重点词语用法
1．动词turn的用法小结
1)vi．转动，转身，拐弯
①The wheel turned slowly.
车轮慢慢地转动了。
②They turned and ran away.
他们转身就跑掉了。
③Turn right at the first crossing, and you'll see the post office.
在第一个十字路口向右拐，你就看见邮局了。
2)vt. 转动，翻转
①I turned my head, and saw Mrs Black.
我转过头来，看见了布莱克太太。
②He turned his car to the left.
他把汽车向左开。
③The boy likes to turn pages and look at the pictures.
这男孩喜欢翻书看图画。
3)link v. 变得
①He turned pale when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息，脸都变白了。
②The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变黄。
③My poor mother! Her hair has turned grey .
可怜的妈妈，她的头发已变成花白的了。
④Winter is coming. The weather turns cold.
冬天来了，天气变冷了。
4)构成短语：
(1)turn on/off 开/关(电灯，收音机)
①Please turn off the light.
请把灯关掉。
②He turned on the radio and listened to the music.
他把收音机打开听音乐。
(2)turn into 变成，译成
③In winter, the water turns into ice.
在冬季，水变成冰。
④Please turn the text into Chinese.
请把课文译成汉语。
(3)turn out 关掉，熄灭
⑤He turned out the light and went out of the room.
他关掉灯就走出了房间。
⑥Please turn out the gas when you finish cooking.
烧好饭菜后请把煤气关掉。
(4)turn to 翻到；转向
⑦Please turn to page 25.
请翻到第25页。
⑧ Let's turn our attention to the study of English.
咱们把注意力转移到英语学习方面来吧。
(5)turn over 作“翻转”(roll from one side to the other)解。例如：
⑨The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.
医生把他翻转身来看看他的背部。
⑩The oil lamp was turned over and a fire started.
那盏灯打翻了，于是引起了火灾。
2．follow［'f&l+u］vt. 遵循、按照……行事。例如：
①Ms Liu has followed some of my advice on the new text book.
刘老师已经接受了我的一些关于新教材的建议。
②Finally we made our decision to follow her suggestion.
最后我们决定按照她的建议行事。
3．look和sound 一类动词的用法
look和sound是连系动词，作“看起来”解，后面跟形容词作表语。类似的连系动词还有：taste, smell, feel等。例如：
①She sounds nice. She has a beautiful voice.
她唱得很好听，她有一副好嗓子。
②Your father looks angry. What's the matter?
你父亲看起来生气了，是怎么回事？
③This tastes delicious. What's in it?
这个味道很鲜美，里面放了什么？
④The fish tastes wonderful. I like it very much.
这鱼的味道好极了，我很喜欢吃。
【注意】除了上面那些表示感觉的连系动词后面要跟形容词作表语外，还有一些表示变化的连系动词，如become, fall, get, turn, go 等后面也可以跟形容词作表语。例如：
⑤He became sad when he heard the news.
他听到这消息，就变得很忧伤。
⑥She fell ill yesterday, but she is feeling much better now.
她昨天病了，但现在感觉好多了。
⑦Hurry up! It's getting dark.
快一点！天快黑了。
⑧Milk can easily go bad in summer.
牛奶在夏天很易变坏。
【注意】所有这类连系动词后面都跟形容词作表语，而不能跟副词。例如：我们不能说：The fish tastes wonderfully. /He became sadly.
4．reach 的用法
reach作“延伸”(extend)解时，是不及物动词。例如：
①The forest reaches as far as the river.
这片树林一直沿河延伸。
②The path reaches to the foot of the mountain.
这条小路一直延伸到山脚下。
【注意】当reach作“抵达”(get to)或“伸手碰到”(stretch out the hand for sth.)等解时，它是及物动词。例如：
③We reached Shanghai about half past twelve.
我们大约十二点半到达上海。
④Your letter reached me yesterday.
你的来信我昨天收到了。
5．nearly和almost的区别
1)almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之处，也有不同点。在单纯表示“时间、程度、进度”时，almost = nearly。例如：
①The building is almost completed.
②The building is nearly completed.
第一句比第二句更接近于完成。
2)在具体数字前面常用nearly。例如：
①The river is nearly 100 metres wide.
这条河有近百米宽。
②The old man is nearly 80 years old.
那位老人年近八十岁。
3)almost可与no, nothing, none, never 等连用，此时不能用nearly代替。例如：
①Almost no one believed him.
几乎无人相信他的话。
②There's almost none left.
