●学习目标
Ⅰ.单词和词组
cut down;fur;endanger;die out;harm;live a…life;take measure;adapt to;by doing sth.;make a list of;pick up;devote to;explain;in the wild;nature;be careful with;the causes and effects
Ⅱ.日常交际用语
Why is it important to do…?
What can we do to…?
Do you know of…?
Ⅲ.语法
直接引语与间接引语的复习。
●学习障碍
单词及短语
cut down;die out;get started;endanger;live a…life;harm;adapt to;devote to;explain;be careful with;nature
●学习策略
1.die out灭绝
横向比较法：
(1)die out绝种;熄灭
Many animals have died out now.
The fire died out.
(2)die down平息;静下来
The wind has died down a bit.
(3)die away逐渐消逝
At last the music died away，neither of them moved for a while.
2.get started
横向比较法：
(1)get +过去分词,表示被动
get married结婚
get excited兴奋
get hurt受伤
get hit被撞
get discouraged泄气
get drunk喝醉
get bored厌倦
get paid被付钱
(2)get +现在分词，“开始做某事”
We'd better get moving.
We must get going.
联系语境法：
用动词的适当形式填空:
(1)We found it hard to get________(start).
(2)We got________(talk)and didn't notice the time.
答案:1.started 2.talking
3.endanger vt.危害
横向比较法：
(1)endanger危害;使……有危险
He endangered our lives by setting fire to the house.
(2)danger n.危险
in danger处于危险之中
Our lives are in danger.
(3)dangerous adj.危险的(指主语对别人造成威胁)
The murderer was very dangerous.
联系语境法：
用in danger，dangerous，endanger填空:
(1)You'll ________ your health if you work so hard.
(2)Be careful! The tiger is ________.
(3)The tiger is now ________because it is being killed by people.
答案:(1)endanger(2)dangerous(3)in danger
4.live a …life过着一种……的生活
纵向归纳法：
live a happy life 过着快乐的生活
live a bitter life 过着痛苦的生活
live a simple life 过着简朴的生活
live the rest of one's life=live the last part of one's life度过某人的余生
live an active life 过着活跃的生活
live可以用lead代替
横向比较法：
在live a…life中,life是live的宾语,同时又是它的同根名词,这样的宾语叫同源宾语,类似带同源宾语的词组还有:
dream a sweet dream 做个美梦
fight a street fight 打一场巷战
die a heroic death英勇就义
sleep a sound sleep睡得很沉
综合运用法：
The________he lived was hard to imagine.
A.live thatB.lives that
C.lives whichD.life that
答案:D
5.harm vt.损害
纵向归纳法：
(1)harm vt.损害,对……有害
I have never harmed anybody.
(2)harm n. do harm to sb.=do sb.harm对……造成危害
The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
(3)harmful adj.有害的
(4)harmless adj.无害的
联系语境法：
用harm的适当形式填空
(1)Follow the directions carefully，or this medicine may be________.
(2)The dog seems fierce，but It's________.
(3)I didn't want to do her any________;it could help it.
(4)Doctors say smoking________our health.
答案:(1)harmful (2)harmless (3)harm (4)harms
6.adapt…to…使……适应于……
纵向归纳法：
(1)adapt sth./sb.to sth./sb.
He has to adapt his speech to the interests of his audience.
(2)adapt oneself to…使自己适应……
We adapt ourselves to the hot weather.
(3)adapt to sth./sb.适应于……
The new teacher was very slow to adapt to the unusual rules of the school.
击破定式法：
Difficult books are sometimes adapted________use in schools.
A.for B.to
C.into D.at
答案:A adapt这里意思为 “改编”，for+n.表示目的。
7.devote A to B /doing B 把A投入与B中或做B这件事中
纵向归纳法：
(1)devote A to B
He has devoted his whole life to teaching.
He has devoted his whole life to the educational course.
(2)devote宾语可以为oneself
He has devoted himself to teaching.
(3)devoted过去分词;专心的,忠诚的,在句中作定语、宾语补足语。
I found the man very devoted to his wife.
