I. Brief Statements Based on the Unit
In this unit, students will do some listening, speaking, reading and writing practice, Besides, they will study the grammar item: the Subjunctive Mood. In the first period, the teacher should help Ss improve their listening ability by listening to two dialogues and finishing the exercises in the listening part. Also, Ss will read a notice about safety at home. From the notice they will know what they should do and shouldn't do at home. Then with the help of the given useful expressions below the notice, Ss will make their own dialogues. In this period, Ss will also talk about first aid according to the pictures in warming up. This may make Ss be interested in the topic of this unit, so that in the second period, when Ss read more about first aid, they will understand the text better. Through the reading material in the second period, Ss will not only improve their reading ability, but they will also learn some knowledge of first aid, which will be helpful in case of accidents in future. In the third period, Ss will revise the useful words learnt in the first two periods and study the grammar item: the Subjunctive Mood. Lots of practice is provided in this part for Ss to master it better. In the fourth period, the teacher should help Ss to improve their integrating skills by reading a passage about dealing with common injuries and writing a paragraph to explain what should be done in case of an accident. After this period, Ss can learn much about first aid and also they learn to write a paragraph to tell others about first aid.
Ⅱ.Teaching Goals
1. Talk about first aid and medicine.
2. Practise talking about what you should and should not do.
3. Learn to use the Subjunctive Mood (2).
4. Write a process paragraph.
Ⅲ. Teaching Time. Five periods
IV. Background Information
1. First Aid (I)
First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis.
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC．which stands for：
A-Airway：is it open and unobstructed?
B-Breathing：is the person breathing?
Look．1isten．and feel for breathing．
C-Circulation：is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems．
Once obvious injures have been evaluated, the injured person’s head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body．If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position．Positioned on one side a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway．
2．First Aid(Ⅱ)
First aid means what it says：the aid，or held that can be given to an injured person first，which is before any other help．Nowadays，there is usually a telephone not faraway and the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambu1anee．But sometimes quick actions by us may save someone’s 1ife．Even when it is not so，there is often much that we can do to help．
Shock：people often suffer from shock after receiving an injury；sometimes even the injury is a small one．The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold．They breathe quickly．They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink．
Broken Bones：Don't move the person．Send for an ambulance at once．Treat for shock if necessary．
Poison：A person who has swallowed poison should be taken to hospital at once．With some poisons, sleeping pills，for example, it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your ringers down his throat．But if he has swallowed some kind of acid, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make the person sick．by pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make him sick. The poison would burn his throat as it cane up. It is, therefore, best to take the person to find out what the person has taken so that they call to tell the doctor.
Suffocation：This means not being able to breathe．For example．a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If a person has something stuck in his throat, try to remove it with your fingers, or by hitting him on the back.
When a person has stopped breathing because of drowning，electric shock，breathing in a poisonous gas，etc，you can help him to begin breathing again．You can not learn t his from a book．Ask someone to show you how to do it．Many Boy Scouts Will be able to show you．
Remember：When an accident happens，send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once．Keep the injured person warm and quiet．Give him plenty of air．Do not let other people crowd around him．If you see an Injured person who is being looked after，keep away．
The First Period
Teaching Aims
1．Train the students’ listening ability．
2．Help the students to improve their speaking ability by talking about first aid and medicine．
3．Learn and master some useful words and phrases：drown，bleed，choke，prevent，electric，electrical，catch fire．be on fire
Teaching Important Points：
1. Improve the students’ listening ability．
2. Train the students’ speaking ability.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. How to improve the students’ listening ability.
2. how to help the students finish the speaking practice.
Teaching Methods：
1．Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through the listening material．
2．Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class．
Teaching Aids
1．a tape recorder
2．a projector
3．the blackboard
Teaching Procedures：
Step I Greetings and Warming up
Greet the whole class as usual.
T：(Go to one student．) How do you come to school every day，Li Hua?
S：I come to school by bike．
T：You must be very careful。because there’re so many cars。motorbicycles，bikes and also walkers on the road every day．If you are not careful enough。you may have an accident．Have you ever seen an accident?
S：Yes．Once when I was going home．I saw a boy was knocked down by a bike．
T：RealIy? Was the boy hurt?
S：Luckily he wasn’t hurt badly．Only his left leg was hurt a little but there was nothing serious．He picked himself up and went away．
T：The boy was so lucky．But we must be carefully future．Now，look at the picture on the screen，please．
(Show the picture on the screen．)
T：Do you see the woman? She’s not so lucky．I think she is hurl badly．Maybe her leg is broken．What can we do to help her?
S：I think we should call for a doctor or an ambulance．
T：Yes，I think you’re right．But before the doctor comes, what can we do to help her? Do you think we should pull her out of the car?
S：No，I don’t think that’s correct．Because we may make her even more hurt．I think we should find enough people to lift the car safely and take the woman to hospital at once．
T：I agree with you．So do remember to be careful when you’re riding your bike．OK．Now，please turn to Page 57 and look at the pictures in Warming up．Have a discussion in pairs to find out what you should do in these situations and what we could do to prevent these accidents．
(Give the students a moment to prepare and then ask some pairs to report their results．)
Suggested answers：
Picture l
I think if we see someone drowning，we should first check to see if he／she is breathing．If not, we must try to start his／her breathing．If this is not done within five minutes，the person may die．
To prevent such an accident，we should nor go swimming alone or go swimming in unsafe places．
Picture 3
When we see a house on fire and someone is burnt，we should call 119 first and tell them the exact address on the phone．And we should also call 120 to ask for an ambulance to help．If the person is badly burnt, or if a child has been burnt，we should do nothing but wait for the doctor．If the person is not badly burnt, we can cool the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes and then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the area of burn. To prevent this, we should not play with fire, be careful with gas and make sure that all the electric wires are safe.