几乎一个没剩。
③What he said was almost nothing worth listening to.
他所说的话几乎不值得听。
6．population 的用法
population 为集体名词，不可数，当它作主语时，若表示全部人口，后面的谓语动词用单数；若表示部分(如1/3等)人口，后面的谓语动词用复数。例如：
①The population of the earth is increasing very fast.
地球上的人口增长很快。
②Over eighty percent of the population in China are peasants.
中国超过80％的人口为农民。
7．exploit 的用法
exploit[iks'pl&it]vt. 利用(use)，开发(develop)。例如：
①You must exploit all the time to learn English.
你必须利用一切时间来学习英语。
②We should try every means to exploit the oil underground.
我们应该使用一切办法来开发地下石油。
③We must exploit our rich natural resources for the development of our agriculture.
我们必须开发我们丰富的自然资源来发展我国的农业。
8．others 的用法
others(=some persons or things unknown)意为“他人、他物(表示没有明确指定的别的人或物)。the others(=the remaining persons or things of two or more)表示在一个范围内的所有其余的人或物。请比较：
①To some life means pleasure, to others suffering.
对某些人而言生活是一种享乐，但对另一些人而言生活却是受苦。
②He has been somewhat behind with his studies and is now working hard to catch up with the others.
他学习有点落后，现在正加紧干以赶上其他人。
9．continue 的用法
continue['k+n'tinju:](=go on with; keep on with) vt. 继续。可跟名词、动词- ing形式和不定式作宾语。例如：
①He continued his walk for several miles.
他继续走了几英里。
②The story will be continued in tomorrow's paper.
这个故事在明天的报纸上继续刊登。
③After graduation I continued to devote myself to research.
毕业后我继续致力于我的研究。
④He continued working as if nothing had happened.
他不停地工作就好象什么也没有发生似的。
10．journey, travel, trip和tour的区别
journey 适用范围很广，可指陆上，海上或空中的旅行，常指距离较远的旅行；travel常指远距离的长期的旅行；trip常指短距离的，直接到达目的地的旅行，但在口语中，trip可以与journey通用，tour“周游”，“旅游”，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义，主要目的是浏览或视察，距离可长可短。例如：
①I wish you a pleasant journey home.
祝你回家一路平安。
②One day in his travels in China, he arrived in Hangzhou.
他在中国的旅行期间，有一天他到达杭州。
③She went on a trip/journey to London.
他到伦敦旅行去了。
④They are on a wedding tour. 他们旅行结婚去了。
11．alive的用法
alive[+'laiv]通常用作表语，意为“活着的，在世的”(living)。类似的有afloat, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake等。(不作修饰名词前定语用)
①That fish is still alive.
那条鱼仍然活着。
②She was still awake at 2 o'clock.
两点时她仍醒着。
12．freeze 的用法
1)freeze 表示“(水)结冰，凝固”。
①Water freezes at 0℃.
水在0℃时结冰。
②The lake froze over.
湖冻上了。
2)freeze 表示“(某物)结满冰或由于结冰而变硬了”。
①Our water pipes froze up last winter.
去年冬天我们的水管全冻了。
②The clothes were frozen on the washing-line.
衣服在晾衣绳上冻住了。
3)freeze指“(天气)冷得使水结冰，严寒”。
①It is freezing outside.
外面冷极了！
②It may freeze tonight, so make sure the plants are covered.
今晚会有霜冻，一定要把花草盖好。
4)freeze指“(人或动物)觉得很冷；(使)冻死。”
①Shut the window----I'm freezing.
关上窗户，我冷极了。
②Two men were frozen to death on the mountain.
山上有两个人冻死了。
5)freeze还可表示“冷食物”的意思。
①Strawberries don't taste nice if they've been frozen.
草莓冷冻了，就不好吃了。
②I'll buy extra meat and just freeze it.
我要多买些肉冻起来。
6)freeze表示“(使人或动物)突然停住；(因恐惧、震惊等)呆住了”。
①Ann froze with terror as the door opened silently.
门一声不响地开了，Ann吓呆了。
②The sudden bang froze us in our tracks.
突然呼的一响，我们都惊呆了。
7)freeze还可表示“稳定(工资，物价等)”。
①The government tried to freeze prices.
政府努力稳定物价。
重要词组短语
1．be from/come from 意为“来自于……(地方)；是某地人”。例如：
----Are you from the United States?
你是美国人吗？
----No, I came from England.
