Unit4 形容词和副词
一、考点聚焦
1、形容词、副词的作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；
（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。
（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。
（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：
deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：
dead完全，绝对be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相当be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、迟arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
2、复合形容词的构成
（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的
(2)形容词 + 形容词
red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的
（3）形容词 + 现在分词
good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的
（4）副词 + 现在分词
hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的
（5）副词 + 过去分词
hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的
（6）名词 + 形容词
life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的
（7）名词 + 现在分词
peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的
（8）名词 + 过去分词
snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的
（9）数词 + 名词 + ed
four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的
（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）
ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的
3、形容词和副词的比较等级
（1）原级的构成和用法。
构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
（3）比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。
① as much as + 不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知（论）
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)几组重要的词语辨析。
①very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
A.the best B.more C.better D.the most
解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。
三、专项训练
形容词
1.This dictionary is_______of the two books.
A.thicker B.thickest C.thick D.the thicker
2._______the hotel is,_______the service should be.
A.The more expensive;the more better B.More expensive;the better
C.The more expensive;the better D.More expensive;more better
3.-Do you enjoy listening to records?
-I think records are often_______actual performance.
A.as good as or better than an B.as good or better than a
C.like good or better than an D.as good as any other
4.I’ll get there by six,if_______.
A.not sooner B.no sooner C.not more quickly D.no quick
5.The bananas taste_______and sell_______.
A.good;good B.well;well C.good;well D.well;good
6.Your plan proved_______.
A.correctly B.to correct C.to be corrected D.correct
7.Wait!I have_______to tell you.
A.something of use B.useful something
C.something usefully D.something useful
8.The experiment is_______to be done again.
A.worth B.worthy C.worthy of D.worth of
9._______as the maths problems is,I can work it out.
A.Difficult B.Difficulty C.Difficulties D.Though difficult
10.My brother is_______a teacher,he is also a writer.
A.no more than B.more than C.not more than D.less than
11.Now the prisoner felt_______without her family nor her friends.
A.much more alone B.far more alone
C.very more lonely D.even more lonely
12.-What can we do with the remaining money?
-We’ve got to be_______and buy only what we need.
A.really B.true C.practical D.practised
13.This is_______beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
A.the most B.very C.the very D.a most
14.I felt so_______that I fell_______at once.
A.sleepily;asleep B.sleepy;asleep C.sleepless;asleep D.sleepy;sleeping
15.You’d better keep the door_______and the window_______at night.
A.shutting;opening B.shut;opening C.shut;opened D.shut;open
16.Mary is a_______pretty girl and Tom is a_______naughty boy.
A.rather;rather B.fairly;fairly C.fairly;rather D.rather;fairly
17.Alice is_______,although she’s not nearly as old.
A.as tall as she B.as tall as her C.as tall as hers D.tall as her
18.The music sounds_______.
A.sweet and beautifully B.sweetly and beautiful
C.sweetly and beautifully D.sweet and beautiful
19.The twins look very_______.
A.like B.alike C.same D.likely
20.My brother is three years_______than I.
A.smaller B.less C.younger D.elder
21.We have to wait for the_______notice.
A.further B.father C.far D.farer
22.Open your eyes_______notice anyone entering the room.
A.widely B.wide C.more wide D.more widely
23.The sun is believed to be_______the moon.
A.very bigger than B.more brighter than
C.much larger than D.more bright than
24.Africa is the second_______continent in the world.
A.large B.larger C.more large D.largest
25.This kind of bike is cheaper than_______kind of bike in the shop.
A.other B.any other C.another D.any of the bikes
26.This new type of TV set is very thin,and it is______than a one-hundred-page book.
A.no thinner B.no thicker C.not thinner D.less than
27.Mike is still_______with his work as he was when I saw him last.
A.more careful B.the most careful C.as careful D.as carefully
28.-Are you going to the football game?
-No,the tickets are_______for me.
A.terrible expensive B.so much expensive
C.far too expensive D.highly expensive
29.We still love our teacher_______.