Picture 4
If someone is bleeding badly, we must try to stop the bleeding first. If a person loses one third of his/her blood, he/she may die. We can press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there. If possible, hold up the part of body which is bleeding. We must be very careful what ever we do.
Picture 5
If a person is cut, we can wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth. But if the person is badly cut, we should wait for the doctor. When we're working, we must pay more attention to safety.
Picture 6
If a person chokes, what we should do is to make him/her spit by patting him/her on the back. To avoid this, you shouldn't talk or laugh when eating.
T: Very good. You've known much about first aid. In this unit, we'll learn more about first aid. What new words do you think should be useful when you talk about accidents and first aid?
S: I think we may use "calm, conscious, chest, revive" and so on.
T: Good. Now, please turn to Page 111. I'll teach you the new words in this period. Please read after me.
(Students read the words after their teacher twice and then they have a few minutes to read by themselves. At last, the teacher may ask some students to read the words to see if they can read them correctly. )
T: I think you all can read them very well. Now, please look at the screen. I'll explain something to you.
(Show the following on the screen to the students.)
1. drown vt./vi, die in water/sound be louder or stronger than …
e. g. He drowned the kitten.
Cheers drowned his voice.
Do cats drown easily?
2. bleed vi. (bled; bled) lose blood
e. g. His nose bled last night.
The cut on his leg was bleeding badly.
3. choke vi./vt, cause (sb.) to stop breathing by squeezing or blocking the windpipe e. g. He choked when he ate his food too quickly.
The smoke almost choked me.
4. prevent yr. stop or hinder sb./sth.
e. g. Bad weather prevented me (from) starting.
Your prompt action prevented a serious accident.
5. catch fire., begin to burn be on fire. be burning
e. g. The house caught fire last night.
The house is on fire.
6. electric adj. using electrical power electrical adj. of /concerned with electricity
e. g. I want to buy an electric fan.
This machine has an electrical fault.
(Explain the language points to students and help them to master the important words and phrases. Write them on the blackboard. )
Step Ⅱ Speaking
T: Just now we've discussed what we should do when some accidents happen. But you know certain things at home can be dangerous. So we must know what we should do and shouldn't do. Please look at the screen. Here are some dos and don'ts. Work in pairs to tell each other what you should do and shouldn't do. The useful expressions below may help you.
(Show the following on the screen. )
Dos
l. Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can't reach them.
2. If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
3. Make sure that everyone in your family knows how to call 110.
4. Learn more about first aid.
Don'ts
1. Don't put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles.
2. Never leave small things on the floor or table which a baby can put in its mouth.
3. Don't play with electrical equipment.
4. Never use ladders on a wet floor.
Useful expressions
You should always…
You should not…
You ought to/should…
You should never…
You must…
You must never…
You have to…
Please don't …
Make sure that…
(A moment later, ask some students to act out their dialogues. )
Sample dialogue:
A: To be safe at home, you should always make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can't touch them.
B: Right. And we shouldn't play with electrical equipment.
A: We should never leave small things on the floor or table which a baby can put in its mouth.
B: Yes. You should never use ladders on a wet floor. You must have someone hold it for you
A: Remember not to put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles.
B: If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
A: You should also make everyone in your family know how to call 110.
B: I agree. We have to learn more about first aid, which is very helpful to us.
Step Ⅲ Preparation for Listening
T: OK. We've talked much about what we should do when an accident happens and what we should do and shouldn't do at home. I think you've known something about first aid. Look at the Listening part. Here are two pictures. Look at the first picture, please. What can you see?
S: I can see a boy, a nurse and a man.
T: What do you think has happened?
S: I think there's something wrong with the boy, and the man is worried about him and he is explaining something to the nurse.
T: Good. Now, look at the second picture, please. What do you see in the picture?
S: I can see a little girl and her mother, and there's also a nurse.
T: What do you guess has happened?
S: From the ink bottle I guess the little girl may have drunk some ink.
T: OK. From the two pictures, we can guess some information about the stories. Now, read the requirements quickly and find out what to do.
(Give Ss a few minutes to prepare. )
Step Ⅳ Listening
T: Now, you've known what to do. Let's listen to the tape to see what has happened in each story. Listen carefully. The first time, I play the tape, you should get the general idea. The second time, you should try to finish the exercises. And the third time I play the tape, you should check your answers. Are you clear?
Ss: Yes.
T: OK. Let's begin.
(Play the tape for Ss and pause the tape when necessary for Ss to write down their answers. Finally, check the answers with the whole class. Give explanations or play the tape once more if necessary. )
Step V Summary and Homework
T: Today, we've talked about what we should do in case of accidents. And also we have learnt what we shouldn't do at home. This is quite useful to us. After class, you should try to remember them. If you want to know more about first aid, you can preview the reading passage. That’s all for today. See you tomorrow!
Ss: See you tomorrow
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 8 First aid
The First Period
Words and expressions:
drown vt./vi, catch fire
bleed vi. be on fire
choke vt./vi, electric
prevent vt. electrical
Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching