了，不 适合我的。
④I do think she is fit to look after the children .
我的确认为，她是适合照顾这些孩子的。
3．agree，agree to，agree with＆agree on 的用法区别
1)agree后可接不定式，也可接that从句。
①He agreed to finish the job as soon as possible.
他同意尽早结束这项工作。
②I am sure you will agree that it is most important for us to keep fit.
十分重要的是要保持身体健康。关于这一点我肯定你会同意的。
2)agree with sb. 表示“同意某人的意见”，也可接what 从句。
①I agreed with you.
我同意你的意见。
②I agree with what you have said.
我同意你说的话。
3)agree to 表示对所述之事表示肯定或答应。
He has agreed to this arrangement .
对于此项安排，他已经表示同意。
4)agree on 表示“商定，达成协议”。
Can we agree on a date for the next meeting!
我们可否商定下次开会的日期？
4．to one's joy
“to one's+感情名词”或“to the+感情名词+ of”结构，用作结果状语。常见的感情名词有joy(高兴)，delight(欢喜)，surprise(惊奇)，astonishment(吃惊)，disappointment(失望)，amusement(好笑)，annoyance (烦恼)，horror(恐惧)，shame(羞愧)，relief(安心)等。
①To our astonishment, she began to laugh.
使我们吃惊的是她笑了起来。
②To the disappointment of the spectators, the match had to be abandoned.
令观众失望的是，这次比赛不得不取消。
③He has recovered, much to the delight of his friends.
他病好了，使得朋友们大为欢喜。
5．cut down 意为“砍伐、砍倒”，另外还可以作“削减”解。例如：
①Young trees are not allowed to cut down in some countries.
在一些国家不允许砍伐小树。
②The bullets cut down the soldiers like corns.
子弹象砍玉米一样将士兵一排排射倒。
③We must cut down the expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
④The tailor cut the dress down.
裁缝把衣服改小了。
6．in place 是一个固定词组，意为“在原来的地方”。例如：
①You must put every book in place after reading .
你阅读后，必须把每一本书都放回原处。
②We should put the shoes in place before we decided which pair to buy.
在我们确定买那一双之前，我们应该将鞋子放回原处。
③The manager persuaded us to keep the bicycle in place.
管理人员说服我们把自行车放回原出。
④We'd better leave the computer and printer in place in order to protect them.
我们最好将电脑和打印机留在原来的地方，以便保护它们。
7．表示一类人，可以用“the+形容词或过去分词”形式。例如：
the rich＝ the rich people 富人
the poor = the poor people 穷人
the young＝ the young people 年青人
the old＝the old people 老人
the wounded＝ the wounded people 伤员
the deaf = the deaf people 聋子
the laid-off＝ the laid-off workers 下岗职工
the unemployed＝ the unemployed people失业者
the dead = the dead people 死人
8．play a part(in)意为“在……中起作用”。例如：
①Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's life.
大多数爱尔兰人星期天都去教堂做礼拜。教会在人们生活中起着重要的作用。
②They are playing an important part in building our country.
他们在我国的建设中起着重要作用。
③The part played by religion was very great.
宗教起的作用是巨大的。
④The part that women played during the was great.
妇女在那次战役中起的作用是巨大的。
⑤The workers have played an important part in the development of production.
工人在生产发展中起着重要作用。
9．in all作“总共”(altogether)解。例如：
①In our school there are twenty-five English teachers in all.
我们学校总共有25位英语教师。
②New Zealand has no more than 3.5 million people in all
新西兰一共只不过三百五十万人。
10．no more than & not more than
1)no more than表示“少”，not more than表示“不多于”。
①I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里只不过5元钱。(太少了)
②I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里不多于5元钱。(不言其多或少)
2)no less than表示“多”，not less than 表示“不少于”。
①He is no less determined than you.
他的决心决不亚于你。(言其决心大)
②He is not less determined than you.
他的决心不比你小。(无言其大或小的含义)
常用句型结构
1．if引导的条件句的用法
1)当if用于表示普遍真理和科学事实的条件句中，其主从句的谓语动词一般都用一般现在时。
①If you heat ice, it melts.
如果给冰加热，冰便融化了。
②If you pour oil on water, it floats.
把油倒在水上，油浮于水面。
③If the temperature drops to zero degrees centigrade, water freezes.
如果温度降至零度，水便结冰了。
④If you divide eight by two, you get four.
8除以2，等于4。
2)当if用于表示现在习惯动作条件句中，其主从句的谓语也都用一般现在时。
①lf I make a promise, I keep it.
我只要许下诺言，就信守不渝。
②if it rains, I go to work by bus.
每逢雨天，我就搭乘公共汽车上班。
3)当if用于表示过去习惯动作的条件句中，其主从句谓语动词都用一般过去式。
①lf I made promise, I kept it.
以前我只要许下诺言，就总是信守不渝。
②If it rained, I went to work by bus.
以前每逢下雨，我就坐公共汽车上班。
4)if还常与从句一般现在时，主句用 will/shall/can加动词原形结构搭配使用。
①If you go to England, you will have to learn English .
如果你到英国去，就必须学英语。
②If it is fine tomorrow , we can have a picnic somewhere .
如果明天晴天，我们可以去野餐。
5)if从句还常出现以下结构，主句祈使句，从句一般现在时。
①If you wake up before me, give me a call.
如果你比我醒得早，就叫醒我。
②If you meet Mary in London , introduce youself to her .
如果你在伦敦遇见玛丽，就向她做自我介绍。
6)有时if从句中还使用“should+动词原形”结构，加重语气。
①If we should miss the 10 o'clock train, we won't get there till after lunch.
如果我们错过10点钟的火车，就要在午餐后才能到达。
②If he should fail to come, ask Philip to work in his place.
万一他不来，就请菲利浦代替他工作。
7)if从句中也常使用“will+动词原形”结构，表示“意愿”。
①If he will accept the nomination , a lot of electors will vote for him .
如果他愿意接受提名，许多选民都会投他的票。
②lf you will wait for a few more minutes, the doctor will see you without your making an appointment.
如果你愿意再等几分钟，医生不用预约就来看你。
8)if主从句中都用“would+动词原形”结构，表示“意愿”，用于客气的请求。
①If you would try Italian food, you would like it.
如果您愿意尝试意大利食品，你会喜欢的。
②If you would read more carefully , you would understand what the writer is trying to say.
如果你愿意更加细心阅读，你会理解作家的意图。
2．It is thought/said/ believed that…据认为/说/信……相当于People think that… 例：
①It is thought that the team will certainly win the match.
据认为这支球队肯定能赢得比赛。
②It is said that the first printed book came out at this period.
据说第一本印刷书就是这时出现的。
③It is reported that Bill Clinton will meet Blair next week.
据说下周比尔克林顿要会见布莱尔。