Background knowledge:
*A* Probably you have learned the names of “the British Isles” “ Great British” “the United Kingdom” “England” and “the British Commonwealth”, which have roughly the same meaning.
The British Isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map. Great Britain or Britain refers to the larger of the two main islands. But this word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the O.k..
England refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom is the name of the state and is the official name of the country.
Finally, the British Commonwealth is the present name for what is left of the British Empire and the rising tide of national liberation movement throughout the world.
*B*Being not far from the sea, London is famous for its fogs(雾). The worst of them happened on December 4, 1952. All movement in the town came to a stop. It was almost impossible to drive or ride in anything. The streets which led into the centre were filled with buses that moved two miles an hour. Soon, however, the traffic was stopped. Being left by their drivers, the buses and cars stood empty in the streets. Many who usually traveled by bus took underground. But there were so many people there that the gates had to be closed. Being caught in the fog, people felt their way along the walls of houses with one hand, which they put out the other in front of them so as not to knock against something or somebody.
At the Opera House they got through the first act(幕) of La Traviata before so much fog had spread(蔓延) into the building that the singers could not see the conductor.
It was a terrible fog, indeed, and as many as 4000 people in London lost their lives.
Words, expressions and sentence patterns:
1. Try to reach agreement on the main points.
① reach agreement on sth .“在某方面取得一致意见，达成协议”
E.g. The two countries didn’t reach agreement on disarmament of nuclear weapons.
② come to/ arrive at/reach/make an agreement with sb. 与某人达成协议
2. consist
consist of 由。。。组成；由。。。构成（=include, be made up of）
e.g. His job consists of helping old people who live alone.
The committee consists of ten members.
consist in (本质)在（于。。。）， 存在（于。。。）
e.g. The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colours.
注意：consist 不能用进行时态。
3 …island countries have better chances of becoming powerful.
Chance（可能性）+of sth./doing sth; to do sth; that clause
E.g. ① Do we have any chances of winning the game?
②There’s a faint chance that you’ll find him at home.
4。Do island nations have advantages over other countries?
① A have an advantage over B A优于或胜于B, A比B有优势
E g. In ancient movie, Jackie Chan has an obvious advantage over others.
② have the advantage of sth. 有某种优势（优点）
eg. I have the advantage of a first-class education.
③ take advantage of 乘机利用某事物
eg. You ought to take advantage of English programs on TV.
5． as well副词短语“也，还”用于肯定句，相当于too,一般放在句末。
as well as 既…又; 和…一样也; 不但......而且......(as well as 侧重前项，not only…but also…侧重后项)
He knows French, and he knows English as well. He gave me money as well as advice(建议).
Lily as well as the boys is from America. (as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词跟前一个主语一致)
= The boys are from America. Lily is from America as well/ too.
= The boys are from America. Lily is also from America. 或. So is Lily.
= Not only The boys but also Lily is from America (not only…but also…采取就近原则)
The boys aren’t from America. Lily isn’t from America, either. 或 Neither/ nor is Lily.
6．of + 抽象名词=形容词 of importance = important of value= valuable of interest= interesting
of + great/much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词 of great/ much help = be very helpful
of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词 或-less It is of no use . = It is useless.
7．Influence 影响
e.g. The book had a great influence on his life.
It was through his influence that he became interested in American culture.
8. say, tell & speak
say hello /yes/no/sorry/goodbye to sb. say one’s prayer 做祷告
tell a lie, to tell the truth说实话 tell the difference between A and B; tell sth. apart
tell A from B
e.g. Children should be taught how to tell right from wrong.
Time will tell whether I made the right choice or not.
9. lie on the coast 在海岸上
lie off the coast 远离海岸
e.g. The city lies on the coast.
There is an island off the coast.
10. as many/ much/ early as possible (as one can) 尽可能
Please get up as early as possible tomorrow for the outing.
(=Please get up as early as you can…)
as much/many as 多达… … （表示数目上的比较）
as far as 远至（到）……
as long as 长达
e.g. The difference between his income and mine can be as much as 1000 yuan at least.
As many as 10,000 people watched the boxing game.
They walked as far as the seashore.
After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for as long as an hour, thinking for her young and happy days.
注： 修饰可数名词的量词few及a few , only/just a few (= very few) not/ quite a few (=many), many, a great/ good many
a number of及 a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good number of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good numbers of
修饰不可数名词的量词little及a little, only/ just (=very little) , not/ quite a little(=much), much, a great/ good deal of
a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good amount of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good amounts of
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的量词有：some, any, lots of, a lot of, plenty of,
a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good quantity of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good quantities of
a great/ good many of them
11. The idea that English stands for fish & chips, the Speaker Corner and the Tower of London is past.
That 引导同位语从句。
I made a promise that if anyone sent the bag back to me, I would share the money with him or her.
比较同位语从句和定语从句：
Mother made a promise that excited all her children.
12. Within the UK for many years now, there have been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity.
make the most of = make the best of充分利用,尽管利用,尽量往里干
e.g.
