Aims and demand:
通过本单元教学，学生应能熟练地运用表达“有关订计划”的常用语；复习宾语从句；了解印度民族主义领袖甘地的生平和印度人民反抗殖民主义斗争的历史。
Importance and difficulty:
1. Words and expressions
Design, permit, think up , make a point , more than badly , throw off, lack , struggle
2. Sentences:
A. Even before India won independence from its British rulers, it was clear that Gandhi was the key figure and leader in the struggle of 380 million Indians to govern themselves.
B. He was a model of a different kind of political leader.
C. It was the duty of everyone to disobey this law, but without using violence.
D. On his return to India he had the chance to travel to South Africa to work on a law case.
3. Grammar
A. We elect him monitor of our class.
B. I ordered them to go away at once.
C. I can hear the girl singing.
D. We consider him to be a great leader.
4. Useful expressions
A. What do you plan to do?
B. Why do you think it is possible….?
C. I decided …..
D. I insist on….
E. I will…..
Unit 20 Lesson 77 Gandhi : His life
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss’ reading ability
2. Get the Ss know something about Gandhi’s life
Importance and difficulty:
Have a deeper understanding of the text.
Develop the Ss’ reading skill.
Teaching aid: tape recorder and slides.
Teaching method: reading and understanding
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Warming up
( Listen to a tape <听力强化训练> page 5 )
T: Where did these voices come from?
------ Perhaps they were on a strike or they were gathering in a place to ask for sth.
T: What did they want to have ?
----- The blacks wanted to be equal as whites.
Apartheid means ( policy of ) racial segregation ( in South Africa ).
T: Once in South Africa, blacks were badly treated by South African whites. Blacks had not rights to vote. They were not allowed to take the buses or trains for whites. Do you think the blacks and whites are equal?
----- No. Of course not.
T: The blacks were lack of equality. And this is called the racial discrimination.
T: Do you any great leaders who led the black people to let them live a better life?
----- Lincoln , Martin Luther King , Gandhi ……
T: Who were they ?
T: Do you know anything about? Where was Gandhi born?
----- He was born in India.
T: India was once ruled by the British . It was Gandhi who led the Indians to govern themselves.
Today we are going to read Gandhi’s life.
Step 2. Reading for general understanding
I. Questions:
1. In which countries did Gandhi work for the liberation of Indians?
------- India and South Africa.
2. What successes did Gandhi gain?
------ He became a lawyer; he won a victory over the Pass Law in South Africa: he won a victory over the law that did not allow Indians to make salt: he won independence for India.
II. Find out what happened to Gandhi in the following years:
In 1869 Gandhi was born in India.
In 1882 Gandhi was married at the age of 13, following the local custom.
In 1888 He sailed to England in September 1888.
In 1891 Gandhi became a lawyer.
In 1915 Gandhi returned to India and was honoured as a hero.
In 1948 Gandhi died on January 30 th ,1948.
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Do the comprehension exercises ( WB and paper comprehension )
Reading comprehension for Unit 20 Lesson 77 (3B) CBBDD CAC
1. This text is about ___.
A. Gandhi’s political life B. Gandhi’s family life
C. Gandhi’s life D. Gandhi’s professional life
2. What custom is mentioned in the text?
A. Dining B.Marriage C.Family D.Education
3. Gandhi had traveled from ___ to India.
A. England, India and South Africa
B. India, England and South Africa
C. India, South Africa and England
D. South Africa, India and England
4. Gandhi was ___.
A. a lawyer
B. a leader for equal rights
C. a leader in the struggle of Indians to govern themselves
D. all of the above
5. Gandhi did not want his people to get equal rights trough ___.
A. articles B.publicity C.marches D.violent fights.
6. Gandhi was ___ when India won her independence.
A. over 80 B. over 60 C. over 70 D. over 65
7. Gandhi was shot by ___.
A. an Indian who was against his ideas
B. a white man who hated him
C. an Indian who was sent by the British government
D. a white spy from England
8. The two movements in paragraph 5 are actually ___ movements.
A. economic (经济的) B. cultural
C. political D. Educational
2. Note making
Step 4. Practice ( Wb )
Step 5. Interview
Homework
Lesson 78 Gandhi: His beliefs
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss’ reading ability
2. Get the Ss know something about Gandhi’s beliefs
Importance and difficulty:
Have a deeper understanding of the text.
