重点词语用法
1.Once [w)ns]
1)adv.
(1)one time一次
①He has only been to Shanghai once. 他只到过一次上海。
②I remember that I went there once or twice before.
我记得我以前到那儿去过一、二次。
(2)at sometime in the past从前;曾经
①This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾经居住过的房子。
②He was once a college student, now he is a doctor.
他曾经是位大学生,现在是医生。
2)conj. as soon as一旦……就……
①Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
只要你显出害怕的样子,他就会向你进攻。
②Once you put your heart into your study, you will make great progress.
你一旦用心学习,你就会取得巨大进步。
2.follow['f&l+u] vt. 跟随;听得清;接受(作为指导或榜样)
①Follow me, please. 请跟我学。
②English will be followed by mathematics. 英语课后,将上数学课。
③The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow her.
老师讲得那么快,以至于我没听懂。
④ I didn't quite follow you, could you say it again?
我没有十分听懂,你能再讲一遍吗?
⑤This is a good piece of advice for us to follow.
这是一条我们应该接受的好建议。
【注意】 following为形容词,意为“接着的”。例如:
①In the following days he often came to see us.
在随后的日子里,他经常来看我们。
②He didn't get up until the following week.
他一直到第二个星期才起床。
3.从属连词unless的用法
unless用作从属连词,引导一个条件状语从句,相当于if…not,常译为“如果……不……”“非……不可”“除非”
unless是具有否定意义的连接词,因此当使用unless引导从句时其谓语形式一般是用肯定形式。使用unless引导条件状语从句时,要注意以下几点:
1)unless相当于 if…not,两者常可交替使用。例如:
①Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn't stop, I shall not go out for a walk.)
倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了。
2)如 if…not引导非真实条件句时,一般不可改为 unless。例如:
①If he weren't so silly, he would understand.
如果他不傻的话,他会明白(事实上他很傻)。
3)如果unless引导的从句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代。例如:
①You'll do well in the English examination unless you don't do your homework. 这次英语考试你会考得好的,除非你平时不做作业。
4.allow/permit/promise的用法及区别
1)allow为一般用语,侧重于“默许”,正式的许可需用permit,侧重正面的“允许”,语气比allow强。例如:
Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不许抽烟。
Smoking is not permitted here. 此处禁止抽烟。
【注意】
(1)permit和allow两者可以互换,前者较为正式。如:
①Permit(Allow)me to congratulate you on your success.
请允许我祝贺你的成功。
(2)permit后若是动词作宾语,这一动词要用动词-ing形式(动名词),而不用不定式。如:
①The guard didn't permit entering the camp. 卫兵不允许进入营地。
2)promise可用作动词。意为“允诺”,“答应”,和permit, allow意思不一样。
试比较:
①His mother allowed him to join the army.
他母亲允许他参军。(主语允许宾语“他”去参军)
②His mother promised him to join the army.
他母亲向他允诺去参军。(主语向宾语允诺“她”去参军)
【注意】promise也可用作名词。如:make a promise许诺;keep(carry out)
a promise遵守(履行)诺言;break a promise不守诺言。
5.介词with的两种用法
1)with表示“具有”,“带有”。例如:
①China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
②She is a girl with black eyes. 她是一位长着黑眼睛的女孩。
2)with表示“用”。例如:
①Men work with their hands. 人用手劳动。
②Our teacher told us to make sentences with these phrases.
我们老师叫我们用这些词组造句。
6.glass[gla:s]n.
作为不可数名词,意思是“玻璃”。作为可数名词,意思是“玻璃杯”,“镜子”。作“眼镜”讲时,用复数。如:
①These bottles are made of glass. 这些瓶子是用玻璃做的。
②There are four glasses on the table. 桌子上有四个玻璃杯。
③Sometimes our teacher of English wears(a pair of)glasses.
有时我们英语老师戴(一副)眼镜。
7.as和like的用法
as与like都作连词,后接方式状语从句,意思也一样,都作“如像”,“同……一样”解。例如:
①Nobody loves you like I do, baby. 孩子,谁也没有像我这样疼你。
一般说,如果要说明人与人,物与物,动作与动作,状态与状态之间有相似之处,可用以用as,也可以用like。但as是连词,后跟从句;而like是介词,后跟名词或代词。例如:
②Jane is a fine dancer, as her sister is.
简是一名出色的舞蹈家,和她姐姐一样。
③Jane isn't much like her sister. 简不太像她姐姐。
【注意】as也可作介词,后跟名词,构成介词短语,其作用同like的介词短语一样,意思也相近,但又有区别,as有“作为”的意思,like作“如,像”解。例如:
①Let me speak to you as a teacher. 我是教师,并以此身份来跟你谈话。
②Let me speak to you like your father.
我并非是你的父亲,但以父亲的口吻同你谈话。
8.enough[i'n)f]的基本用法
enough可以用作形容词(adj.),副词(adv.)和代词(pron.)。
1)enough用作副词,充当形容词或副词修饰语,但必须后置。例如:
①He walks slowly enough. 他走得够慢得了。
②This article is difficult enough to write. 这篇文章够难写得了。
2)enough用作代词,既可代表可数名词,也可代表不可数名词。例如:
②At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. 六个月底,他已经学得足以用俄语读文章和报告了。
3)enough用作形容词作定语时,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,可放在被修饰的名词前或后。例如:
①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.
