Unit9 非谓语动词
一、考点聚焦
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题
（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
His job is to guard.(说明内容)
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.
③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
She is now looking for a room to live in.
（5）不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
（7）不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.
He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。
⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：
He could not but walk home.
（8）不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：
Susan is not what she used to be.
-You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
-I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
（1）动名词作宾语。
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。
②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。
③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：
begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand
例 句 解 析
1. It began to rain. It began raining.
2. It was beginning to snow.
3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.
4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to.
5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.
1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。
2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。
remember, forget, regret, try
例 句 解 析
1. I remember to meet her at the station.
I remember seeing her once somewhere.
2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday.
I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.
3. I regret not having working hard.
I regret to hear of your sister’s death.
4. Try knocking at the back door.
We must try to get everything ready.
5. That will mean flooding some land.
I had meant to go on Monday. 1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事
remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事
2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事
forget doing sth.忘记做过的事
3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉
regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔
4. try to do sth.设法……，试图
try doing sth.试试看，试一试
5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要
mean doing sth.意味着，就是
want, require, need
例 句 解 析
These desks need repairing.
These desks need to be repaired.
The patient required examined
The patient required to be examined. 1. need doing 需要被做
need to be done需要被做
2. want doing
want to be done
3. require doing
require to be done
4、分词复习应注意的几个问题
（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）
Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.
Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.
②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note
③伴随状语
The girls came in, following their parents.
④结果状语
The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
（2）分词作表语。
S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：
感官动词 动词原形→做了某事
S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事
使役动词 过去分词→做了或被做
5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题
过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。
（1）过去分词作原因状语
Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.
= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.
Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.
=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.
（2）作时间状语
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.
=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.
（3）作条件状语
Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.
=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.
（4）伴随状语
The teacher came in, followed by some students.
=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.
分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：
Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001)
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。
2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(2001年春季高考)
A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct
解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. –ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。
3. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)
A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung
解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。
三、专项训练
1. Do you notice the boy_______the street now?
A.crossing B.cross C.to cross D.crossed
2. Have you heard someone_______at the door?
A.knocking B.knock C.to knock D.was knocking
3. The thief was watched_______a bank.
A.enter B.entered C.to enter D.have entered
4. We can depend on the workers_______out the plan.
A.carrying B.carry C.carried D.to carry
5. Have you got enough room_______all the people?
A.to seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seated
6. He is said_______six foreign languages.
A.to learn B.to have learned C.learned D.being learning
7. Is it possible_______in two months?
A.the building to finish B.for the building to finish
C.for the building to be finished D.the building to be finished
8. The film is reported_______on show at the cinema.
A.being B.will be C.to being D.to be
9. _______as the best one in the class,he won high praise.
A.Regarded B.Regarding C.To regard D.Regard
10. I couldn't help_______sorry for coming late.
A.felt B.feeling C.feel D.to feel
11. _______in an accident,the passengers were taken to a nearby hospital.
A.Being injured B.Injuring
C.Injured D.To be injured
12. The soldier did everything he could_______the boy in water.
A.save B.saving C.saved D.to save
13. The woman_______is my English teacher.
A.being spoken to B.to speak to C.speaking to D.spoken
14. Professor Saifer set out_______ancient history two years ago.
A.studying B.to study C.study D.studied
15. She spoke too quickly_______.
A.to understand B.not to understand C.to be walking D.walking
16. We talked while_______.
A.to walk B.walked C.to be walking D.walking
17. There was an_______book on his face when the actress appeared.
A.excited B.excite C.exciting D.excitedly
18. We were all_______at the_______news.
A.surprised;surprised B.surprised;surprising
C.surprising;surprising D.surprising;surprised
19. This is the very problem_______this morning.
A.discuss B.discussed C.to be discussed D.discussing
20. It is well known that a tiger looks very_______.
A.frightened B.being frightened
C.to frighten D.frightening
21. _______the performance started.
A.After we took our seats B.Having taken our seats
C.Taking our seats D.Being taken the seats.
22. _______worried us very much.
A.Tom fell in B.Tom's falling ill
C.Tom has fallen ill D.Tom to fall ill
23. This question needs_______with great care.
A.to study B.being studied C.studying D.studied
24. I still remember_______to Beijing when I was a child.
A.being taken B.taking C.to take D.to be taken
25. _______up and down the platform,he looked anxiously at his watch all the time.