Develop the Ss’ reading skill.
Teaching aid: tape recorder and slides.
Teaching method: reading and understanding
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Questions:
1. Where was he born?
2. How old did he get married?
3. When and where did he go to study law? ---- In England in Sep. 1888.
4. Later he went to South Africa. Why did he go there?--- to work on a law case
5. How long did he stay there ? ---- 20 years
6. Did he do any writing at that time?
7. What did he write?------ He wrote about socialism in newspaper and started a magazine call “ Indian Opinion”.
8. When did he return to India? ---- 1915
9. What kind of things did he persuade Indian people to do?----- to be independent, to make their own cotton cloth to refuse to buy cloth made in England, to make their own salt
Step 2. Presentation
T: What do you think of Gandhi?
T: He was so great a man that all Indians respected him and he had become “father” to all Indians.
Step 3. Fast reading
Read the text fast and do the comprehension exercises:
1. text book ---Page 46 ( true or false )
2. reading comprehension
Reading comprehension for Unit 20 Lesson 78 I (3B) DCACB DCB
1. Gandhi was not ___.
A. a clever lawyer B. a determined fighter
C. a political leader D. a common leader
2. What drove Gandhi to struggle against all the unfairness?
A. His material desire.
B. His religious (宗教的)belief.
C. His belief in truth.
D. Other people’s expectations.
3. We can infer from the text that Gandhi seldom __.
A. lied B. talked with others
B. made mistakes D. praised himself
4. The first sentence in paragraph 2 means that ___.
A. he refused to be famous
B. he never made use of his position
C. he didn’t work for his personal interests
D. he liked to be a common person
5. Gandhi’s efforts for equality didn’t enable all Hindus to _____.
A. draw water from the same village well
B. be dressed the same
C. go to the same temple to pray
D. marry each other
6. Paragraph 5 talks about ___.
A. how Gandhi fought for the equality of women
B. how many unfair laws existed at that time
C. how people could escape from the punishment for their beliefs
D. how people should fight against unfair laws
7. The word “father” in paragraph 6 means ___.
A. all Indians became his sons
B. all Indians regarded him as their father
C. all Indians respected him
D. all Indians felt that he was above them
8. Einstein’s words mean ___.
A. Gandhi was only understood by few people
B. Gandhi was so great and outstanding that he can hardly be imagined
C. Future generations will not believe in his ideas
D. Gandhi could only be understood by the people of his times.
Reading comprehension II (Lesson 78) 3B ACDBC
1. Gandhi decided to live as a poor man because he ___.
A. did not have expensive tastes
B. valued ordinary people much
C. didn’t want to make money
D. believed in non-violence
2. What did Gandhi mean by “the force of truth”?
A. Great attention should be paid to the equality of women.
B. When people made mistakes he should admit them willingly.
C. Everyone should disobey the unfair law,, if any, but without using violence.
D. Everyone should be prepared to do heavy work , from leaders to the poorest peasants.
3. Which can be inferred from the 6th paragraph?
A. At that time the Indian burial customs were quite unusual.
B. Gandhi’s death aroused great unrest among the Indian people.
C. It seems quite ridiculous that he called for non-violent resistance , but was violently killed.
D. Gandhi was deeply loved and respected by his people, who showed great sorrow for his death.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Future generations will no longer believe in his ideas.
B. His contributions to the world are so great that it’s beyond our imagination.
C. Albert Einstein thought nobody but himself really understood Gandhi.
D. Gandhi could only be understood by the pjeople of his times.
5. “The secret lies in the title of the book…” The underlined word refers to ___.
A. how he became such a successful political leader
B. how he got over so many failures or difficulties in his life
C. why he was regarded as a model of a different kind of political leader
D. why he entitled his book The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Questions
1. What did Gandhi mean by “ the force of truth ”?
---- If an unfair law existed, it was the duty of everyone to disobey this law, but without using violence.
2. Which event is described in the text?
----- The Indian customs following his death.
