一、单元考点提示
1.词汇
excellent, wind, strengthen, frequently, recover, smart, distant, lately, get together, all the best, have a word with, in other words, connect with, free of charge, have… on, would like to have a word with sb., bring along, due to, turn into, tire, chain, haircut, pin, secretary, forgive, trick, roll, owe, tear, wish… every success, congratulate…on, invite…to, go on a picnic, get tired of, drop in, have a haircut
2.句型
(1)How a telephone works is a question which not every one can answer.
(2)…and it took a long time before people began to hire or buy them.
(3)I wish you every success in the future.
(5)Now let’s drink to the success of your school!
3.语法
(1)复习名词性从句
(2)复习第19-23单元语法
4.交际用语
(1)There’s no… here.
(2)I’m sorry, I think I dialled the wrong number.
(3)I called to ask/tell you.
(4)I’ll have to ring off now.
(5)I’ve come to say good bye. I’m leaving on Sunday.
(6)I wish you every success in the future.
(7)I’d also like to congratulate you on your good work in these two years.
二、考点精析与拓展
1.lack
lack可用作及物或不及物动词，还可用作不可数名词，有“缺乏，缺少”之意。如：
lack money/courage缺钱/ 缺少勇气；lack(in) experience/ courage缺少经验/勇气；have no lack of...不缺乏；for lack of…因为缺乏。对比：
He is lacking in courage./He lacks courage.他缺少勇气。
The plants died for lack of water. 因为缺水植物枯死了。
[应用]完成句子
①她经验不足，无法获得这项工作。
She________ ______ ______to get the job.
②他们不缺钱，而缺技术工作。
They______ ______ _______ of money but_______skilled workers.
Key: ①lacked,the,experience
②have,no,lack,lack
2.remind,remember
remind表示“提醒，使记起，使想起”，可接复合宾语，that从句或与of连用；而remember意为“记得（做）某事”，主语必须是人。如：
He reminded me to answer the letter as early as possible.
He reminded me that I would answer the letter as early as possible.
他提醒我尽早回信。
This photo reminds me of my childhood.
这张照片使我想起了我的童年。
Do you remember the advice I gave you?
你记得我给你的忠告吗？
[应用]完成句子
①这使我想起我们假日里一同做过的事。
This _______ _______ ______what we did together during our holidays.
②我还记得小时候被带着去北京的事情。
I still______ _______ _______to Beijing when I was a child.
Key:①reminds,me,of ②remember,being,taken
3.表示“祝愿”的几种句型
①名词短语（+to you）:Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐。
Best wishes for Teachers’Day.祝教师节愉快。
②All the best.祝万事如意。
All the best with your family.祝全家好。
All the best in your study/business.
祝你学习/事业顺利。
③主语+wish+sb.+名词/形容词
I wish you happy.我祝你幸福。
We wish you greater progres.
我们祝你取得更大进步。
④I hope+that 从句：
I hope you’ll enjoy being with us.
我们希望你和我们在一起很高兴。
⑤部分祈使句也可表祝愿：
Remember me to your family.
代我向你全家问好。
Send best wishes to him.
向他问好。
[应用]选择正确答案
-Have a nice weekend!
-________.(MET’92)
A.The same to you B.You do too
C.The same as you D.You have it too
Key:A
4.have on,have…on
have on 表示“穿着，戴着”，有have on sth.或have sth.,on结构，强调状态，无进行时，但有动词-ing短语形式。have…on表示“有事，有约（会）”。对比：
On Children’s Day,children always have on their new clothes.
儿童节那天孩子们总是穿着新衣服。
I’ve nothing on tomorrow.Let’s go together.
明天我没事，咱们一起去吧。
误：In fact the king was having nothing on.
正：In fact the king had nothing on.
事实上国王什么也没穿。
正：The king having nothing on walked in the front.
一丝不挂的国王走在最前面。
[应用]汉译英
①He has something on this evening.I’ve to go without him.
②He has his uniform on this evening.
5.word 短语归纳
①would like a word with sb.想和某人说句话；
have a word with sb.与某人说句话；
get in a word /get a word in 插话；
in a (one)word总之， 一句话。
②keep one’s word信守诺言，break one’s word失信；translate sth. word for word 逐字翻译；have/get word(that)…有消息说，获得消息，听说；Word has come/came that…传来消息说……；
③have a few words with sb.和某人说几句话；have words(with sb.)争吵，争论；in words 用言语；with words口头上，in other words/in another word换句话说;match words with deeds言行一致；waster one’s words白费口舌；the last words临终遗言；sharp words苛刻的话；soft words甜言蜜语
④[应用]完成句子
①传来消息说中国女子足球队获亚军。
_______ ________ _______the Chinese Women Football Team had won
second place.