不，我来自于英国。
2．fill…with…意为“用……装满(注满，填满)……”。例如：
①He then filled a cup with some of the petrol, some of the castor oil and some of the vinegar.
他然后将杯子加满汽油，蓖麻油和醋。
②Please fill the bank with petrol.
请给油箱加满油。
③They have filled a hole with sand and mud.
他们用泥沙把一个洞填满了。
【注意】full为形容词，be full of…装满……。如：
The glass is full of water.
玻璃杯装满了水。
3．be famous for/as 的用法
1)be famous for 表示“以……(事物)著名”。例如：
①Heze is famous for its peony flowers.
菏泽牡丹闻名于天下。
②Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.
苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉，并以其乡村美景闻名于世。
③Egypt is famous for its pyramids.
埃及以金字塔著名。
2)be famous as 表示“以……(身份)著名”。例如：
①Wang Junxia is famous as a good runner, she won a gold medal and a silver medal in the 26th Olympic Games.
王军霞是一位很著名的长跑运动员，她在第26届奥林匹克运动会上获得一枚金牌和一块银牌。
②Liu Xiaoqing is quite famous as a film star.
刘晓庆是很著名的电影明星。
4．a great deal of 表示“许多”或“大量的”意思。例如：
①The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure.
这项比赛给了大家许多乐趣。
表示“许多”或“大量的”意思的词组还有：
a large number of后接可数名词复数形式。
a lot of或lots of后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。
a great many =a good many意思是“很多”，用作定语，后面接复数可数名词。
a large quantity of后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。
a great deal of/a great amount of后只能接不可数名词。例如：
②I read a lot of novels when I was at college.
我在大学里，读过许多小说。
③What will you do if you win a lot of money?
如果你赢了许多钱，你将做些什么呢？
④A great amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.
每年在烟草上花去大量的钱。
plenty of 后面可跟复数形式的可数名词或不可数名词，其含义是“需要多少有多少”或“比实际需要的还要多”，有些象汉语“还多着呢”。例如：
⑤Could you tell me if(whether) there's plenty of rain in your country?
你能告诉我你们的国家雨量是否很充足吗？
5．clear up/tidy up(=set in order; make tidy) 意为“清理；整理”。例如：
①He cleared up his room before they arrived.
在他们来之前，他先把房子整理一下。
②Clear/tidy up the desk before you leave the office, will you?
离开办公室之前，把办公桌整理一下好吗？
③I have to tidy myself up a bit.
我得梳理一下。
6．make use of sth./ sb.
1)make use of sth. / sb. 是“利用某人(某物)”的意思。
①Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.
要充分利用一切机会说英语。
②We will make good use of her talents.
我们要很好地发挥她的才能。
2)make the best use of sth. 是“充分利用某事”的意思。
She has certainly made the best use of her opportunities.
她确实充分利用了一切机会。
7．形容词最高级的修饰语。
形容词最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by on means 等词语所修饰。
①The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
黄河是中国第二大河。
②Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest.
这三个男孩中，尼克最最聪明。
③Of the three boys Nick is almost the cleverest.
这三个男孩中，尼克差不多是最聪明的。
④Of the three boys Nick is by no means the cleverest.
这三个男孩中，尼克决不是最聪明的。
常用句型结构
1．句型“It is hoped that…”
本句型中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that-clause，相当于“People hope that…”。又如：
①It is hoped that the fire will be put down soon.
人们希望大火会很快被扑灭。
②It is hoped that every student in our country will read such a good book.
人们希望我们国家的每一位学生都会读到这样一本好书。
【注意】类似的句子还有：
③It is said that a new factory will be built in our village.
据说我们村里将建一座新工厂。
④It is reported that more than 150 people had been killed in the earthquake.
据报道，那次地震中有150多人丧生。
2．As in China, the weather is different from area to area. 同中国的情况一样，加拿大的气候也随着地区的不同而不同。
注意本句结构，本句相当于一个省略的方式状语从句，相当于“As it is in China, …”。as用作连词，后面接从句，意思是“正如；和……一样”。例：
①As is the last experiment，he got the same result this time.
正如上次的实验一样，他这次获得了同样的结果。
②As in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如你们国家的情况一样，我们在北方种小麦，南方种玉米。
3．They made clothes and shoes from skins of seals. 他们用海豹皮做衣服和鞋子。
make A from B，用B制成A；常用于被动句(A is made from B)，表示“A是由B制成的”。例：
His father made a model ship from wood.
=The model ship was made from wood.