Lesson 5
I 词语解释
Definition 1
A journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite objective:
expeditionDefinition 2
Supplies, especially of food, clothing, or arms.
store n.Definition 3
A mariner or sailor.
seaman
Definition 4
To a great degree; especially
particularly
II 词汇
Which word means the same?
alive lively living lived
They often make experiments on live animals.(living)
Which word means the same?
end beginning autumn winter
She and her family went to the United States in the fall of 1996.（autumn）Which word means the same?
had felt met did
The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of the accident.（had）Which word means the same?
However Or else In another way Unless
Do it now. Otherwise it will be too late.（Or else）
Which word means the same?
boatman soldier naval officer seaman
His cousin is a sailor. He is doing well in the navy. （seaman）
III Background information
What nationality was Captain Cook?
Where did he travel to?
As his title was “Captain”, what was his job?
Which century did he live in? English.
Where did he travel to? Round the world.
As his title was “Captain”, what was his job? Sailor/ship’s captain.Which century did he live in? 18th century(1728-1779)
IV Pre-listening question
What are they going to take with them for this long journey?
Food, live animals, cabbage in vinegar and vinegar.
V Questions in detail
1. What is Captain Cook talking about to the seaman?
what stores Captain Cook wants the seaman to order.
2. Why does Captain Cook insist on taking some live animals for their expedition?
Because the men often fall ill and suffer fever.
3. What other food will they take for this expedition?
They’ll take a lot of cabbage in vinegar.
4. Why does Captain Cook want the cabbage to be kept in vinegar?
Because eating cabbage will keep them healthy.
5. What kind of ship are they going to take?
They’ll take the Endeavour.
6. Why does Captain Cook suggest taking a lot of vinegar?
They’ll use it for cleaning the inside of the ship. If they do this, they’ll have less sickness.
VI Find the sentences or phrases
1. it is very important that we take
2. have a fever
3. that we would throw away if we did not have the animals
4. I shall order them to (eat it).
5. try hard
6. A lot of room below the deck for putting stores of food
1. It is very important that we take. I insist on taking.
2. have a fever suffer fever
3. that we would throw away if we did not have the animals that we would otherwise throw away
4. I shall order them to (eat it). I shall insist that they do.
5. try hard endeavour
6. A lot of room below the deck for putting stores of food a lot of room below for stores
VII language points
1. insist on taking proper food for this expedition.
They insisted on her staying at home.
We insist on / upon self-reliance.
We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
They insisted that she (should) be invited.
He insisted that he had paid the bill. The men often fall ill and suffer fever.
2. Last night she fell ill from cold.
Soon they fell asleep.
Not a word fell from her lips. She fell silent again.
fall为系动词，表示“进入某种状态”3. The men often fall ill and suffer fever.
She could not suffer criticism.
When my father was a child, he suffered hunger and cold.
He suffered a serous disease as a result of overwork.
Ms King’s legs were badly hurt and she suffered great pain.
suffer from
suffer from因…而受苦
He is suffering from toothache.
They suffered greatly from overwork.
We learned that he was suffering from cancer.
4. They usually go bad as soon as we are at sea.
She went white with anger.
Her hair's going grey.
The old lady will go nuts if still no news comes from her son.
系动词go可与形容词连用，表示“变得，成为”。
5. They usually go bad as soon as we are at sea.
at sea在海上,在航海；
at the sea 在海边
This ship is at sea.
The children are playing at the sea.
类似的短语还有：on fire at table in hospital
6. Have you decided which boat to take, sir?
She doesn’t know what to do.
They have decided on building a school there.
意思相近的短语：make up one’s mind(s) be determined to do
7. It is a good, strong ship, though not very fast.
连词though引导的让步状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以略去though后面的主语和谓语中的be动词
She knows a lot of things though very young.
Though short of money, they were determined to continue with their project.
8. I suggest taking a lot of vinegar.
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.
The teacher suggested that we (should) attend the medical conference.
His pale face suggested that he was in poor health.
suggest表“暗示”时，从句用陈述语气。
9. leaving at 7 a.m. sharp
sharp adv.指时间“几点整”
The train arrives at 4 p.m. sharp.
I 词语解释
Definition 1
One whose occupation is the wholesale purchase and retail sale of goods for profit. merchantDefinition 2
To have actual being; be real. exist
Definition 3
Greater than others in importance or rank: majorDefinition 4
Not elaborate or complicated; simple: plainDefinition 5
A map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators. chart
Definition 6
A small cake of shortened bread leavened with baking powder or soda. biscuit
II Vocabulary
Every nation keeps their own army with the purpose of d_____________ their country.( efending)
The guide l_______ a group of tourists to the top of the tower.( ed)
They t_______ the enemy by surprise and s__________ the town successfully.( ook)( eized)
Children in some African countries are still s___________ hunger and death. What can we do to help them?( uffering)
In July 1768 the Endeavour s______ out for the pacific Ocean.( et)
Cook discovered a new continent and found there some animals which did not e_______ in Europe.( xist)
The police took away the man who was in c________ of the business.( harge)
In 1759 the French army was d________ by the British army and they l_______ the city of Quebec.( efeated)( ost)
Seven Years War, and the Battle of Quebec in Canada.