横向比较法：
to为介词短语,要求后面用动名词、名词或代词作宾语。如:
look forward to盼望
lead to导致
stick to坚持
object to反对
be opposed to反对
turn to转向；翻到……页
refer to指的是
be used to习惯于
see to处理，注意
give way to向……让步
be equal to与……平等
be familiar to对……熟悉
be reduced to沦为……地步
击破定式法：
The day they looked forward to________at last.
A.coming B.comes
C.has come D.came
答案:D they look forward to是the day的定语从句,本句主语为the day,谓语动词为came。 8.explain vt.解释;说明
纵向归纳法：
(1)explain sth.to sb.
Please explain this rule to me.
(2)explain to sb.+从句
He explained to his father why he had stayed out so late.
（3）explain to sb.+特殊疑问词+to do sth.
Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it.
综合运用法：
改错:
He told to me that he would come a little late and explained me why he had to.
答案:去掉told与me之间的“to”,在explained后加上“to”。
9.be careful
纵向归纳法：
(1)be careful单独使用,当心
Be careful! The pan is hot!
(2)be careful about…
I hope you'll be careful in future about the things you say.
(3)be careful of…
We have to be careful of what they are doing.
(4)be careful with…
You must be more careful with your work.
有时be careful with表示吝啬。
He's too careful with his money;he never buys a drink for anyone.
(5)be careful not to do sth.小心不要做……
We want to be careful not to break anything.
(6)be careful+从句
Be careful what you do.
联系语境法：
改错:
You must be careful of Helen.She needs you now.
答案:of改为with。海伦需要你,因此你需要认真对待她。
10.nature n.
纵向归纳法：
横向比较法：
nature(自然),前无冠词,并无复数变化,有类似用法的名词还有:
man人类，
space太空，
society社会，
word消息
联系语境法：
在有必要的地方用冠词填空
(1)Children love to walk through the woods to observe________nature.
(2)She has________kind nature.
答案:(1)/ (2)a
●方法实践
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.Many people________in the past.
A.lead a hard life B.lived hard lives
C.lived a hard life D.lead a hard lives
2.The old man makes a living________selling newspapers.
A.on B.by
C.at D.over
3.The animals in________wild lead an active life.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
4.Here is a problem needing to________us.
A.explain B.be explained
C.be explained to D.explained by
5.I didn't know the________are dying________.
A.animals in danger;out B.dangerous animal;out
C.dangerous animals;away D.danger animals;out
6.The poor in the country need________.
A.cared for B.caring
C.to be careful with D.to be taken care of
7.The people who are out of work should________the new situation quickly.
A.adapt in B.adapt themselves to
C.be adapt at D.adapt
8.The teacher explained________the main points________a list of them.
A.them;by making B.to them;to make
C.them;to make D.to them;by making
9.You can easily find the great harm they do________.
A.to nature B.to the nature
C.at nature D.in nature
10.We must________to protect the________animals.
A.take measure;dangerous B.take steps;danger
C.take measures;endangered D.take step;endangering
11.We are sure to find out________of things________them.
A.the causes and effects;by studying
B.the causes and effect;by learning
C.the cause and effect;at studying
D.the cause and effect;in studying
12.Eskimos make their clothes from the________of seals.
A.furs B.hair
C.fur D.skin
13.A final solution________the problem was thought________at last.
A.of;of B.to;of
C.to;about D.of;out
14.People try to keep animals________.
A.becoming endangered B.being endanger
C.from being endangered D.both B and C
15.Don't tell it to anyone,________to my parents.
A.above all B.after all
C.in all D.first of all
16.It doesn't________ a great difference________ he comes or not.
A.make;if B.make;whether
C.show;if D.show;whether
17.After so many years，he remains a(an)________worker.
A.common B.usual
C.ordinary D.extraordinary
18.Although the working mother is very busy，she still________a lot of time to her children. A.devotes B.spends
C.offers D.provides
19.His parents died when she was only a small child，so she was________by her aunt.
A.grew up B.brought up
C.picked up D.taken up
20.It is necessary to use a short-wave to________all kinds of programmes.
A.turn up B.ask for
C.put on D.pick up
21.People often want to know what my job is.Often I________that question.
A.ask B.am asking
C.get asked D.get asking
22.Elephants would________ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A.die down B.die out
C.die from D.die of
23.________word came that the new president was going to inspect(视察)our school.
A.A B.The
C.Some D./
24.The man is much________ his wife.