有足够的座位让他们都坐下。
②I have enough time(time enough)to finish the work.
我有足够的时间来完成这项工作。
9.show [M+u]
作“解释,示范”解(to explain or make clear to sb. by words or especially actions),后跟“how +不定式短语”结构,作直接宾语。例如:
①The teacher showed the students how to make the mixture.
教师教学生如何配制这种混合物。
②The farmer showed us how to sow the seeds.
那位农民教我们如何播种。
【注意】show还可以表示“出示”(to offer for seeing),“显露”(to appear),“带领”(to go with and guide)。
①He showed his ticket. 他出示他的车票。
②His happiness is showed in his smile.
他的喜悦心情显露在他的微笑里。
③Mr Zhu is showing the students the chemistry lab.
朱先生带领学生参观化学实验室。
10.lend和borrow的区别
lend是“借出”,表示把东西借给某人,而borrow是借入,表示“从某人那里借东西”。lend后跟两个宾语,或者用介词短语 to sb.; borrow后跟
一个宾语,或者用介词 from sb.。例如:
①I lent Jack my new car. / I lent my new car to Jack. 我把新汽车借给杰克了。
②I borrowed a new car(from Jack).
我从杰克那里借了一部新汽车。
重要词组短语
1.first of all为常用短语,意为“首先”。例如:
①First of all, I know clearly what I study English for.
首先,我清楚地知道我学英语的目的。
②First of all, we must pay more attention to our handwriting. 首先,我们必须更加注意我们的书法。
2.“not…without…”是一种双重否定,双重否定的含义表示肯定概念。意为“只有……才”,“没有……就不……”。例如:
①Don't begin without asking for advice.
征求意见以后再着手。(未征询意见前不要开始。)
②He can't speak English without making mistakes.
他一说英语就出错。
③Fish can't live without water. 鱼儿离不开水。
④We couldn't get much progress in our studies without your help. 没有你的帮助,我们就不会取得学习上这么大的进步。
3.fill…with… 意为“用……装满(注满,填满)……”。例如:
①Please fill the bank with petrol. 请给油箱加满油。
②They have filled a hole with sand and mud. 他们用泥沙把一个洞填满了。
full为形容词,be full of… 装满……。例如:
③The glass is full of water. 玻璃杯装满了水。
4.instead of意为“代替;而不是”,相当于in place of,其后可接动词-ing形式,代词,介词短语等。例如:
①The old woman went to the park on Sunday instead of staying at home.
这老太太星期天去公园,而不是呆在家里。
②He went there on foot instead of by bus.
他步行去那里,而不是乘公共汽车去。
③You should be out instead of in on this fine day.
在这样好天气里,你应该出去,而不应呆在屋子里。
④That has increased instead of decreased our courage.
那使我们的勇气大增而不是减退。
【注意】instead 与 instead of不同。instead为副词,一般放在句末,否定上文提到的事物,而instead of则为介词,一般放在句首或句中,否定of后面的宾语。例如:
①Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I'm going to Weihai instead.
去年夏天我去了青岛,今年夏天我去威海。
(其意思等于:Instead of going to Qingdao, I'm going to Weihai this summer.)
②If Mary is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. 如果玛丽身体还
不好,不能跟你去,就带我去吧!
③You can take me with you instead of Mary.
你可以不带玛丽而带我去。
5.make sure 意为“感到确信无疑,确信”(=feel sure, do what is necessary in order to feel sure),其后常跟一个that引导的宾语从句,that可以省略。例如:
①It is said that there will be a lecture on computer tonight, but we'd better make sure.据说今天晚上有个关于电脑的讲座,可我们最好弄清楚。
②Make sure that the lights are turned off before you leave home.
离家前要确保已经关灯。
常用句型结构
1.“make +名词/代词+形容词”是很有用的句型,make的意思是“使”。
例如:
①We'll do everything that we can to make him happy. 我们将尽力使他高兴。
②I know nothing about it. I want to make it clear to you. 我要向你讲明,我(一点儿也)不知道这件事。
③We must have plenty of exercises every day and make ourselves strong and healthy. 我们每天必须进行足够的锻炼,使身体强健。
2.What about when we leave? What about…? ……怎么样?……怎么回事”?例如:
①What about going out for a drink?
出去喝一杯怎么样?
②What about the time when we meet again?
下次见面定在什么时间?
这句也可以用How about…? 通常可以理解为:What do you think about…? 的简略形式;一般用来征求对方的看法或询问对方的意见。
3.Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. not…unless…不……就不;只是……才能。例:
①I won't believe it unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 我要亲眼看到才相信。
②Do not enter the lab unless you are allowed to. 只有经过允许才能进入实验室。
③I can't do it myself unless you help me. 除非你帮助我,不然我无法自己做。
【注意】unless在意思上比较接近if…not, 但语气比 if… not重,一般只用在将来时态中。且从句中谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在使用中要注意和until, before, after的区别。例如:You can not really understand it unless you read it carefully.=You can not really understand it if you do not read it carefully.
再如:He did not leave the house until his father returned. 这一句中的until不能换为unless, 因为unless只能用在将来时中,意为“除非……”,引导条件状语从句。
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