To see Venus passing between the earth and the sun, and to look for a new continent in the Indian/Pacific Ocean.
false
false true
After the war Cook returned to Britain and set up home there. true
In 1768 they planned an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with the purpose of finding some new sea plants. falseThe Endeavour was a fast, strongly-built merchant ship. false
The seamen often got sick because of the lack of fresh air and water on the ship. falseOver 40% of the people lost their lives during the expedition.trueV Explain the phrases:
a rich person who owns a lot of land landowner
became interested in… took an interest in
start suddenly, especially for a fire/ war/ fighting break outto mark on a map the location of all the dangerous rocks chart all the dangerous rocks
to put markers or lights to show where the warships should pass
to mark a path for the warships to follow
to catch or attack someone unprepared take the enemy by surprisebought a house and moved into it with his wife set up home
he made a map (chart) of its coasts he charted its coastsa shop for trading, i.e. for carrying goods merchant ship
learnt the skills of sailing at sea learnt his seamanshipIt was just over 32 metres long. It was just over 32 metres in length
sailors used to get the disease scurvy(坏血病) which is caused by a lack of Vitamin C in the diet.
got sick
started its journey in the direction of set out for
2. In 1756 the Seven Years War, Cook joined the navy and did very well for __. A A. Britain
B. France
C. Canada
D. Quebec
3. Cook played an important part in defeating the enemy in the city of Quebec, because _______. B A. he was very brave
B. he drew a useful map for the warships to follow
C. he knew the city of Quebec very well
D. he was the leader4. Why was the Endeavour suitable for an expedition? Because _______. D A. it was not only a warship but also a ship for trading
B. it was the ship on which Cook had learnt his seamanship
C. it was large enough to hold sailors
D. it was an old but strongly-built merchant ship with just over 32 meters in length
5. In order to protect his men against sickness, Cook ______. B A. took a lot of medicine
B. took enough live animals such as sheep, pigs and chickens
C. loaded the ship with some fresh meat, fruit and vegetables
D. was very strict with his menstrait
botany
astonish
disaster
crewcelebrate
coastline
xpeditionaisedeverA m__________ is a person who buys and sells goods for making money.（erchant）
If you d________ someone or something, you try to protect them against danger.（efend）
A w_______ is a ship with guns and other equipment needed for fighting in wars.（arship）
The sound [v] doesn’t e______ in Chinese（xist）A d________ is a terrible accident such as an earthquake or an air crash(飞机失事).（isaster）
It was not a surprise that our football team d_________ some major teams in Asia.（efeated）
The day when Hong Kong returned to China is worth c___________.（elebrating）The noun form of sick is s________.（ickness）
Two policemen in p_____ clothes came to the village in s______ of the lost girl.（lain）（earch）
At tea time in the afternoon, you can drink tea and eat some b________.（iscuits）
III Explain the phrases or sentences:
An island in French Polynesia(玻利尼西亚), with an area of 1,041 square kilometres and a population of about 96,000. Tahiti
There they enjoyed a happy stay of three months. There they spent three happy months.
continued their journey set sail againtraveled in a southerly direction headed southto look for in search of
had already made maps of the coasts had already charted parts of the …. coasts
make a map of the east coast map the east coastkoala bears spend most of their lives in eucalyptus trees(桉树) bears climbed trees
kangaroos large animals … stomach the longest coral reef in the world, off the Northeast coast of Australia. It is 2, 000 km long.
The Great Barrier Reef
so that the boat would float higher in the water to raise the boat in the water
they pulled the boat up onto the shore they beached the ship on the shoreCook’s quick decision Cook’s quick thinking
sailed close to the island of Java passed close by the island of Javaand then returned to England by passing the southern point of Africa
and then returned by the southern point of Africa
people, including scientists. It was really a very hard journey for them. During the expedition, 38 people died of diseases. In April 1769 they arrived at the beautiful island of Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean. They stayed there for three months. And then they set sail again and headed south and west in search of a new land. They finally reached New Zealand and spent six months there. After that they sailed west to Australia and mapped the east coast of Australia. They found Australia to be an astonishing country. Next they sailed up the east coast. There the expedition nearly ended in disaster. The ship struck a coral bed which tore a large hole in the side of the ship. But Cook’s quick thinking saved the expedition. Then they passed close by the island of Java and returned by the southern point of Africa. In July 1771 they successfully arrived back in England. The whole country celebrated their return from the South Pacific. So James Cook became a hero of the nation.