A.devoted to B.devoted at
C.devoting to D.devoting himself
25.In Hangzhou，Mr Green was so struck by________beauty of ________nature that he stayed for another night.
A./;/ B./;the
C.the;/ D.the;the
Ⅱ.完形填空
As Christmas is coming,there are presents to be bought,cards to be sent,and rooms to be cleaned.Parents are 1 with difficult jobs of hiding presents from curious young children.If the gifts are large,this is sometimes a real 2 .On Christmas Eve,young children find the excitement almost unbearable.They are torn between the wish to go to bed early so that Father Christmas will bring their presents quickly and the wish to 3 up late so that they will not 4 the fun.The wish for gifts usually proves stronger.But though children go to bed early,they often lie 5 for a long time,hoping to get a short 6 at Father Christmas.
Last Christmas,my wife and I 7 hid a few large presents in the storeroom.I 8 the moment when my son,Jimmy,would 9 me where that new bike had come from,but 10 he did not see it.
On Christmas Eve, 11 took the children hours to go to sleep.It must have been nearly 12
when my wife and I went quietly into their room and began 13 stockings.Then I pushed in the 14 I bought for Jimmy and left it beside the Christmas tree.We knew we would not get much sleep that night,for the children were 15 to get up early.At about five o'clock the next morning,we were 16 by loud sounds coming from the children's room-they were shouting excitedly! 17 I had time to get out of bed,young Jimmy came riding into the room on his new bike,and his sister,Mary,followed close behind pushing her new baby carriage. 18 the baby arrived.He moved 19 the hands and knees into the room dragging a large balloon behind him.Suddenly it burst.That woke us up 20 .The day had really begun with a band（巨响）!
1.A.faced B.met
C.filled D.pleased
2.A.question B.matter
C.problem D.business
3.A.get B.stay
C.stand D.wake
4.A.lose B.break
C.miss D.leave
5.A.awake B.wake
C.asleep D.sleep
6.A.look B.stare
C.glare D.watch
7.A.hopefully B.busily
C.gladly D.successfully
8.A.liked B.feared
C.surprised D.hated
9.A.answer B.tell
C.ask D.search
10.A.sadly B.unluckily
C.possibly D.fortunately
11.A.it B.they
C.I D.we
12.A.morning B.midnight
C.evening D.daybreak
13.A.filling B.sewing
C.mending D.preparing
14.A.present B.stocking
C.bike D.tree
15.A.going B.sure
C.glad D.excited
16.A.troubled B.frightened
C.woken D.shocked
17.A.Before B.After
C.Until D.Since
18.A.Even B.And
C.Soon D.Then
19.A.with B.on
C.over D.by
20.A.all B.nearly
C.happily D.completely
Ⅲ.短文改错
I used to love science class-all of them- 1.________
biology,chemistry,geography,physics.I think I 2.________
liked those classes because I felt that it helped me 3.________
understand what the world works.For example,when 4.________
I was a child,the rain was a mystery（奥秘）.In one 5.________
class,I learned it rained.I think science classes 6.________
clear up mysteries.But then there is always more 7.________
mysteries look into.What was my least favourite class? 8.________
That was maths.After learn the basics of the subject. 9.________
nothing else seemed very practically to me.I never 10.________
saw how I could use it in my daily life.
Ⅳ.书面表达
提示：你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下：
宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友
组织者：学生会
时间：8月15日（星期六）晚7:30
地点：主楼屋顶花园
活动内容：音乐、舞蹈、唱歌、游戏、交换小礼品（请包装好、签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词）
注意：1.广播稿约100词。
2.应包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文。
3.开头语已为你写好。
生词：交换礼品：to exchange gifts；学生会：the Student Union
May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make…
Ⅴ.同步语法专项练习
1.Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put
C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put
2.You can't imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas gifts.
A.how they were excited B.how excited they were
C.how excited they are D.they were how excited
3.John has a new car，I wonder when ________ it.
A.he got B.did he get
C.gets D.he is getting
4.I wonder how many years ago ________.
A.did your father retire B.your father retired
C.has your father retired D.your father has retired
5.What time do you think ________?
A.will Tom come here this morning
B.Tom will come here with John
C.is Tom coming here with John
D.can Tom get here this morning
6.Bob was never sure of ________ verbs of those were regular.