We have gone one day San Francisco, so we should make the most of the fine weather.
They have made up their minds to make the most of the opportunity.You have only a short holiday, so make the most of it.
13. Between Britain and Ireland , in the Irish Sea, lies the small isle of Man. To the southeast of Britain lie the Channel Islands.
To the southeast of Britain lie the channel islands.
这两句都是倒装句。表示地点的介词短语或者 here, there, in, out, up, down, away, back, now, then等副词放在句首时，主语是名词句子要用全部倒装。此类句子要注意主谓一致，主语在后边。
14. form the basis for
basis 基础,基本,根据,主要成分,指讨论推断所依据的根据.
base 基地,基础,常指工业基地和军事基地,根据地
What basis do you have for this judgment?
The basis of this drink is orange juice.
on the basis of…
He drew that conclusion on the basis of evidences.
15. in general
generally speaking “一般而言”, 是一种概括性和评注性状语。
strictly speaking; frankly speaking; broadly speaking; judging from…
16. plus prep. 加上； adj. 正的，加的， 超过的（年龄）；超过标准的。
Two plus two equals five.
This work requires intelligence plus experience.
All the children here are 10 plus.
Her mark was B plus.
17. . approach
n. 靠近，走近，方法，途径
vt/vi. 走近，靠近，着手（考虑），处理， 因事找或接近（某人）
The approach of winter brings cold weather.冬天临近使天气转冷了。
All approaches were blocked. (道路)
Her presented a new approach.
New Year’s Day is approaching.
We approached the museum.
He approached the approach with caution.
He is rather difficult to approach.
Practice:
1．______catching the sight of policeman, she can’t help shaking with fear because of that terrible experience.
A.On B.By C.At D.For
2．The strange interest that he likes to keep his birdcage______in the daytime has cost him the loss of several rare birds.
A.opened B.opening C.open D.being opened
3．The agreement the two countries have ______is highly praised by the international society.
A.taken B.came to C.arrived D.reached
4．The_______situation of the chess game really _______every member in the game-watching room.
A.confused；confused B.confusing；confused
C.confusing；has been confused D.confused；confeses
5．The opening province which ______ thirteen countries and three coastal citries will quicken its paces of economic development.
A. consists of B.makes up C.is included D.is contained
6．His bad health is a great _______ for him to get a good paid job.
A.advantage B.error C.disadvantage D.fault
ACDBAC
7． To ensure the safety at home, parents should not put the medicine _______ the reach of their children.
A.out of B.away from C.within D.up from
8.Having seized the historical developing opportunity，we Chinese people are _____ all the advantages we have，heading for the goal.
A. trying out best of B.going all out of
C.sparing no effort D.making the best of
9．______ 200 people were killed and 1400 more injured in the terrible bombing of Madrid，capital city of Spain.
A.As much as B.As many as C.As long as D.As far as
10．She thought I was praising her son，________ as a matter of fact，I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at school.
A.while B.therefore C.which D.so that
11．Over-heating development might have bad _______ on the national economy.
A.cause B.influence C.result D.factor
CDBAB
Grammar:
1．______ she couldn’t understand was _____ fever and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A.What；why B.That；what C.What；beause D.Why；that
2．Someone in ringing the doorbell.Goand see ______ .
A.who is he B.who he is C.who in it D.who it is
1． These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.
A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever
4．I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .-Is that _______ you had a few days off.
A.why B.when C.what D.where
5．______ has helped to save the drowning girl is world praising.
A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.whoever
6．______ cause the accident is still a complete mystery.
A.What B.That C.How D.Where
7．It was matter of _______ would take the position.
A.who B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
8．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.
A.however B.whoever C.whichever D.whenever
9．________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
10．Do you remember_________he came?
Yes, I do, he came by car.
A.how B.when C.that D.if
11．The airplane, which had______ there minutes before, was said to have been hijacked by four hijackers from a certain country.
A.tahen on B.taken away C.taken out D.taken off
12．The fat woman, who is ________a diet, has refused to follow my dvice that she should take more exercise than a diet only.
A.on B.in C.for D.at
13．The handsome young man now ________ decorating the house has been _______ to Maria , a pretty girl from France.
A. engaging in; engaged to B.engaged to; engaged with
C.engaged in ; engaged to D.engaging in ;engaged with
14．All of the flowers now ________ here have developed from those _______ in the forest.
A.raised; once grew B.rising ;once growing C.raised ;once growing D.rising ;once grown
15．_______I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you get, the more equipped for life you are.
A.As far as B.As long as C.As often as D.As soon as
1-5：ADAAD 6-10：ABBBA 11-15：DACCA
单句改错：
1． Where will they go is to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
2． If they have reached Shanghai is not known yet.
3． The news they had won the game surprised us.
4． They don’t know what they do next.
5． It is known to us all, the earth is smaller than the sun.
6． The reason why he was late for school was because he got up late.
7． This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language.
8． That you need is more practice.