1. time构成的短语
①for the first time第一次，初次，用作时间状语。
e.g. He came to China for the first time.
②the first time 第一次，首次，用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
e.g. The first time I met him, he was helping friends with their chemistry.
③当句子里有This/It/That is the first/second/third/last/best… time结构时，要用现在完成时。
e.g. This is the third time you’ve asked me the same question.
④time作次数解时为一可数名词。
He failed his driving test five times.
I have told you not to be late a dozen times.
2. There you are! 行了，好了。这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。例如：
There you are! Then let’s have some coffee.
除此以外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。例如：
There you are! I knew we should find it at last. 对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。
3. must表示推测,作“一定，肯定”解，只能用在肯定句中。在否定句中应用can’t。 may和 might表示推测时，意思是“可能”。否定形式也是can’t。may not 或might not 表示“可能不”。mustn’t 表示“坚决不许做某事”。
e.g. (1) This must be your room.
这一定是你的房间了。
(2) They must be waiting for us. Let’s hurry up.
他们一定在等我们，快点走。
(3) He can’t be telling the truth.
他说的不可能是真话。
(4) Our teacher may not be in the office. It is late.
我们的老师可能不在办公室了。天已经晚了。
(5) You mustn’t smoke in the classroom.
你不许在教室吸烟。
(6) The manager may go to attend the meeting. I am not quite sure.
4. majority n. 多数,大部分。作主语，强调整体时，使用单数动词；若强调团体中的每个分子，则动词用复数形式。
The majority is (are ) against the plan.
大多数人都反对这个计划。
majority常用于a/the majority of … ……的多数。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.
他的大部分书收藏在楼上。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康有害。
The majority of people seem to enjoying watching the football game.
大多数人似乎都喜欢看足球赛。
major adj. 主要的；重要的；一流的
majority与 most的比较：
majority n. 常与冠词连用，表示“……中的大多数”用a/the majority of + 名词或代词。 most用作不定代词或形容词，表示“大多数”可用most + 名词或most of + the + 名词或most of + 代词。
e.g. A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most of the people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大多数人似乎都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
Most of them speak English.
他们中的大多数人说英语。
Most classical music sends me to sleep.
古典音乐我大多听着听着就睡着了。
It rained for the most of the summer.
夏天大部分时间都下雨。
5. total n. 总数。in total = in all = altogether总共，总计。
That will cost you 7.50 pounds in total.
你总共要花7.50英磅。
In total, there are 250.000 books in the library.
图书馆里总共有二十五万册图书。
adj. 整个的，全部的，总数的。
What is the total cost of our trip to the seaside?
v. 总数为，加起来是。
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home?
6. equal adj. 相等的，相同的，同样的
Cut the cake into six equal pieces.
All men are born equal.
be equal to 和……相等，相当于
Tom is equal to John in height
n. 同等的人或平等的人或物。
e.g. Women should be equals of men.
Jane has no equal in physics.
I am not his equal at skiing.
v. 等于，和……相等
e.g. No one else in the restaurant equals his service.
Two and two equals four.
None of us can equal her as a dancer.
7. a number of和the number of
两者后面都加可数名词的复数，但是意思不一样。
a number of 指很多，大量的；引导的名词短语做主语，动词是复数形式， the number of 指……的数量，引导的名词短语做主语，动词是单数形式。
e.g. A number of students are waiting outside the school gate.
The number of the students waiting outside is 30.
8. besides, except, except for, except that的区别
besides意思是“除……之外（还有）…..”,其内涵是“加上”。
e.g. Do you know other language besides German?
Li Lei also went to the park besides you.
except意思是“除……之外”，其内涵是“减去”。从 整体中排除。它前面常有all, every, any, no及其复合词。
e.g. Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.
The students go to school every day except on Saturday and Sunday.
except for 是在说明整体的基本情况后，再对细节加以纠正，其后一般加名词。
e.g. Your composition is well-written except for some spelling mistakes.
except that (wh-) 其后需加从句，用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。可以与except for互换。
e.g. Your composition is well-written except that there are some spelling mistakes.
I usually go to school by bike except when it rains.
9. stay up 不睡觉，熬夜，不倒塌。
The student stayed up all night to study.
Tell him to stay up until I get home.
Some strong houses stayed up in the earthquake.
10. have difficulty(in) doing做某事有困难（费力）。
eg. (1) Do you have any difficulty in learning English?
你学英语很吃力吗？
(2) Everyone in the town knew him , so we had no difficulty in finding his house.
城里人人都认识他，所以，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
如果difficulty后接名词时，名词前面要加with，即have difficulty with something。同样的用法还有：be busy doing something, be busy with something。help somebody (to) do something, help somebody with something。
另外，difficulty还可以用trouble或problem替换。
11.come about（某情况）发生
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about.
有时候很难解释争吵发生的原因。
I will never understand how it came about that you were on hour late on such a short journey.
我真不懂这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。
表示“发生”的动词和动词词组还有：happen, take place, break out等。这些动词或动词词组都是不及物动词的性质，因此，都没有被动语态。
12.more or less或多或少
e.g. I’ve more or less finished reading the book.
It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.
I can earn $ 20 , more or less, as a waiter.
类似的短语还有：sooner or later, this or that, here and there
13.end up 最后有某种结局，最后成了，结束。
The meeting end up with the singing of The Internationale.
He ended up as the head of the firm.
14. widely和wide
wide有形容词和副词两种词性。
widely只有副词的词性。但是作为副词，wide指的是具体的宽，widely指的是抽象意义上的广泛地。
e.g. He opened his eyes wide when he saw me in Paris.
Computer is widely used in China nowadays.
同样的区别还有：high, highly, deep, deeply, close, closely, late, lately