1. so that / so as ( not ) to do
a. ①由 so that / in order that 引导的目的状语从句常与can / could, may / might等连用
Speak clearly so that / in order that they may understand you.
He took a taxi in order / so as not to be late.
② 当不定式作目的状语置于句首时，只能使用 in order to… 或 to…,如：
In order to / To save time, he goes to work by taxi instead of by bike.
③当不定式作目的状语时要注意其逻辑主语。
如不能说：In order to / To succeed, every means should be tried.
而应该说：In order to / To succeed, you should try every means.
④ So that / In order that 引导的目的状语从句不能用于句首。
* so that还可引导结果状语从句
1 It was very cold, so as to the river froze.
2. There were such many people in the room that I could not get in.
3 He wrote so carefully that make every word clear
2. prevent … from doing sth.
stop sb./sth. doing sth. keep sb./sth. from doing sth.
prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.
Nothing can stop us taking the socialist road.
Ways must be found to keep poisonous gases from polluting air.
Ways must be found to prevent the river from being polluted.
4. make + 复合宾语
① make 作使役动词，常用于下列情况：
do
make sb./ sth. done
adj. / n.
What has made you think I’m a farmer?
What he did at school made Father angry.
We made him monitor of our class.
② make sb. do… 结构变成被动语态时，须用带 to 的动词不定式。
He was made to work day and night by the boss.
be made from / of / in; be made up of; be made into;
make...out of ; make up for
j The table ________________ wood.
k Paper is made _____ wood; that is to say, wood can be made _____ paper.
l A TV set ____________ hundreds of different parts.
m The machine _______________ this factory works well.
n We should do our best to _________ our lost time.
另外注意以下短语:
make ( good/full) use of; make the best / most of;
( = take advantage of ) make up one's mind
7. rest n. 其余部分 rest 常与定冠词 the 连用
the rest 作主语时,谓语动词由 the rest 所代表的名词或 of 后面的名词的数来决定。
Some people left the room. The rest were still talking.
The rest of the money was sent to him.
1 He’s got only one shirt, because all the rest___________(be) being washed.
2 The rest butter ______________(keep) for breakfast
9. knock (sb./sth.) down: 撞倒; 拆除
1、拆除、拆卸 They are going to knock down those old buildings soon.
2、打倒、撞倒 He knocked him down with one blow of his fist.
3、把(价格)压低、使减价 He knocked down the price by 10 percent. knock out
1、使失去知觉、使昏迷 A blow on the head knocked him out.
2、使惊得目瞪口呆、震惊、使说不出话
For a moment I was completely knocked out by the news of my friend’s death.
knock into sb./sth. 与某人或某物相撞
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
If you knock into someone, say sorry to him/her.
10. wear / put on / have on / dress
① put on “穿上、戴上”；是终止性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
② wear “穿着、戴着、蓄（头发、胡子）”
③ have on 也表状态，常可跟 wear 通用，但 have on 一般不用进行时，而且没有 wear 用处广，如表示“蓄胡子”等只能用 wear。
④ dress vi. 指穿的动作或状态，表示“穿衣”；vt. 表示给……人穿衣。
① Why don’t you __________ your coat? It’s cold outside.
② Many girls __________________ skirts in summer time.
③ He was an old man who __________ thick glasses.
④ My daughter is old enough to __________ herself.
⑤ She is always ___________ in green.
⑥ She is a nice girl. She always _______ well.
11. agree:
a: agree to do sth. / that-clause
They agreed to come on Monday.
They agreed that they would come on Monday.
b: agree with 同意,赞成, 后接sb. 或 what sb. says
He agreed with me (= He agreed with what I said.)
与...一致, (气候,食物等)适合
The verb must agree with the subject in person and number.
Mutton doesn't agree with you.
c: agree to the suggestion( proposal, plan, method, agreement...)
d: agree on 对...取得一致意见。主语常常是协商一件事的人或单位，后常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词.
Finally they agreed on the plan of work.
At last they agreed on the date for another meeting.
agree--- agreement disagree--- disagreement
1. I ____________ what he said.
2. All those who ___________ the plan, raise your hands.
3. We ___________ leaving there the next day.
4. Finally he ______________ get someone to help me.
5. The food doesn’t _____________ him.
12. supply vt
① 供应,供给(所需要或所要求的事物)
supply sth. to sb. / supply sb. with sth.
The water-works(自然水厂)supplies the town with excellent water.