A.To walk B.To have walked C.Having walked D.Walking
26. What about_______a walk outside?
A.to take B.taking C.being taken D.having taken
27. The instrument is used_______machines.
A.checking B.to be checked C.to check D.to checking
28. -There is something wrong with your TV set.
-Yes,I'm going to have it_______.
A.repaired B.be repair C.repair D.to be repaired
29. The secretary worked late into the night,_______a long speech for the president.
A.to repare B.prepared C.was preparing D.preparing
30. Because of my poor English,I can't make myself_______.
A.understand B.understood C.to understand D.understanding
31. The murderer was brought in with his hands_______behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.tired D.to be tired
32. Don't you remember_______?
A.seeing the man before B.to see the man before
C.saw the man before D.to have seen the man before
33. Do you mind_______the meeting till next week?
A.put forward B.putting off C.to put off D.putting down
34. The bird was lucky that it just missed_______.
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
35. He forgot_______the manager his business card already so he handed him another one.
A.to hand B.to have handed C.being handed D.having handed
36. He suggested_______a film tonight.
A.going and seeing B.to go and see
C.went to see D.go to see
37. These children_______taking care of.
A.like B.require C.remember D.mind
38. I can hardly imagine Peter_______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
39. The poor woman with her two children_______in the street corner.
A.was seen beg B.were seen beg
C.were seen begging D.was seen begging
40. There was a terrible noise_______the sudden burst of light.
A.following B.followed C.to be followed D.being followed
41. Most of the artists_______to the party were from South Africa.
A.to invite B.invited C.being invited D.had been invited
42. I've heard him_______about you often.
A.spoke B.speaks C.speak D.spoken
43. The two pens are so alike that I really don't know_______.
A.where to choose B.to choose what
C.to choose which D.which to choose
44. John kept quiet about his mistake_______lose his job.
A.so as not to B.so not as to
C.so as to not D.not so as to
45. Tell him_______here late again tomorrow.
A.be not to B.not to be C.to not be D.being not to be
46. Though he had often made his little sister_______,today he was made_______by his sister.
A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry
47. They would not allow him_______across the enemy line.
A.risking to go B.for risk to go
C.to risk going D.risk going
48. Before I arrived in London,I had never heard a word of English_______.
A.speak B.spoken C.to be spoken D.speaking
49. She pretended_______me when I passed by.
A.not seeing B.to not see C.having not seen D.not to see
50. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_______on a big rock by the side of the path.
A.to rest B.resting C.rest d.to have rested
51. Last summer I took a course on_______.
A.how to be made dresses B.how dresses to be made
C.how to lmake dresses D.how dresses being made
52. The ice is too thin to_______.
A.walk B.walk on C.walking on D.walk on it
53. The cry of boy_______could be heard far away.
A.being beaten B.to have been beaten
C.to be beaten D.beaten by his father
54. My aunt's job is_______children in the nursery.
A.for looking after B.looking for
C.caring for D.to take care of
55. I don't think it's much good_______.
A.write B.wrote C.written D.writing
56. He regretted_______the work_______.
A.to have left;unfinished B.leaving;unfinished
C.leaving;not being finished D.not to leave;finishing
57. _______a seat,she left her things on it.
A.Being found B.Having found C.Found D.To find
58. The teacher found nobody but Jack_______in the room.
A.sit B.seat C.seating D.seated
59. I won't have you_______up and down all day.
A.ran B.run C.running D.to run
60. That you gave him such a book to read meant_______.
A.wasting his time B.to waste his time
C.being wasted his time D.to be wasted his time
61. The wounded soldier escaped_______in the fighting.
A.killing B.being killed
C.to be killed D.having killed
62. Does your shirt want_______,Mr.Smith?
A.being washed B.to wash C.to be washing D.to be washed
63. To answer correctly is more important than_______.
A.finish quickly B.finishing quickly
C.to finish quickly D.that you finish quickly
64. Will you permit me_______to the cinema?
A.to go B.go C.going D.to have gone
65. There seemed nothing else to do but_______a doctor.
A.to send for B.send for C.call for D.to call on
66. _______paper can be made use of again.