Step 4. Careful reading
Read it again and do the comprehension 3 ----Page 46
Describe the character of Gandhi using the information from the text
1. His simple life: He refused to make any personal gain from his political work. He decided to live as a poor man and not to possess wealth. When he travelled across India, he travelled “hard-seat, unreserved”, together with peasants and other ordinary people. In cities he refused to travel in a rickshaw. He ate simply and never ate meat. He rose early in the morning and worked at his wheel, making cotton thread.
2. His interests: Gandhi was interested in all spiritual matters, not only in the Indian gods. All his life he reached out for the truths of spirits and gods.
3. His belief: Gandhi believed that one should be able to “love the most ordinary being on earth as oneself”. Gandhi hated the custom that had divided Hindu society into separate groups for thousands of years and his goal was to end this.
Step 5. Practice
Workbook --- Ex 2
Homework
Lesson 77
Aims and demand: Grasp the usage of the language points
Step 1. Text reviewing
T: Where was Gandhi born? ----- India.
T: Following the Indian local custom, what age should one get married? ----- 13
T: That is to say. Gandhi got married at 13.
T: What age is the Chinese boy / girl usually married?
Do you want to know my age of marriage ? ----- That’s a secret.
What age are you going to get married?
1. marry sb.
be married
get married
be married to sb.
T: Try to guess : When did I get marred?
When did your parents get married?
How long has his / her parents been married?
What is your father? ---- a worker, a teacher……
Then his mother has been married to a worker for … years.
他们是战争结束时结婚的。
They got / were married at the end of the war.
---你和露西结婚多久了？--- 20年了。
--- How long have you been married to Lucy?
--- For twenty years.
T: Gandhi sailed to England to study law and stayed there for 3 years. As soon as he came back to India , what did he do?
----- On his return to India, he had the chance to travel to South Africa to work on a law case.
T: What is the first thing you will do on your arrival at home this Friday afternoon?
2. on one’s return …
on one’s arrival …
on the enterance …
on hearing …
on reaching…
他一到机场就听到了这个消息。
He heard the news on his arrival at the airport.
他一听到这个消息就赶回家。
On hearing the news , he hurried home.
老师一进来，学生就起立。
The Ss stood up on the entrance of the teacher. ( true )
……………… on entering the teacher. ( wrong )
3. work on = be engaged in sth.
work on = work continuously
我们正在制定一个新的旅行计划。
We are working on a new plan for travel.
他在实验室里一直工作到午夜。
He stayed in the lab and worked on till midnight.
He worked on in the lab until midnight.
T: What made him change his life?
--- The chance to travel to South Africa to work on a law case made him change his life.
This experience was to change his life.
4. “be + 不定式” 通常表示计划安排要做的事
I’m go meet him at the airport.
（本文）表示不可避免将要发生的（命中注定的事）
Worse was to come.-------( “Roots”) Page 8
还可表示命令（父母让子女做的事）
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
T: This experience was the turning point in his life. Listen to the tape and deal with the following language points.
5. insist on doing
insist that
He insisted on going there alone.
He insisted that he should go there alone.
He insisted that he was right.
He insisted that he had finished his homework.
6. play an important role in…
play an important part in …
7. be put in prison
be thrown in prison
8. have a gift for …
9. think up 想出 ，编出 ( invent , make up )
think of （考虑）打算，想出，想到，想着，想起
think about （考虑）回想（过去）， 考虑某事是否可行
think over 仔细思考一遍
think of ……as 把……看作
Most of the masters thought of their slaves as animals that could be bought and sold.
Mary, are you thinking of marry Tom?
Who thought of/ up the plan?
We mustn’t think about your this matter any more.
I’ll think about your suggestion, and give you an answer tomorrow.( if it is possible )
Think over, and you’ll find a way.
10. with the purpose of 怀着……的目的
for the purpose of 为着……的目的
on purpose 有意地
11. following this 在。。。 之后
T: What will happen following the examination?
-----The result will come out.
T: What will happen following the heavy rain ?------ The river will be flooded.
Following the hot weather?----- Crops will die.