1. C2. New Zealand is separated from the other island by ____. A A. Cook Strait
B. Botany Bay
C. the island of Tahiti
D. the Great Barrier Reef3. Cook was the first to ______.D A. sail to Australia
B. map the coasts of Australia
C. make Australia the foreign settlement
D. chart the east coast of Australia4. The expedition passed ____ oceans in the world. A A. three
B. two
C. one
D. four
5. Which of the following you can’t see except in Australia? C A. The coral bed.
B. A beautiful bay.
C. The bears which can climb trees.
D. The birds that can run.
feel/have/show an interest in
lose an interest intake … by surprise
The Japanese planes took the island by surprise on a Sunday morning.
We took the enemy positions by surprise at midnight.
He took her quite by surprise when he suddenly appeared at the door.
3. surprise n.
to one’s surprise = to the surprise of sb.
in surprise
Much to my surprise, they offered me the job.
“A farmer?” said the Frenchman in surprise.
4. The Endeavour was not a warship but …
ship是一个名词后缀，表示性质、职业、身份、技能等。
citizen (公民) citizenship(公民身份)
professor professorship(教授职位)
leader leadership(领导)
sportsman sportsmanship(体育道德)
marksman marksmanship(射击术)
7. Cook was to be in charge of this expedition as captain of the ship Endeavour.
He is in charge of the children while his wife is at work.
I’d like to speak to the person in charge.
I had to go to a conference so I left my secretary in charge.
The patient was in the charge of Dr. Green.
She took charge of the family business when her father died.
8. charge n.
free of charge 免费
Meals will be provided free of charge.
on a charge of 指控 …的罪名
He was arrested on a charge of murder.
bring a charge of sth. against sb. 指控某人犯有…罪
The police brought a charge of murder against him.
on charge 充电
The battery is on charge.
9. In July 1768 the Endeavour set out for the Pacific.
set out for= set off for= start for some place
They set out / off to look for the lost milu deer.
We set out early in the morning, hoping to arrive before dark.
That morning a new ship set out / off for London on its first trip.
10. In July they set sail again and headed south and wet in search of a new land.
set sail 扬帆启航
The ship set sail for Africa.
Early in the morning, they set sail southward.
11. In July they set sail again and headed south and wet in search of a new land.
head for / toward / east / eastward…
The ship is heading for Tianjin.
They were then heading north.
A warship is heading south toward Haiti.
12. It also had plenty of space below for storing things and so was extremely suitable for an expedition.
Do you think this present is suitable for/to a little boy?
Is she suitable for the job?
Those shoes are not suitable for walking in the country.
13. be fit for; fit sb.; suit sb.
He said that the work was not suitable to/for me.
The manager is not fit for his position.
The shoes fit you well.
That’s a nice dress. It suits you perfectly.
14. It is not worth taking many vegetables.
be worth doing/n.
The film is well worth seeing.
The old book is worth 300 dollars.
The jewel is worth nothing. It’s an imitation.
15. worthy adj.
be worthy of being done
This book is worthy of being read.
be worthy to be done
This book is worthy to be read.
be worthy of + n.
The matter is worthy of consideration.
worthy 有价值的，可敬的
He lived a worthy life.
16. They found Australia to be an astonishing land where the soil was red, …
find sth. / sb. (to be) sth./ sb. 发现某事/人是什么样的事/人
Alice found the place to be a new and strange place.
The children found the story to be a very interesting one.
We found him to be the right man to do the job.
I found her (to be) careless about her dress.
17. Later this was to become the place of the first foreign settlements in Australia.
表示安排要在将来做的事情
The queen is to visit Japan next year.
指“命中注定的事”
When we said goodbye, I thought it was for ever. But we were to meet again, many years later, under very strange circumstances.
18. be to do
用于命令
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
用于通知和注意事项里
The form is to be filled in and returned within three weeks.
These tablets are to be kept out of reach of children.
19. I enjoy looking for new plants.
只能接v-ing作宾语的动词有：suggest, advise, consider, avoid, miss, escape, allow, permit, forbid, resist, deny, admit, delay, excuse, pardon, require, appreciate, keep, stop, mind, practise, risk, imagine, finish, etc.
短语动词：can’t stand, insist on, give up, put off, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be worth, etc.
20. …raise the sails
raise vt. rise vi.
He raised both his arms to greet us.
The wounded soldier suddenly rose to his feet.
The heavy rain kept raising the water level of the river.
The water level of the river kept rising as a result of the heavy rain.