A.Wasting B.Wastes C.To waste D.Wasted
67. Mr.Crossett seemed_______the visitor somewhere.
A.to meet B.to be meeting C.to have met D.meeting
68. She happened_______in Shanghai when the war broke out.
A.to study B.studying C.to be studying D.studied
69. The pen_______on the table belongs to me.
A.lying B.lay C.lain D.which it is
70. _______,Mary had to ask for leave to tend her.
A.Being ill B.Her mother being ill
C.Her mother was ill D.Her mother to be ill
71. We have known little about the plan.We have never heard it openly______.
A.discussing B.to discuss C.being discussed D.discussed
72. A cold rain was falling,_______with ice balls.
A.mixed B.mixing C.to mix D.having mixed
73. When_______why he was late,he just stared at us and said nothing.
A.being asked B.asking C.asked D.to be asked
74. We had never spent a_______day.
A.most worried B.more worrying C.most worrying D.more worried
75. With the horse_______the way,we had no trouble finding the place.
A.led B.to lead C.having led D.leading
76. _______two telephone calls,he hurried back to his car.
A.Having made B.Making C.To have made D.After having made
77. _______the answer immediately.Tom_______a blank on his test paper.
A.Not to know;put B.Not having known;made
C.Not knowing;left D.Knowing not;kept
78. Her parents objected to_______that farmer,though he has a lot of money.
A.her marrying B.marrying C.marry D.her marrying with
79. Almost everyone fails_______on the first try.
A.in passing his driver's test B.to pass his driver's test
C.to have passed his driver's test D.passing his driver's test
80. Please excuse my_______in without_______.
A.come;asking B.coming;asking
C.to come;being asked D.coming;being asked
81. I would appreciate_______back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling
82. My wish is_______an engineer.
A.to become B.becoming C.become D.being come
83. Isabel can't stand anyone_______noises during a concert.
A.to make B.making C.to be making D.having made
84. My friend Peter lost a lot of weight_______every day.
A.to exercise B.for exercise
C.for exercising D.by exercising
85. When people eat at restaurants,they prefer_______for a table_______with people they don't know.
A.waiting;to sitting B.waiting;than sitting
C.to wait;to sit D.to wait;than sit
86. -When will you see your father?
-I'm looking forward_______this summer vacation.
A.to see him B.to have seen him
C.to seeing him D.to be seeing him
87. I delayed_______your letter because I had been away for a week.
A.to answer B.answering C.answered D.being answered
88. Did you forget_______the same question last week?
A.to ask B.that had asked C.to be asked D.being asked
89. I'm sorry I forget_______your dictionary.Let's borrow one from Li Ping.
A.to bring B.bringing C.to take D.taking
90. Besides her research work,Mary has a sick mother at home_______.
A.to look after B.to be looked after
C.taking care of D.taken care of
91. While watching television_______.
A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell was rung
C.we heard the doorbell ring D.the bell of the door rang
92. He advised_______there as soon as possible.
A.me to driving B.me to drive C.to driving D.to drive
93. The doctor insisted on_______a good rest of before going back to work.
A.him to take B.he took C.his taken D.his taking
94. I was deep in thought.I didn't notice_______.
A.him come in B.he came in C.him to come in D.he coming in
95. We have never observed him_______to his parents like that.
A.was speaking B.to speak C.speak D.speaking
96. I regretted_______your advice.
A.having not taken B.not having taken C.taking not D.not take
97. The night club,_______last month,was popular with the college students near it.
A.being opened B.to be opened C.opened D.to be opening
98. He was left_______in the park,with no one looking after him.
A.sitting B.seating C.to seat D.to sit
99. They made laws_______the black_______the white.
A.to separate;to B.separate;from
C.separating;to D.to separate;from
100. If you fail,you may try_______it in another way.
A.to do B.doing C.did D.being done
101. -How did you manage_______to the airport?
-I got Charlie_______me there.
A.to get;to drive B.to get;driving
C.getting;to drive D.getting;driving
参考答案
1-10 ABCDA BCDAB 11-20 CDABC DABCD
21-30 ABCAD BCADB 31-40 CABCD ABCDA
41-50 BCDAB ACBDA 51-60 CBACD BBDCA
61-70 BDCAB DCCAB 71-80 DACBD ACABD
81-90 CABDA CBDAA 91-101 CBDAC BCADB C