② 满足(需要) The government will supply (=meet) the need for more houses.
n. 供给,贮藏量 The answer lies in two facts. The first is that it has stored supplies of fat in its body during the summer and autumn.
We shall be receiving a good supply of shoes next week.(一大批)
* provide:供给(尤指生活必需品) provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth.
* offer: a: 提供 offer sb. sth / offer sth. to sb. b: 出价
We offered him the house for $2,000.我们索价二千美元卖给他那幢房子
We offered him $2,000 for the house.我们出价二千美元买他那幢房子
15．部分否定与全部否定
a: not 与 all, both, every 等连用,不管其位置如何都表示部分否定
Not all of them are interested in the book. (= All of them are not interested in the book.)
This kind of flower cannot be seen everywhere.
(= In some places we can see the flower, but in some other places we cannot see it.)
b: none, neither, no one等形式表示全部否定 None of them are for the plan.
1 All of them are not students. 2 No seats are left in the hall.
3 Both of them won’t go4 Neither of them will go. 5 He is not always late.
6 He never tells lies no one / none
① no one 用来指人，不能接 of 短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
② none 不仅指人也可指物，其后常接 of 短语，构成 “none of + 名词/代词”结构，当名词或代词为复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
③ 回答 how many / how much 引起的问句用 none；回答 who 引起的问句用 no one.
◆ ________ likes a person with bad manners.◆ ________ of his friends came to help him.
◆ Almost _________ believes him.◆ ________ of them has / have seen him.
◆ --- How much coal is left? --- _________.◆ --- Who entered the room? --- _________.
◆ --- How many students are there in the classroom? --- _________.
17. put up / set up / build / found
put up 帖(广告); 举(手); 架起,建造(有形之物)
set up 建造、创立(建筑、机构、设施等)
found 成立、创办(党团组织、国家政权)
build 建造、建设(各种具体或抽象的东西，也可引申为培养、发展、增强等含义).
① Last year a cinema was ________________ near our school.
② The rich man __________ a hospital and a school in the town where he was born.
③ The nursery was ________________ in our school.
④ The newspaper reporter _______________ his camera under a tree.
⑤ They must __________ good relations with the masses.
10. Let’s __________ a shed here for the time being.
11. The murderer was ________________ at last.
12. Can you ________ the sentence ________ English?
13. A big fire broke out last night and soon it was _____________.
14. How are you going to __________ the plan ____________.
15. Then he _______________ a call to Green.
16. We must find a p[lace where we can __________________.
put an end to 平息 / 停止 / 结束/ 消灭put away / aside收起来/ 储存
put back放回原处/ 后移 / 拨回put down写下来/ 镇压
put in / 安装 put into / 译成put into practice 执行， 实行
put off / put on / out put through 接通电话 put up举起， 安装，张贴
put up for the night住宿put up with忍受put to death处死
1. ________the reference books _______ on the shelf.
2. The police ____________ _________the strike.
3. He __________ the clock five minutes.
4. His mother asked him to ________ his toys ________.
5. Try your best to ____________ what the teacher says.
6. The sports meet was ____________ because of the rain.
7. A new magazine was ____________ last year.
8. It’s cold outside, ______________ your coat.
9. I can’t _______________ your laziness
19. begin(...) with; end (up) with Begin each sentence with the words given.
Knowledge begins with practice. We started/ began with soup, and had fruit to end ( up ) with.
20 grow up 生长,长大;发展,兴起
What are you going to be when you grow up?
The city has grown up since I was young. grow out of:来自,来源于
Sports grow out of everyday activities.
21 spend, cost , take
( sb. ) spend money/time on sth./in doing sth. ( sth.) cost ( sb. ) some money
It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth. It took him three years to write the book.
He took three years to write the book. The book took him three years to write.
He spent three years writing the book.
1. Every year he ________ a lot of money on books (in buying books).
2. This dictionary _______ me 100 yuan.
3. Making experiment like that ______ much time and labour.
4. Careless driving may ______ you your life.
5. They have decided to ______ 70,000 yuan for the newly-built house.
6. We’ll _______ you in a few days, when I have money.
1 She goes home two times every month.
2 Please keep the door to open. The air here is not fresh.
3. A burned child is afraid of fire.
4 The bridge was not strong enough and the flood washed away it.
5 Ten of the children are playing basketball; the rest is watching.
6. He lives in a far away place 7 He has got a plenty of men friends.
8 What do you mean on saying that? 9 Let’s begin our class from the new words.
10 We must supply everybody enough food.