A.what B.that
C.if D.which
7.I'll eat ________ you give me.
A.that B.no matter that
C.whatever D.no matter which
8.These ancient Indians used to live in ________ is now a part of the United States.
A.where B.the place
C.which D.what
9.Can you tell me ________?
A.who is that woman B.who the woman is
C.whom is the woman D.that woman is
10.Jack said ________ to meet the American friends.
A.which he pleased B.he is pleased
C.that he was pleased D.what he was pleased
11.Lei Feng was always thinking of ________he could help others.
A.that B.how
C.whom D.which
12.-I believe ________ you've done your best and ________ things will improve.
-Thank you.
A.that;/ B./;/
C.what;what D./;that
13.The question he asked was ________ the electrical equipment should be stored.
A.what B.which
C.where D.because
14.These photographs will show you ________.
A.what our village looks like
B.what does our village look like
C.how our village looks like
D.how does our village look like
15.You can write about ________topic you like.
A.which B.whose
C.whatever D.no matter what
16.________ think will take care of the children?
A.Who you B.Who do you
C.Whom you D.Whom do you
17.He'd like to know what ________ today.
A.the weather looks B.does the weather look
C.the weather looks like D.does the weather look like
18.-Is that your watch?
-No，I can't tell ________.
A.whose is that watch B.whose that watch is
C.whose watch is that D.whose watch is
19.I want to know ________ the leather coat belong to.
A.whose B.which
C.that D.whom
20.I don't care ________they think of me.I'll do ________ I think right.
A.how;what B.what;how
C.what;what D.that;that
参考答案
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.C 过去时。
2.B by doing sth.通过做……。
3.C 固定短语:在野外。
4.C 被动语态与不定式混合应用。
5.A die out灭绝。
6.D
7.B adapt sb.to…使……适应于……。
8.D explain to sb.sth.。
9.A do harm to对……有危害;nature前无冠词。
10.C
11.A study研究。
12.C fur 不可数名词,指皮毛;skin 指表皮,皮肤。
13.B the solution to the problem这个问题的解决办法。
14.C 阻止……做……from不可以省略。
15.A 从重要性角度考虑。
16.B make a difference造成不同;It为形式主语, whether引导主语从句, if不可。
17.C 一位普通工人,用ordinary，常见的用common。
18.A devote…to…把……献给……。
19.B grow up不及物动词词组,不用被动语态。
20.D pick up接受电波。
21.C get asked=be asked。
22.B 灭绝。
23.D word为消息,前不接冠词。
24.A devoted to对……忠诚。
25.C 西湖的美景,特指;beauty前加the。
Ⅱ.完形填空
1.A 面临。
2.C 真正的问题。
3.B 固定词组，意为“熬夜”。
4.C 错过。
5.A 躺着不睡。
6.A 看一眼。
7.D 指把礼物藏好。
8.B 担心。
9.C 问。
10.D 幸运地是。
11.A it是形式主语，代替不定式to go to sleep。
12.B 半夜。
13.A 装满。
14.C 下文谈到，礼物是自行车，所以选C。
15.B 确信。
16.C 吵醒。
17.A 还没来得及。
18.A 就连小孩子也来了,even甚至。
19.B 爬着进了屋子。
20.D 彻底地，完全地
Ⅲ.短文改错
1.class→classes 2.√ 3.it→they 4.what→how 5.去掉the 6.在it前加why 7.is→are 8.在look前加to 9.learn→learning 10.practically→practical
Ⅳ.书面表达
May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening,August 15,to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building.It will begin at 7:30 p.m.There will be music,dancing,singing,games and exchange of gifts.Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose?Remember to warp it up,sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don't forget:7:30,Saturday evening,roof garden,Main Building.There's sure to be a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.
Ⅴ.同步语法专项练习
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
6.D of those表示范围;因此用which。
7.C whatever无论什么。
8.D 介词in后接宾语从句。
9.B 10.C 11.B
12.D 宾语从句为两个并列分句时,第二句的that不可省。
13.C 14.A 15.C
16.B do you think为插入语, will主语为who。
17.C 18.B
19.D 作“to”宾语;用宾格 “whom”。
20.C 句型what do you think of …征求对方意见。