②我听说他们昨晚相互争吵起来。
I________ _________ that they_________ _________with each other last night.
6.“条件从句+主句”中的虚拟语气
①与现在事实相反：从句中用动词的过去式（be 多用were），主句中用would/should/could/might + 动词原形。如：
If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.（84年高考）如果没有虚拟语气的话，英语就更容易了。
②与过去事实相反：从句中用had + 过去分词，主句中用would/ should/could/might + have+过去分词。如：
If my lawyer had been hare last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.（MET’89）
如果上周六我的律师在这里的话，他会阻止我去的。
③与将来事实相反：从句中用动词的过去式或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词的形，主句中用would/should/could/might + 动词原形。如：
If it should rain tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.
如果明天下雨，他们就不骑自行车去了。
[应用]选择正确答案
① You didn’t let me drive .If we _________in turn,you ________
so tired.(NMET’96)
A.dove, didn’t get B.drove, wouldn’t get
C.were driving,wouldn’t get D.had driven, wouldn’t have got
②-If the _______, he_______that food.
-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(MET’93)
A.was warned, would not take
B.had been warned, would not have taken
C.would be warned, had not taken
D.would have been warned, had not taken
Key:①D ②B
7.street, highway, road, path
street指位于城镇都市内，路面平整，两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道，highway,指供车辆行使的主要道路或公路，是城市间的主要通道；road指通向某一目的地的任何道路；path指只容人通行的小路，山路。
[应用]阅读下列句子，体会画线词的意思。
①This is the point where two busy streets meet.
②They turnede off the main highway onto a winding earth road.③There is a narrow road from our village to the next one.
④Walk along the path or you may lose your way.
8.lecture, speech, talk, repot
lecture多指学术方面的“演讲，报告”；而speech指在公众面前做的经过准备的较正式的“演说，发言”；talk是一般性的“讲话，谈话”，report指正式的“报告，报道，汇报”。
[应用]英译汉
①give a lecture ②attend a lecture
③make a speech ④give a talk
⑤receive a report ⑥make a report
⑦send in a report ⑧a school report
key:①作演讲 ②出席演讲会 ③发表演说 ④发表讲话 ⑤收到报告⑥作报告 ⑦呈交报告 ⑧成绩报告单
9.不能接双宾语的几个动词
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接双宾语，若以人作宾语常置于to后。如：
The president announced to the workers the sad news.
The president announced the sad news to the workers.
总裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。
He introduced the new comer to everyone here.
他把新来的那个人介绍给这里的每个人。
report to sb.向某人汇报：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人汇报/告诉。
[应用]单句改错
①The teacher explained his students how to use the computer.
②No one declared us we could not smoke here.
Key:①explain后加to ②declare后加to
10.be due to, due to
be due(to)有“应付给，应到的，预期的”之意，多用作表语，to不定式符号；而due to表示“由于，起因于”时，to是介词，相当于because of。如：
The train is due to arrive at 12.
火车应于12点到。
When is the ship due?
船预定何时到？
The accident was due to careless driving
车祸是粗心驾车引起的。
[应用]完成句子
①那项计划由于资金不足而失败。
The program failed ________ _________lack of money.
②希尔先生预定明天演讲两次。
Mr Hill_________ _________ ________ lecture twice tomorrow.
Key:①due,to ②is ,due, to
11.raise, rise
①raise是及物动词，后接宾语，可用于被动语态。表示把人或物提高到较高的位置（水平），即指具体的物，又用于抽象意义。如：
raise one’s hand/head/eyes/a stone/the flag/one’s pay/ the
price/one’s voice
举起手/抬起头/往上看/举起石头/升旗/提高工资/提价/声音大点。
②rise是不及物动词，不能接宾语，无被动语态，表示“上升，升起，起身，起立，起床，增长”等意义。如：river rise河水涨；price rise 物价上涨；rise from one’s seat从座位上站起来；rise early早起。
短语：raise a shout of joy高兴地喊起；
raise chickens/horses/children/a question养鸡/养马/养育孩子/提出问题；rise up起义，奋起反抗；get a rise /raise增加工资。
[应用]完成句子
①他站在那儿注视着国旗缓缓升起。
He stood there watching the flag_______ ________.