Step 2. Exercises
Correct the mistakes: ( Lesson 77)
1. Joan is going to marry with Hubert.
2. Gandhi was married at the age of 13, followed local custom.
3. Followed the doctor’s advice, my father has given up drinking.
4. The villagers still following the customs of their grandfathers.
5. In his return to India he had the chance to travel to South Africa.
6. In reaching the city he called up Mr. Smith .
7. After he returned home, he was honoured for a hero.
8. He had a gift in thinking up ways of making political points.
9. He was thrown off a train for insisting traveling in the whites-only section.
10. For twenty years he played important role in working for equal rights for Indians.
11. South Africa passed further laws were designed to make life difficult for non-whites.
12. Some of the Indians publicly burnt their permits and many of them were put in the prison.
13. Thousands of Indians, joined him when he led a march to the coast, on the purpose of “making a little salt.”
14. Follow this , 60,000 Indians , including Gandhi, were put in prison.
Lesson 78
Step 1. Deal with the language points
1. (translate) Gandhi was much more than a clever lawyer, a fine speaker, a determined fighter for human rights and a political leader.
甘地远不只是一位聪明的律师，优秀的演说家，坚定的人权战士和一位政治领导人。
他们俩远不只是同学，他们还是知心朋友。
Both of them are much more than schoolmates, they are close friends.
They were more than glad to help.
他们是极其乐意帮忙的。
This more than satisfied me.
这使我深感满意。
2. lie in 在于
T: He didn’t pass the exam, where did the problem lie?
Ss: It lies in his laziness.
(translate)那就是真正的危险所在。
That is where the real danger lies.
3. reach out for
他伸手从书架上取下一本书来。
He reached out for a book from the top of the shelf.
4. (translate ) One should be able to “love the most ordinary being on earth as oneself.”
“……就象爱自己一样去爱世界上最普通的人。”
being c生物（特指人）
a human being/ human beings
Men , women, and children are human beings.
All birds and animals are living beings.
on earth 在世界上，在人世间
in the world 。。。
他们认为自己是世界上最聪明的人。
They consider themselves the wisest men on earth.
北京将成为世界上最大的城市。
Beijing will become the largest city on earth in area.
5. take up arms
6. as follows 固定词组 “如下” 以引出下文
他们的建议如下：。。。
Their suggestions are as follows.
hardly
hard
There is hardly any wine in the bottle.
He hardly works at all.
He works hard at his lessons.
Such …as 象。。。这样的，诸如。。。这类
他曾经希望做一名象甘地那样的领袖。
He wished to be such a leader as Gandhi.
这样的照片应该由博物馆保存。
Such a picture / photo as this should be kept in museum.
Step 2. Exercises
Fill in the blanks with a correct word ( Lesson 77~78)
1. He was busy ____ his work and did not notice me come ____. with, in
2. We should take ___ arms and fight ___ the Japanese invaders. up , against
3. Alice Green has been married ____ John Smith ___ ten months. to for
4. Diligence leads ___ success and failure often lies ____ laziness. to in
5. He demanded an end ___ the British rule ____ India. to over
6. Please let me go on ___ my work __ peace. with in
7. He reached __ his pocket __ some money. Into for
8. ___ last the enemy had to give ___ and we won the battle. at in
9. ___ her return __ the office, she began to work. On to
10. The notice reads ___ follows. as
Choose the correct answer ( Grammar exercises for object complement ) Lesson 77~78
1. Jane devoted her life ___ the sick.
A. to caring for B. to care for C. to caring D. caring for
2. The mother wanted her son ___ without delay.
A. to operate B. to be operated on C. to operate on D. being operated on
3. The father forbade the child ___ out of doors during his absence.
A. to go B. go C. goes D. will go
4. She was glad to see her child____.
A. taking care of B. taken care C. taken care of D. take care of
5. When she returned home, she found the window open and something____.
A. stolen B. missed C. to be stolen D. to steal
6. Although he tried, Bob still couldn’t make himself ____ .
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear
7. We can depend on the workers ___ the plan.
A. carried B. to carry C. carry D. carrying
8. The government calls on us ____ our production.
A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase
9. Do you hear someone ___ at the door?
A. knocked B. knocking C. to knock D. knock
10. Did you notice the boy ___ the street just now?
A. crossed B. to cross C. cross D. crossing
ABACA CBDBC