A.deep B.dear C.deeply D.high
30.Yesterday I bought a jacket but it was_______small.
A.a little too B.too little C.very too D.too very
31.Last night we met with_______rain on our way home from our factory.
A.a quite heavy B.too heavy a C.such heavy a D.a so heavy
32.The lecture was so_______that all the people in the hall were_______.
A.moving;exciting B.moving;excited C.moved;moving D.moved;moved
33.After the flood,no house in the village_______.
A.was left B.left standing C.remained standing D.was remained stood
34.The accident is_______fresh in my memory than when it happened.
A.little B.a little C.no less D.more
35.I think this is_______I can do for you.
A.bestly B.the best C.better D.good
副词
1.This one is_______too large,give me a smaller one.
A.fairly B.very C.so D.rather
2.Don’t go out because it is raining_______.
A.deeply B.thickly C.strongly D.heavily
3.You’ll be late for school if you don’t put on your clothes_______.
A.quickly B.fast C.soon D.rapidly
4.Have you returned him the book_______?
A.still B.yet C.also D.too
5.Prices for the new type DVD can run_______500 to 1000 dollars.
A.so highly to B.so high as C.as high as D.as highly as
6.This is the best film I have_______seen.
A.always B.never C.often D.ever
7.There is only a little time left.We had to run_______to catch the plane.
A.hard B.hardly C.strongly D.well
8._______we get up before 10 o’clock.
A.Never B.Seldom C.Sometimes D.Always
9.He used his car_______for going to the shops.
A.most B.almost C.nearly D.mostly
10.Your grandmother is_______to need a doctor.
A.too ill B.ill enough C.so ill D.enough ill
11.He said the TV set was_______than he wanted.
A.fairly larger B.rather larger C.rather large D.fairly large
12.I don’t know him_______to ask for help.
A.well enough B.good enough C.enough surely D.enough well
13.The speaker said_______nothing worth listening to.
A.almost B.nearly C.hardly D.mostly
14.John_______told his teacher all about the matter.
A.maybe B.probably C.possibly D.perhaps
15.Of all our school activities,I like dancing_______.
A.most B.best of all C.best D.all the best
16.Our physics professor went_______two days ago.
A.to abroad B.in abroad C.to the abroad D.abroad
17.-Where is Li Ping?
-He is working_______.
A.upstairs B.in upstairs C.at the upstairs D.for the upstairs
18.Smoking is so bad for his health that he doesn’t smoke_______.
A.no longer B.no more C.any longer D.any more
19.We must leave at once,_______we’ll miss the train.
A.so B.then C.otherwise D.and
20.We don’t know much about mathematics_______.
A.too B.neither C.also D.either
21.He is_______thinking of how to make more money.
A.always B.usually C.often D.ever
22.What do you know the strike broke_______for?
A.up B.out C.down D.on
23.It is_______that his article is_______perfect.
A.sure;very B.right;rather C.certain;quite D.exact;fairly
24.-Is the bus stop far from here?
-It’s a quarter’s walk,_______.
A.more and more B.and so on C.all together D.more and less
25.The sports shoes are_______for me.
A.a little too small B.a little small to
C.too small a little D.too a little small
26.-Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?
-No,I would gladly have paid_______for it.
A.twice so much B.twice as much C.as much twice D.so much twice
27._______,the medical team is made up of twelve doctors.
A.Altogether B.Entirely C.Completely D.Wholly
28.I don’t often get sick,but_______I do catch cold.
A.here and there B.again and again
C.now and then D.over and over
29.When you drive home,you can’t be_______careful.
A.very B.too C.so D.only
30.Though he failed in the experiment,_______he didn’t give up.
A.but B.and yet C.yet D.still
参考答案
形容词
1-10 DCAAC DDBAB 11-20 DCABD CADBC 21-30 ABCDB BCCCA 31-35 BBCDB
副词
1-10 DDABC DACDB 11-20 CAABC DABCD 21-30 ABBDC AACBA