②价格涨到10美元。
The price_________ _________to 10 dollars./The price_______
to 10 dollars.
③不久就能看到蒸气从湿衣服上冒出来。
Soon steam can be seen __________ from the wet clothes.
④他要求老板加薪。
He asked the boss fo_________ ________.
Key:①being, raised ②was raised /rose
③rising ④a, rise(raise)
12.owe
①表示“欠钱，欠债”，用于owe sth.to sb.或owe sb. sth.结构。如：
We still owe over 1,000 yuan to Lao Wang.
我们还欠老王1000多元钱。
②用于引申意义，表示“欠情，感恩，感激，归功于”。如：
I owe thanks to Annie or this priceless gift of speech.
我感激安妮给了我说话能力这个无价之宝。
If I have improved in English, I owe it to my teacher.
[应用]完成句子
①她仍欠裁缝上周做衣服的钱。
She still________ the tailor_________ the clothes she had last week.
②他现在还活着是多亏了你。
He ________ it__________you that he is still alive.
Key:①owes, for ②owes, to
13.excuse, pardon,forgive
excuse“原谅，宽恕”，语气较轻，指对轻微的冒犯、失礼等的原谅；pardon用于正式场合时意为“赦免”，也有“原谅，对不起”之意，语气最重；forgive指免除某人犯错误或违法承担的后果，或不追究其应受责备的行为。三个词都常与for连用，表示“原谅某人……”。
[应用]汉译英
①请原谅我迟到了。
②我永远不会原谅你昨天晚上说过的话。
Key:①Please excuse we for being late.
②The court pardoned the man who had broken the law for a certain reason.
③I’ll never orgive you for what you said to me last night.
14.expect, wait
二者均有“等待”之意，但有不同。expect侧重心理状态，因而可译为“期待，期盼”， 是及物动词；而wait指行动，有“不干别的事专门等”之意，是不及物动词。对比：
They are busy with prepartions, expecting the foreign guests.
他们忙着准准备，期待着外宾的到来。
Holding little flags, the children are waiting for the foreign guests.
孩子们手拿小旗，在等待外宾的到来。
[应用]完成句子
①她很久没有儿子的消息了，因而期待着他的电话。
She hasn’t heard from her son for a long time, so she _______
telephones from him.
②他正等着要和你说句话。
He ________ ________ to have a word with you.
Key:①expects ②is ,waiting
15.congratulate, congratulations
①congratulate是动词，作“祝贺、庆祝”解时，必须以被祝贺的人作宾语，构成：congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.表示“祝贺某人……”。另外：congratulate oneself表示“庆幸，感到幸运”。如：
We congratulated him on his success/his having succeeded.
我们祝贺他的成功。
I congrtulated myself on having escaped unhurt.
我因自己幸免于难而感到幸运。
②congratulation是名词，多用作复数形式。注意下列用法：
Congratulations!(单独使用)祝贺你！
Congratulations on your success对你的成功我表示祝贺。
Congratulations to everybody!祝贺大家！
Please accept my congratulations on your birthday.
请接受我对你的生日祝贺。
[应用]选择正确答案
We offered him our congratulations_________his passing the college entrance exams.(MET’93)
A.at B.on C.for D.of
16.常用“（should）+ 动词原形”的几个句型
①动词+宾语从句中。这类动词是：一个坚持（insist）;一个命令（order）;两个建议（suggest, advise）三个要求（desire, demand, require）。如：
The teacher desired that she(should)not give up her idea.
老师要求她不要放弃自己的想法。
②It is/was + 上述动词的过去分词+that从句中。如：
It’s suggeste that the job be done in another way.
有人建议用另一种方式做这项工作。
③It is /was + important/necessary/strange/a pity + that主语从句中。例如：
It’s necessary that you should be present at the discussion.
你很有必要参加这次讨论。
④suggestion, order, request, idea等名词后的表从句和同位语从句中。如：
The boss gave orders that the work be started at once.
老板下令马上开始这项工作
My request is that you(should)make an apology to your teacher.
我的要求是你向你的老师道歉。
[应用]单句改错
①I insist that a doctor must be sent for immediately
②My suggestion is that you will listen to the CCTV English news
every day.
Key:①改must为should ②改will为should
17.effort短语归纳
make the greatest effort 做最大努力；make great efforts尽最大努力；make a special effort作出特殊努力；make an effort to do sth.努力做某事；make every effort to help you尽力帮助你;make one last effort作最后的努力；make no effort不努力；spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力去做某事;with(an)effort艰难地；without effort轻而易举地；in an effort努力。
[应用]完成句子
①他身体很强壮，可以轻易地提起那个重箱子。
He is strong enough to lift the heavy box _________.
②我们会不遗余力地阻止他们采取这一步骤。
We will ________ _______ _______to prevent them from takingthis
step.
③他艰难地游泳，为的是救出那个孩子。
He swam with difficulty________ _________ _______ ________ save
the boy.
④我不会努力去帮助这样的人。
I’ll ________ _________ _______ to help such a person.
Key:①without,effout ②spare, to ,efforts
③in, an, effort, to ④make, no, efforts
18.动词 + about
read about读到有关的内容；know about了解；learn about得知有关……；hear about 听说过；forget about 忘记有关……；talk about 谈论；argue about争论；chat about闲谈；tell about讲述有关……；think about考虑；write about写有关的……；joke about拿……开玩笑；worry about为……担心。
[应用]汉译英
①我已在报纸上读到了有关这次事故的情况。
②这件事我几乎忘了。
Key:①I’ve read about the accident in the newspaper.
②I almost forget about this matter.
19.tear短语归纳
tear out撕下，扯下，拔起；tear up 撕碎，拔起（后一词义同tear out）;tear down撕下，拆毁，tear at撕扯某物；tear sth.open把……撕开；tear sth.to(into)pieces把……撕成碎片。
[应用]完成句子
①这本书的前几页被人撕掉了。
The first pages of this book were ________ ________by someone.
②很多树被大风拔起了。
Many trees were________ ________by the strong wind.
③她一看完就把信撕碎了。
She _________ _________ the letter the moment she had read it.
④工人们把旧房拆了，在原址建起了新房。
The workmen__________ _________the old house and built a new
one in its place.
Key:①torn, out ②torn, out(up)
③tore, up ④tore, down
三、精典名题导解
题1 （NMET 2001）
The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.
A.from B.in C.of D.at
分析：C。该题考查介词用法。由于受in one’s spare time短语的影响，此题易误选B。此题的最佳答案是C。of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”，与名词little连用，little of my spare time意思是“仅有的业余时间”。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句，连接代词what连同所修饰的在从句中作主语的名词little提到从句之首。“a little of + 不可数名词”表示肯定，意为“一点，少许”；little前无冠词，表示否定，意为“少到几乎没有”。
题2 (上海 2000)
what he said just now _________me of that American professor.]
A.mentioned B.informed C.remind D.memorized
分析：C。句中需要的动词应该用于“v. + sb. + of sth.”结构中，A、D不能用于此结构。sb. inform sb.of sth.某人通知（报告）某人某事，不合句意。
题3 （NMET 1999）
Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard
-__________,you failed.
A.in the end B.after all
C.in other words D.at the same time
分析：C。本题考查介词短语作为连接性附加状语的用法。从题干看，选项之后是对前面所说内容的解释，in other words表示“换句话说、也就是说”，故为最佳答案。
题4 （NMET 1999）
John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out__________he phones.
A.as long as B.in order that
C.in case D.so that
分析：C。in case 引导条件状语从句，意为“万一，若，以防”，其引出的从句常用陈述语气。
题5 （上海 2000春）
I shall stay in the hotel all day _________ there is news of the missing child.
A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since
分析：A。in case 作连词引导条件状语从句，意为“万一，以防。”
题6 （NMET 2000）
I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _________.
A.at last B.in case C.once again D.in time
分析：B。in case可以位于句尾，相当于一个副词词组。
题7 （NMET 2001）
It is generally believed that teaching is _______it is a science.
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much D.as much an art as
分析：D。该题考查语序。题干是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句，it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句置于句子后部。在这个主语从句中，又含有一个as…as引导的比较状语从句，表示相同程度的比较。第一个as是副词，修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。当某些副词如so, as, too, how等用来修饰名词前的形容词时，不定冠词放在该形容词之后，名词之前。后一个连词as引导比较状语从句。答案为D。
题8 （NMET 2001）
The warmth of ________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of_________wool used.
A.the ;the B.the ;不填 C.不填；the D.不填；不填
分析：B。该题考查冠词用法。第一空应填定冠词the, 定冠词用在单数可数名词前表不类属这一概念而不表示特指。第二空应不填冠词，物质名词在用来表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，B为最佳选项。