Useful expression
1. join in 参加,加入
I joined in the march and we were marching peacefully along and then the police came up. 我参加了游行，我们以和平的方式往前行进，这时警察突然来了。 join in 的意思是 take part in an activity as a member of a group 作为一个小组成员参加某一活动。May I join in the game? 我可以参加比赛（游戏）吗？Will you join us in a walk? 你跟我们一起去散步好吗？
2. give in屈服, 投降, 退让
King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle. 金号召黑人不要让步，而要继续斗争。They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and accept defeat.区分give up: He gave up smoking. 他戒烟了。
3. put … in prison 把某人关进监狱
注意在prison的前面没有任何定冠词。类似的一些表达法有 be in prison 在坐牢 throw … into prison把某人关进监狱: He was in prison for ten years. 他在狱中待了10年。 The pickpocket was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被判处一年监禁。
4. set an example 为……树立榜样
Lei Feng set an example to us in serving the people heart and soul. 雷锋为我们树立了全心全意为人民服务的榜样。区分take an example of …以……为例
5. make a speech 演说
He was going to make a speech at the meeting. 他要在会上发表演说。还可说give/deliver a speech
6. side by side 并排, 并肩
Two bottles stood side by side on the shelf. We walked along the beach, side by side.
7. over and over again 反复, 再三
还可以说: again and again / time and (time) again : I've told you again and again, Don't play soccer near the windows.
Sentence patterns
1. A group was formed to demand that the bus company should change its unfair practices and King was made president.
动词demand可跟从句, 从句中的谓语常用 should 加原形：I demanded that Bob (should) go there at once. 我要求鲍勃立即去那儿。Marchers went on strike to demand that all political prisoners be freed. 动词demand也可跟名词或不定式: This work demands your patience. 这项工作需要你的耐心。demand a clear answer 要求(作出)明确的答复 demand也可做名词：It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必应是不可能的。Teachers are in demand in this area. 在这个地区很需要教师。
2. There black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished. 黑人在那里享有平等的权利，可以像他们所希望的那样自由地生活、学习和工作。
be free to do: allowed to do whatever you want 如: You are free to do as you wish.你想怎么做都可以。The children are free to decide which activity they would like to do.
as they wished是方式状语从句，意思是“像他们所希望的那样”。as 的意思是“像…那样去…，依照, 如……, 随……”等。 如：Do as the teacher tells you to.按照老师告诉你的那样去做。对话：--- I'd like it ready by six. --- Just as you wish, sir.
Language tips
1. Haven't you heard? 这是一个否定疑问句，在口语中较常用，常表示惊讶、责备等语气。如：Can't you come a bit earlier? 你难道不能来早一点吗？
2. For years we've been demanding better housing and jobs. 多年来我们一直要求改善住房和工作条件。
have been doing是现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时刻一直延续到现在的状态。
3. It's forbidden. 这是受禁止的。
forbid 是及物动词，意思是“禁止，不许”，注意它的搭配：⑴forbid sb to do 如: I forbid you to go swimming. 我不准你去游泳。⑵forbid (doing) sth 如：His parents forbid him wine. 他的父母不准他喝酒。The reading room forbids taking the magazines and newspapers out. 阅览室不许把杂志带出去。
5. I imagine that hurt a lot. 我可以想象那是很疼的。
hurt既可以做及物动词，又可以做不及物动词。⑴vt.伤害；损伤；使疼痛: He fell out of a tree and hurt his leg. 他从树上掉下来，伤了腿。You'll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday. 如果你忘了她的生日,那会伤她感情的。⑵ vi.感到疼痛：My shoes are so tight that my feet hurt.我的鞋太小，脚都疼了。How it hurts! 好痛呀！
6. He liked making friends and disliked fighting in any form. 他喜欢广交朋友，而不喜欢任何形式的打斗。
in any form的意思是“以任何形式”。类似的词组还有in the form of… 如：You can express yourself in any form. 你可以以任何方式表达你自己。He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像讨厌任何方式的运动。
7. The southern states had passed their own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites. 南部各州通过了它们自己的法律，继续把黑人和白人分开。
掌握有关law的一些短语: It is against the law to steal. 偷窃是犯法的。All citizens are equal before the law. 法律之前，人人平等。break the law 犯法 make laws 制订法律 obey the law of the country 遵守国家法律
8. Mixed race marriages were forbidden by law. 法律规定不允许黑人和白人通婚。
mixed marriages 就是marriages between persons of different races.异族通婚。在当时的美国一些地方的法律禁止黑人和白人通婚。mixed在这里是过去分词做定语，意为“混合的”，“复杂的”: They are a people of mixed blood. 他们是一个混血的民族。a mixed school 男女合校 mixed doubles (体育比赛时的) 男女混合双打
9. There were separate sections for blacks in shops, restaurants, hospitals, buses and trains.
separate在这儿是形容词，意思是“单独的”，“独自的”： The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们分别睡在各自的床上。掌握separate作动词的用法：We talked until midnight and then separated. 我们谈到午夜才分手。A fence separated the cows from the pigs. 围栏把奶牛和猪分开。
10. The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. 花在黑人儿童身上的教育经费只及白人儿童的四分之一。
在英语中，尤其在比较状语从句中，经常用that和those来替代前面所提到的东西，以避免重复。如：The population of India is much larger than that of Japan. 印度的人口比日本的多多了。
11. He believed that they could achieve their goal by peaceful revolution, not by fighting and killing. 他认为，可以通过和平革命达到社会变革的目的，而不通过战争和杀戮。
掌握achieve的用法: The factory has achieved all its goals this year.这个工厂今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。achieve one's purpose 达到目的 achieve success 获得成功 achieve victory 获得胜利 He achieved a lot because he was a hard worker.他之所以取得成功是他努力的结果。
12. In his lifetime, he forced the government to liberate the blacks in the USA and give them equal rights. 在他的一生中，他迫使政府解放美国黑人，给他们平等的权利。
及物动词liberate 使获自由；解放：Lincoln liberated American slaves.林肯解放了美国奴隶。My home town was liberated in the spring of 1949.我的家乡是一九四九年春解放的。
13. In 1965 a new Voting Rights Bill became law. 1965年一项新的选举权法案变成了法律。
bill在美国是指提交议会审议的法案或议案(the draft of a law),在议会通过之前还不是法律。经过议会通过而成为法律的法案称为act (a law passed by a legislative body)。如: The bill was finally passed by a majority of 120.议案以120票的多数获得通过。 Parliament has passed the act protecting the wild animals.国会通过了一项法案，保护野生动物。
14. Within a few years of his death, black people across the country held important jobs in government. 在他去世后的几年中，全国各地的黑人就在政府部门担任了重要职务。
hold important jobs 拥有重要的工作 hold在这儿的意思是“担任，持有（观点）”。如：In China a lot of women hold important positions in the government. 在中国有许多妇女在政府机关担任重要的职位。I hold they are wrong. 我认为他们是错误的。
15. However, his struggle had already changed the whole of society in the USA. 然而，他的斗争已经变了美国的整个社会。
whole既是形容词也是名词: They told me the whole story. 他们给我讲了整个的故事。the whole world 全世界 the whole of that area 整个那个地区 He put the whole of his money into the bank. 他把所有的钱都存进了银行。
16. A group was formed to demand that the bus company should change its unfair practices and King was made president. 于是成立了一个组织，要求公共汽车公司改变这套不公平的做法，金被推举为这个组织的领头人。
make sb. sth.的意思是“使某人成为什么”, 头衔前通常不用冠词：They made him chairman of the students' union. 他们推选他成为学生会主席。类似的用法有：We elected her president of the university. 我们选她为这所大学的校长。
17. King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle. 金号召黑人不要让步，而要继续斗争。
call for 的用法不容忽视,我们常常见到的有：1) 需要: More work does not necessarily call for more men. 增加工作不一定需要增添人员。The baby is calling for his mother.婴孩叫着要母亲。2)要求: Our class calls for a discussion on the subject. 我们班级要求对这个问题进行讨论。
18. His own house was destroyed and for some time his life was in danger.
be in danger的意思是“处于危险之中”，如：You will be in danger if you walk on a railway line. 如果你在铁路轨道上行走那是很危险的。与之相反的短语是"out of danger"（脱离危险）。 如：He has been very ill, but he is now out of danger.他曾病得很厉害，但现在已脱离危险期。
19. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. 我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。
judge vt.“断定”，如：I can't judge whether he is right or wrong.我不能断定他是对还是错。 Don't judge a person by his appearance. 勿以貌取人。
20. When you go to work, take a taxi, or share a ride, or walk. 如果你去工作，请乘出租车去，或搭别人的车去，或步行去。
ride 骑, 乘，可作动词或名词：ride a motorcycle to town骑摩托车进城; ride a horse to the village骑马到村里去 He went for a ride in his car. 他坐小汽车去转了一圈。They rode in the back seat of the bus. 他们坐在公共汽车后面的座位上。It was the first time they had ridden in a train.那是他们第一次坐火车。
21. He spoke without notes and told the crowd of listeners how he saw the future. 他讲话没有讲稿，他把自己对前途的看法告诉听众。
掌握crowd的用法: 1) 名词 人群: A crowd of people were waiting in front of the gate.一大群人在门前等着。draw a large crowd 吸引大批观众 2) 动词 群集：Shoppers crowded into the store. 买东西的人拥入商店。The children crowded around the TV.孩子们聚集在电视机周围。3) 形容词: crowded拥挤的，挤满人的: crowded downtown area 闹市, 繁华商业区 It was two weeks before Christmas and the market was crowded with shoppers.
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
1．参加游行 2．法律禁止异族通婚
3．把……关进监狱 4．为黑人的政治权利而斗争
5．向……发表演说 6．迁入新区
7．把黑人和白人分开 8．为世界其它地区树立榜样
9．树敌 10．在政府部门担任要职
11．以某人的品格优劣评价某人 12．被当作平等的公民对待
Sentences:
1．他们要求汽车公司改变这套不公平的做法。
2．金被推举为这个组织的领头人。
3．金要求黑人不要妥协，而要继续斗争。
4．过去美国的黑人和白人肩并肩地为自由而战。
5．每天早晨，他反复朗读英语课文。
6．我所就读的中学坐落在那个美丽的湖边。